机械加工工艺规程外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

Machine-finishing technological process one, machine-finishing technological process The machine-finishing technological process is stipulates the components machine-finishing technological process and the operating procedure and so on the technological document.It is the machine manufacture factory most main technology document.Its concrete function is as follows: 1. The technological process is instructs the production the main technical document, is directs the scene production the basis. Regarding large quantities of mass production factory, because the production organization is strict, the division of labor is careful, the request technological process quite is detailed, can be advantageous for the organization and the direction production.Regarding the single unit small serial production factory, the technological process may simple.But regardless of the scale of production size, all must have the technological process, otherwise the production scheduling, the technical preparation, the key technologies research, the equipment disposition and so on all are unable to arrange, the production will fall into chaotic.At the same time, the technological process also is deals with the production issue the basis, if the product quality question, may be clear about each production unit according to the technological process the responsibility.Carries on the production according to the technological process, is advantageous for the guarantee product quality, obtains the high production efficiency and the economic efficiency. 2. The technological process is the production organization and the supervisory work basic basis. First, had the technological process, before new product investment production, may carry on before the related production the technology preparatory work.For example for the components processing preparation engine bed, designs the special-purpose labor, clamps, the measuring instrument and so on.Next, the factory design and the dispatch department basis technological process, arranges various components the batch feeding time and quantity, the adjuster load, various job sites have the rhythm according to a man-hour of fixed quantity to carry on the production and so on, causes the entire enterprise various administrative offices, the workshop, the construction section and the job site close coordination, guaranteed completes the productive plan balanced. 3. The technological process is newly built either changes (expands) the construction work factory or the workshop basic document. When newly built either changes (expands) the construction work factory or the workshop, only then based on the technological process can determine the production needs engine bed and other equipment type, quantity and specification; Workshop area; Engine bed layout; Produces workers kind of work in a factory, the technical rank and quantity; Auxiliary departments arrangement. But, the technological process is not fixed invariable, it is produces the worker and technical personnels in production process practice summary, it may carry on the revision according to the production actual situation, causes it to improve and the consummation unceasingly, but must have the strict examination and approval procedure. Second, technological process making principle The technological process formulation principle is high quality, the high production, the low cost, namely in under the guarantee product quality premise, strives for the best economic efficiency.When making technological process should pay attention to the following question: In technical sophistication When making technological process, must understand the domestic and foreign this profession the processing technology level of development, through the essential engineer testing, uses the advanced craft and the craft equipment positively. 2. In economical rationality Under certain working condition, possibly can appear several kinds to be able to guarantee the components specification the craft plan, this time should or contrasts mutually through the calculation, in the choice economy the most reasonable plan, causes the product the energy, the material consumption and the production cost is lowest. 3. Has the good work condition When making technological process, must pay attention guaranteed when worker operation has good and the safe work condition.Therefore, must pay attention in the craft plan uses the mechanization or the automated measure, reduces the light industry altogether numerous and diverse physical labor. Third, time making technological process firsthand information Time the making technological process firsthand information mainly has: 1. Product pattern and engineering factor. If product assembly drawing and detail drawing; 2. Product craft plan. If product acceptance testing and evaluation quality specification, semifinished materials material and so on; 3. Product spare part craft route table or workshop division of labor detailed list.Understands the product and enterprises management situation; 4. Product production guiding principle (annual output).In order to determination production type; 5. This enterprises working condition. In order to draw up the technological process is practical and feasible, certainly must understand and the familiar this enterprises working condition.If semifinished materials productivity, workers technical level as well as special purpose equipment and craft equipment manufacturing capacity, enterprise existing equipment condition and so on; 6. Related craft standard. If each craft handbook and graph, but also should be familiar with this enterprise each kind of enterprise standard and the profession standard; 7. Related equipment and craft equipment and material. The equipment and the craft equipment selects which regarding this technological process should have understood thoroughly, like specification, performance, new old degree and existing precision and so on; 8. Domestic and foreign similar product related craft material. The technological process making, needs to study the domestic and foreign related craft material frequently, positively introduces the suitable advanced processing technology, raises the technological level unceasingly, obtains the maximum economic efficiency. Fourth, making technological process step 1 Computation components production guiding principle, determination production type; 2. Analysis product assembly pattern and components pattern Mainly includes the components the processing technology capability, the assembly technology capability, the main processing surface and the specification, the understanding components in product function; 3. Definite semifinished materials type, structure shape, manufacture method and so on; 4. Drafts the craft route Including the preferred orientation datum, determines various superficial the processing method, the division processing stage, the determination working procedure centralism and the disperser degree, the reasonable arrangement processing order and so on;5. Determines various working procedures the processing remainder, the computation working procedure size and the common difference; 6. Chooses the equipment and the craft equipment;7. Determination cutting specifications and computing time fixed quantity; 8. Filling in technological document. Fifth, technological document form The technological document content, fills in certain form the card, namely becomes the production to prepare and to construct the basis technological document.The commonly used technological document form has the following several kinds1. Machine-finishing technological process card This kind of card take the working procedure as a unit, briefly lists the craft route which the entire components processing passes through (including semifinished materials manufacture, machine-finishing and heat treatment and so on).It is draws up other technological document the foundation, also produces the basis which the preparation, the arrangement work plan and the organization produce.In this kind of card, because various working procedures showing insufficiently is concrete, therefore not directly instructs the worker to operate generally, but many uses as the production management aspect.But in single unit small serial production.Because usually does not establish other detailed technological document, but on by this kind of card instruction production.The machine-finishing technological process card sees Table 3-5 to show. Machine-finishing process chartThe machine-finishing process chart is take the working procedure as a unit, explains the entire technological process in detail one technological document.It is uses for to instruct the worker to produce and to help the shop management personnel and the technical personnel grasps the entire components processing process one kind of main technical document, is widely uses in the mass productions the components and in the important components small serial production.The machine-finishing process chart content including the components material, the weight, the semifinished materials type, the process number, the working procedure name, the working procedure content, the craft parameter, the operation requests the equipment and the craft equipment which as well as uses and so on.The machine-finishing process chart form sees Table 3-6 to show. 3. Machine-finishing working procedure card The machine-finishing working procedure card is the basis machine-finishing process chart is a working procedure making.It explained in detail entire components each working procedure the request, is uses for specifically to instruct the technological document which the worker operates.Must draw the working procedure diagram on this kind of card, explained this working procedure each labor step content, the craft parameter, the operation request as well as use the equipment and the craft equip.Uses in large quantities of mass productions generally the components.The machine-finishing working procedure card form sees Table 3-7.机械加工工艺规程一、机械加工工艺规程机械加工工艺规程是规定零件机械加工工艺过程和操作方法等的工艺文件。它是机械制造工厂最主要的技术文件。其具体作用如下： 1 工艺规程是指导生产的主要技术文件，是指挥现场生产的依据。对于大批大量生产的工厂，由于生产组织严密，分工细致，要求工艺规程比较详细，才能便于组织和指挥生产。对于单件小批生产的工厂，工艺规程可以简单些。但无论生产规模大小，都必须有工艺规程，否则生产调度、技术准备、关键技术研究、器材配置等都无法安排，生产将陷入混乱。同时，工艺规程也是处理生产问题的依据，如产品质量问题，可按工艺规程来明确各生产单位的责任。按照工艺规程进行生产，便于保证产品质量、获得较高的生产效率和经济效益。 2 工艺规程是生产组织和管理工作的基本依据。首先，有了工艺规程，在新产品投入生产之前，就可以进行有关生产前的技术准备工作。例如为零件的加工准备机床，设计专用的工、夹、量具等。其次，工厂的设计和调度部门根据工艺规程，安排各零件的投料时间和数量，调整设备负荷，各工作地按工时定额有节奏地进行生产等，使整个企业的各科室、车间、工段和工作地紧密配合，保证均衡地完成生产计划。 3 工艺规程是新建或改（扩）建工厂或车间的基本资料。在新建或改（扩）建工厂或车间时，只有依据工艺规程才能确定生产所需要的机床和其它设备的种类、数量和规格；车间的面积；机床的布局；生产工人的工种、技术等级及数量；辅助部门的安排。 但是，工艺规程并不是固定不变的，它是生产工人和技术人员在生产过程中的实践的总结，它可以根据生产实际情况进行修改，使其不断改进和完善，但必须有严格的审批手续。 二、工艺规程制订的原则工艺规程制定的原则是优质、高产、低成本，即在保证产品质量的前提下，争取最好的经济效益。在制订工艺规程时应注意下列问题： 1 技术上的先进性在制订工艺规程时，要了解国内外本行业的工艺技术的发展水平，通过必要的工艺试验，积极采用先进的工艺和工艺装备。 2 经济上的合理性在一定的生产条件下，可能会出现几种能保证零件技术要求的工艺方案，此时应通过核算或相互对比，选择经济上最合理的方案，使产品的能源、材料消耗和生产成本最低。 3 有良好的劳动条件在制订工艺规程时，要注意保证工人操作时有良好而安全的劳动条件。因此，在工艺方案上要注意采用机械化或自动化措施，以减轻工共繁杂的体力劳动。 三、制订工艺