高中英语语法同位语从句.ppt

同位语从句,AppositiveClause,nounclauses名词性从句,subjectiveclause主语从句,objectiveclause宾语从句,predicativeclause表语从句,appositiveclause同位语从句,1.名词性从句的引导词,that,whether,if,asif,what,which,who,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whose,when,where,why,how,连词：,连接代词：,连接副词：,2.如何判断从句？,宾语从句：,位于及物动词或介词之后,表语从句：,位于连系动词之后,主语从句：,位于句首，即在谓语动词之前,1.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.2.Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.3.HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.4.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.5.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.6.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.,主从,宾从,表从,同位语从句,宾从,主从,我不知道你在这儿.,Ididntknowthatyouwerehere.,Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.,宾语从句,同位语从句,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。,名词,同位语从句,连接词,一.同位语从句1.概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句就叫同位语从句。2.功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容3.用法:常跟的抽象名词有:fact,idea,reason,problem,order,doubt,news,word,hope,truth,wish,promise,belief，advice,4.连词that/whether/who/whom/whose/whichwhat/when/where/why/how,同位语从句，即从句在句中作主语或宾语的同位语，是对句子主语或宾语的解释、说明。,Ihavenoideathatyouwerehere.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Thequestionwhetherhellattendthemeetingisimportant.,.连接词that引导的同位语从句,如果同位语从句意义完整，用that连接；that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用，但是不可以省略。,Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.,1.他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国.,（解释说明）,如果同位语从句不完整，需用“是否”的含义，只用whether引导,不用if.,1.这个问题是否正确还未被证实.,Theproblem_isrighthasntbeenproved.,.连接词whether引导的同位语从句,whether,.连接词代词what/which/whowhom/whose引导的同位语从句,e.g1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定.2.我不知道该选哪个.,1.Thequestion_shouldgoabroadhasntbeendecidedyet.,2.Ihavenoidea_oneIshouldchoose.,which,who,(定语),(主语),如果同位语从句意义不完整，需加“什么”“哪个”“谁”等连接代词，需用what,which,who等在从句中充当成分,.连接词副词when/where/why/how引导的同位语从句,e.g1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.2.我们还没决定好去哪儿.,1.Ivegotagoodidea_theyleftearly.2.Thequestion_weshouldgohasnotbeendecided.,why,where,如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”,“什么地点”,“什么原因”,“什么方式”，需用when,where,why,how引导同位语从句。,1.同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：（谓语较短，同位语从句较长）,1:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.2:Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.（word：n消息）,分隔式同位语从句,Wordcamethat消息传来说Newscamethat消息传来说Astorygoesthat传说Asayinggoesthat.有一句谚语说,1、Welldiscusstheproblemifthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.,2、TheyexpressedthehopetheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.,3、Ihavenoideawhereisshe.从句里要用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+4.Mysuggestionwasthatwecanceledtheexamination.,demand，suggestion,proposal等同位语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即:(should)+动词原形,sheis.,(should)cancel,whether,that,Wordcame_ourarmyhadwonthebattleA.whenB.whereC.whatD.that2.Thereismuchchance_Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if,D,考考你,A,3.Ihavenoidea_hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./4.Hissuggestion_themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.it5.Wehaventsettledthequestion_itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that,B,C,A,大家注意啦！,同位语从句与定语从句区别:,1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.,（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）,定语从句,宾语,同位语从句,(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的）,定语从句是从句对其先行词或前面整个句子的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴，如:,TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.Thehope(that)sheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.,Letshaveatryatonce,同位语从句：theywouldcometovisitChina对hope进行具体的说明。,定语从句：hope充当express的宾语。,有些词如可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.(同位语从句),whether,how,what,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.,news=ourteamhaswonthegame,Thenews是从句里hetoldme的直接宾语,(是同位语从句）,（是定语从句）,1.Thenewsthattherearenolivesonthemoonisknowntousall.()2.Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.()3.Haveyouanyideawhohewentwith?()4.Isthereanyhopethattheywillbehomeintime?()5.Theproblemthatyoureferredtodoesntexistatall.(),同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,1.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：1)Thefact_heusedtobeathiefisknowntoall.2)Weweresurprisedbythefact_shetoldus.3)Thenextthing_mustbedoneistomakeaplan.,that,同,that/which,定,that,定,测试性评价,4)Wordcame_ourarmyhadwonthebattle.5)Thepresidenthasgivenanordereveryoneinthecountryshouldprepareforawar_mightlastforseveralyears.6)Wevejustheardawarningontheradio_ahurricaneislikelytocome.,that,同,that,同,that,同,1.Wedontthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句),翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。,2.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句)3.Whethertheyarecomingornotdontmattertoomuch.他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句),4.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句)5.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句),6.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句),用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。7.Icantdecide_bookIshouldbuy.8.Chin