2011年中考英语总复习专题1-18(冠词)

2011年中考英语总复习专题1-18专题二 冠词一、考点分析：中考对冠词的考查主要集中在以下几点：1不定冠词a, an的用法区别。2定冠词the的用法。3不用冠词的情况。4习惯用语中冠词的用法。考查冠词的形式一般为单项选择，有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等题中出现。二、考点知识讲解：考 点1 定冠词的用法：定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那(这)个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1特指双方都明白的人或物。Take the medicine.把药吃了。2上文提到过的人或事。He bought a house. Ive been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3指世上独一无二的事物或用于对两个人或事物比较时起特指作用的比较级前。He is the taller of the two boys.两个男孩中他较高点。the fox (狐狸)，the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar“美元”；或与形容词或分词连用表示一类人，如：the rich“富人”；the living“生者”。5用在序数词和形容词最高级及形容词only, very, same 等前面。Where do you live？I live on the second floor.你住在哪？我住在二层。Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。6与复数名词连用，指整个群体。They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)他们是这个学校的全体老师。They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)他们是这个学校的老师。7表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前。She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前。the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国the United States 美国9用在表示西洋乐器的名词之前，但中国乐器前不加the。play the piano 弹钢琴10用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”。the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇)11用在惯用语中。in the morning/afternoon/evening，in the end，by the way，at the age of，at the moment等。12用于方向名词或表示江河、山脉、海峡等专有地理名称前。in the southeast of，at the back of，the Red Sea13用在逢十的复数名词前，表示年代，也指人的大约岁数。The young girl is in the twenties.这个年轻的女孩大约二十几岁。The war broke out in the forties.这场战争发生在40年代。考 点2 不定冠词的用法：1不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量，其意思和“one”差不多。What can I do for you, madam？要点什么，女士？I want an orange skirt for my daughter.我想为我女儿买条橘黄色的裙子。2泛指人或事物的某一类，尤其是作表语时要用a单数名词，而不用the单数名词。The dog is an honest animal to human beings.狗是对人类忠诚的动物。3用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，有“每一”之义，相当于every。How much is the meat? 肉多少钱？Its eight yuan a kilo. 8块钱每公斤。4泛指某人或某物。A boy is looking at you. 一个男孩在看你。5用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一份，一场”等。Would you like a drink? 你想喝杯饮料吗？There will be a heavy rain tomorrow. 明天将会有大雨。6用于可视为一体的两个名词前。a knife and fork 一副刀叉7用于某些习语中，如：a little/few/bit，in a hurry，catch a cold，have a good time，have a restrest，after a while，in a word8用于固定结构后，如：quite/half/rather/many/sucha(an)名词Hes quite a famous artist. 他是个很有名的艺术家。Many a man would welcome such an opportunity.许多人会很高兴有这样一个机会。考 点3 零冠词的用法 ：1在专有名词前不加冠词，如国名、省名、城市名、街名、公园名等。Sanya is in Hainan Province. 三亚在海南省。We live in China. 我们住在中国。2一日三餐、球类运动和学科前不加冠词。He went to school without breakfast this morning. 早上他没吃早饭就去上学了。They like playing football after school. 他们喜欢放学后踢足球。I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。3表示节日、季节、星期、月份的名词前不加冠词，但若特指某年的某月、某季节，则需要在月份、季节前加the。Today is Friday /July 14th. 今天是星期五/7月14日。It is summer now. 现在是夏天。Yesterday was March 8th，Womens Day. 昨天是3月8日妇女节。4表示称呼或头衔的名词前，不加冠词。This is Professor Wang. 这是王教授。He is captain of the team. 他是队长。5在有物主代词、不定代词、指示代词等作定语的名词前，不用冠词。His birthday is September 8th. 他的生日是9月8日。How much are these shoes? 这些鞋多少钱？6不可数名词前一般不用冠词。Which does he like better, fish or chicken?他更喜欢哪一个，鱼还是鸡？7泛指的复数名词前不用冠词。Animals live in the forest. 动物生活在树林里。8与by连用的交通工具前不用冠词，但与take或介词连用时，名词前要加冠词。They often go to school by bus. 他们通常做公共汽车去上学。take a bus，in a boat，on the bike9在某些固定的词组或习语中，不用冠词。face to face，watch TV，step by step，at first/last, in trouble/danger，on/in time，go to school/work，at noon/night特别提醒：1不定冠词a/an的区别a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前，判断一个单词是元音开头还是辅音开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据首字母。如：an honest boy，a useful book There is an “f” in the word “five”. 在“five”中有字母“f”。我们可以这样来记忆：不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音。(1)在26个字母中，前面用an的字母有：a，e，f，h，i，l，m，n，o，r，s，x，其他用a。(2)以u开头的单词，要注意区别。如：an umbrella，an unusual story，an unhappy boy，a university，a useful book2有定冠词与无定冠词的区别(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)3序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别“the序数词”表示“第几”；“a序数词”表示“又一，再一”。如：The cake is delicious，and I would like a_second one.蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一块。4a number of与the number of的辨析a number of 意思是“许多”，相当于a lot of；the number of意思是“的数目，的数量”，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of students like playing computer games.许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。The number of the students is about 1,500 in our school.我们学校学生的人数大约是1 500。5在句型“动词人介词the人体部位”中要用the，而不用物主代词。如：take sb. by the hand 抓住某人的手hit sb. on the head打某人的头pat sb. on the shoulder拍某人的肩hit sb. in the face打某人的脸6当名词被其他词修饰时，不定冠词a或an的位置应注意：(1)当名词被such，half，what，many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。如：He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.他离开得如此匆忙以至于忘了关门。It took me half an hour to write the letter.写那封信花了我半个小时。(但在美国，半个小时也可以说成a half hour。)What an interesting book it is!这是多么有趣的一本书啊！Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.许多人到大城市去打工了。(2)当名词前面的形容词前有so，how，too等词时，不定冠词应放在形容词后。如：She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.她是如此好的一个女孩，她把那位盲人带到了车站。How nice a film this is! 这是多么好看的一部电影啊！(3)当名词前面有形容词和quite，rather或very时，不定冠词置于quite或rather之后，very之前。如：quite a good book，rather a useful tool，a very interesting story中考试题分析：1. How about _ talent show?I should say it was _ great success.A/; the Ba; the Cthe; a Dthe; /解析：第一空指说话双方都知道的才艺表演是定冠词the的用法；第二空上，数量有“一”的意思，但又没有one强烈，一次巨大的成功，这是不定冠词a的用法。故选C。2. Wed better get ready for the dinner now because _ Greens are coming to visit us tonight.Aa Ban Cthe D/解析：定冠词the用在姓氏前面表示“一家或夫妇”。句意为“我们最好现在就准备吃晚餐，因为格林夫妇今晚要来我们家做客。”故选择C。3. Youve dropped _ “s” in the word “necessary”Oh, _ letter “s” is doubled.Aa; a Ba; theCan; the Dthe; the解析：考查冠词的用法。不定冠词表示泛指，指一类，a用在用于辅音音素开头的词前；an用于元音音素开头的词前；定冠词the用在名词前表特指。字母s的音标是/es/，是以元音音素开头，该用冠词an；上文已经提到的，下文再提到用定冠词the，表示特指，故选C。练习：1.Where may you advise me to start my business? In my opinion, Yichang is _ one of _ best places for you. Athe; the B/; the Cthe; / D/; /2. By the way, have you got _ email address?Oh, yes, it is .Aa Ban Cthe D/3.Do you know Meimei?Yes, she is from a university and she is _ honest girl.Aa Ban C/4.What would you like for _ breakfast, Mr. Green?Two pieces of bread and _ cup of tea, please.Aa; the B/; a C/; the三餐前没有形容词时，不用任何冠词，cup是单数，故用a。句意是“格林先生，早餐你想吃什么？”“请给我两块面包和一杯茶。”5. There are sixty minutes in _ hour.Aa Ban Cthe冠词的用法。hour 为可数名词，单词中“h”不发音，根据单词中第二个发音单位/au/为元音音素，故选择B。6.Many people think that 2012 is one of _ most successful films.Aa Ban Cthe D/7.If you work hard, youll get _ “A” in the exam.Aa Ban Cthe“A”是一个字母，它是以元音音素开头，故用an来修饰。句意是“如果你努力学习，你将会在考试中得A。”8. Whats _ most useful invention in the 20th century?_ computer, I think.Athe; A Ba; ACthe; The D/; The形容词最高级前用定冠词the; the 加单数名词表示一类东西，故选C。句意是“二十世纪最有用的发明是什么？”“我认为是电脑。”9. Is there _ clock in your room?Yes, there is.Aa Ban Cthe10. They often take _ walk after dinner.Aa B Cthe Dan11. May I have a look at _ book tonight?Of course, you can. I have _ old one at home.Athe; a Ba; the Cthe; an Dthe; the双方都知道的名词前用the；第一次提到的事物前用不定冠词a/an，old以元音音素开头，所以用an。12.My sister can play _ violin very well.Athe Ba C/13.Look! There is _ map of China on the wall.Aa Ban Cthe D/14.Look! Whats that moving high up in _ sky?It must be _ plane.Aa; the Bthe; /Cthe; a D/; a15.There is _ local shop for people to buy daily things in the small village.Aa Ban Cthe D/16.Have you found _ address that you wanted?Yes. Its Mr W.Aa Ban Cthe D/17.Avatar(阿凡达) is such _ wonderful science fiction movie that I want to see it _ second time.Aa; a Ba; the C/; the D/; a考查名词由such修饰。句意为“阿凡达是如此精彩的一部科幻电影以至于我想看第二遍。”根据空前的such和后面movie可知是such a/an adj. n that结构，因此此处应该使用冠词a。第二空指“又一，另一”应该使用冠词a来表示。18. Shall we pay _ visit to Expo 2010，Shanghai?No，Id rather stay at home and play _ football.A a; the Bthe；aC/; the Da; /考查不定冠词和零冠词的用法。句意为“我们去参观2010上海世博会，好吗？”“不，我宁愿呆在家里踢足球。”visit是泛指，表示泛指的单数可数名词前用不定冠词；play football习惯不用冠词。19. Jack likes playing _ soccer, but he doesnt like playing _ piano.A/; / Bthe; / Cthe; the D/; the20. Look! _ man over there is Li Les father.AAn BA CThe21. The doctor advises me to eat _ apple a day.Aa Ban Cthe D/22. Do you know the story of Goldilaks and the Three Bears?Yes, I do. Its _ interesting story.Aa Ban Cthe D/23. Theres _ 800metrelong road behind _ hospital.Aan; an Ba; aCan; the Da; the“一条800米长的路”表示为an 800meterlong road，而“在医院后边”中的医院是双方都知道的名词，其前要用the。24. I hope we can fly to _ moon one day.Aa Ban Cthe D/25. Its not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.Aa; a Bthe; theCa; the Dthe; a一个好主意表示为“a good idea”，without a break意为“没有休息”26After school we usually play _ basketball for half an hour on _ playground.Athe; the B/; / C/; the Dthe; /27. What should I buy for Toms birthday?How about _ camera? He loves taking photos?Aa Ban Cthe D/28.How was _ dinner at Mikes house?It was great. Mikes mum is _ wonderful cook.Aa; the Bthe; aCthe; the Da; an双方都明白的事物前要用the，一位出色的厨师表示为a wonderful cook。29. There is _ umbrella near the window.Athe Ban Ca30.How do you go to _ work?I usually take _ bus.Athe; a B/; aCa; a Dthe; /work是不可数名词，其前不用任何冠词，乘公共汽车可表示为take a bus。31. We can see _ full moon on the evening of August _ 15th every year.Athe; a Ba; aCa; the Dthe; the“一轮满月”表示为a full moon，序数词前要用定冠词the，故15th前用the。32. Jack started to work at _ early age because his family was very poor.Aa Ban Cthe D/at an early age“很小的时候”。33. Harry Potter is such _ interesting book that we all like it.Aa Ban Cthe D/34. How do you like your holiday in Mount Yuntai?We enjoyed it very much. _ sight is very beautiful.AA BAn CThe D/双方都明白的名词前加定冠词the。34.Tim and Tom are twin brothers. But they have different hobbies. Tim likes playing _ chess while Tom likes playing _ guitar.Athe; / B/; theCthe; the D/; /35. We all know _ sun comes out in the daytime.Athe Ba C/ Dansun是世界上独一无二的事物，其前用定冠词the。句意是“我们都知道太阳在白天出来。”36. Lily, would you mind turning on _ light, please? Its a little dark in the room.Of course not.Aa Ban Cthe D/根据句意可知双方都知道是哪盏灯，在双方都知道的事物前用the。句意是“莉莉，你介意打开灯吗？房间里有点暗。”“当然不介意。”37. Its reported that _ terrible earthquake hit _ south of our country.Aa; the Bthe; aC/; the Dan; /第一次强调的数量用不定冠词，terrible是以辅音音素开头的，故用a; 第二空是特指故用the。句意是“据报道一场可怕的地震发生在我国的北部。”38.Mary has a cold and a high fever. She has to stay in _ bed.Aa B/ Cthe Dan根据句意可知是在床上休息，in bed指“卧病在床”；in the bed指“在床里，躲在床上”。句意是“玛丽感冒了并发高烧，她不得不卧病在床。”39. In the western countries, Fathers Day falls on _ third Sunday in _ June.Athe; /