初中英语知识点-【固定短语】

介词短语目录介词短语定义与应用1初中12重点句型解析1动词+副词短语分类及用法2动词+介词的固定短语2重点短语句型详解2初中61个常用短语总结3固定短语句型的作用与解释5重点句型中固定短语的用法（1-15）6介词短语定义与应用介词+名词/代词所构成的短语称为介词短语。1in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着。2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示在排/队/班级/年级等。3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示在上午/下午/傍晚等一段时间。4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里。5in the tree表示在树上 (非树本身所有)；on the tree表示在树上(为树本身所有)。6in the wall表示在墙上（凹陷进去）；on the wall表示在墙上（指墙的表面）。7at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。8at + 时刻表示钟点。9like this/that表示方式，意为像这/那样。10of短语表示所属关系。11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。12from与to多表示方向，前者意为从，后者意为到。另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on ones bike等。初中12重点句型解析1I think意为我认为，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I dont think，2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为把给，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb.3take sb./ sth. to意为把(送)带到，后常接地点，也可接人。4One, the other/One isand one is意为一个是；另一个是，必须是两者中。5Let sb. do sth. 意为让某人做某事，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Dont let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Lets 与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为帮助某人做某事，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换.7What about？/How about？意为怎么样？是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。8Its time to do/ Its time for sth. 意为该做的时间了，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为喜欢做某事， 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，10ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为让某人(不要)做某事，其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为把某物给某人看，该句型的用法同前面第2点。12introduce sb. to sb. 意为把某人介绍给另一人；introduce to sb.则是向某人作介绍。动词+副词短语分类及用法动词+副词动词+副词所构成的短语义分为两类：A动词（vt.）+副词1put on 穿上 2take off脱下 3write down记下此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。B动词（vi）+副词。1come on赶快 2get up起床 3go home回家4come in进来 5sit down坐下 6stand up起立此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。动词+介词的固定短语动词+介词1look at看， look like 看上去像， look after 照料2listen to听3welcome to欢迎到4say hello to 向问好5speak to对说话此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。重点短语句型详解1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。用法 used to + 动词原形，表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，含有现在不再如此之意。搭配 used to do的否定式可以是usednt to do或didnt use to do.比较 used to do sth. 过去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。2.return it sooner or later.迟早要将它归还。用法 l)sooner or later意为迟早、早晚。2)return此处用作及物动词，意为归还，相当于give back.拓展return还可用作不及物动词，意为返回，相当于go back或come back。3.No matter what the weather is like无论天气用法no matter what 相当于whatever，其意为无论什么，引导状语从句。拓展类似no matter what的表达方式还有：no matter when无论什么时候nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方no matter who无论谁no matter how 无论怎么样4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。用法practise doing sth. 表示实践、练习（做）某事。拓展practice名词，实践、实施、练习；put a plan into practice实行某计划。5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。用法1)encourage用作动词，意思是鼓励、支持。2)take part in参加，常表示参加活动。3)protect 是动词，表示防御、保护。搭配1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害6. to warn people about sharks in the water. 警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。用法 warn用作动词，意思是警告、警戒。搭配1)warn sb.+ that从句2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事3)warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事初中61个常用短语总结1.kinds of 各种各样的2. eitheror或者或者，不是就是3. neithernor既不也不4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因而著名8. on ones way to在途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在的尽头，在的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及时13. make ones way to往（艰难地）走去14. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先，第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室23. at the head of在的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢，抛散26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take ones temperature 给某人体温31. have/get a pain in某处疼痛32. have a headache 头痛33. as soon as 一就34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stopfrom doing sth. 阻止干某事36. fall asleep 入睡37. again and again再三地，反复地38. wake up 醒来，叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 检查41. take exercise运动42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按时45. out of从向外46. all by oneself 独立，单独47. lots of=a lot of 许多48. no longer/more=notany longer/more 不再49. get back 回来，取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光，吃完53. run after 追赶54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物55. take(good) care of=look after(well) （好好）照顾，照料56. think of 考虑到，想起57. keep a diary 坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下59. harder and harder 越来越厉害60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）61. turn off 关固定短语句型的作用与解释16.had better do sth.最好干某事.否定:had better not do sth.特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.eg.Youd better catch a train.Youd better not talk in class.Youd better not be late for the class.17.It is good (nice)of+宾格+to do sth.eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英语真是太好了)18.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)=sb.spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth.eg.It took me half an hour to do the work. =I spent half anhourin doing the work.19.sb.pay 钱 for 物 某物化费了某人多少钱 =sb.spend 钱 on 物 =物 cost sb.钱pay的过去式为paid 而不是payed.eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat.=I spent thirty yuan on the coat.=The coat cost me thirty yuan.20.have been to 某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿sb.have been in +地点 某人呆在某地(一段时间)have gone to 某人已去某地,人不在这儿21. too形容词(副词)+to太而不能 太以致于不eg.The basket is too heavy for me to carry. 这篮子太重我拿不动。This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy. 这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。so.that 如此.以致于.上面的too.to结构的句子，可以换成so.that 引导的句子转换。The basket is so heavy that I cant carry it.This colour TV is so expensive that we cant afford it.22.Whats the population of .? .人口有多少？不说How much population in.?形容人口数量的大用largeeg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA23.Ive come to return your pan. (我跑来是还你锅的) Why have you come? 而不用What24.not.until (连词)方才，才eg.He says that he wont be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。肯定句until 到eg.Youd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天)25.neither.nor. 既不.也不.either.or. 或者.或者.eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word hundred.Either you or she is right. (谓语动词就近原则)both.and. 两者都.eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主语看作复数)重点句型中固定短语的用法（1-15）1.There be 结构a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch.b.There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。c.There is a river near our school.否：There is not a river near our school.问：Is there a river near our school.回答：Yes, there is. No, there isnt.划How many rivers are there near our school?Whats near our school?d.there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to bee.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there?There is going to _ a football match this afternoon.A.have B.watch C.be D.playThey were sure that they were going to _ a rest.A.be B.have C.be on D.on2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps.So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)主语，表示某人也不。eg.Mother has never been to Japan.Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either.c.So主语be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同), 请同学们与a.区别。eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom.B:So he is.=He is really in the class room.3.Its+时间+since动词过去式。自从.起已有.时间了。Its two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了4.祈使句+and (那么).eg.Go straight on and youll see a school. =If you go straight on, youll see a school.5.祈使句+or.否则.eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students.=If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the other.6. The+比较级.，the+比较级. 越.越.eg.The more, the better. 越多越好。The harder you work on it, the better youll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。)7.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样？)8.What.do with.?怎样对付.?怎样处理.?虽