美国文学欣赏Washington_Irving.ppt

WashingtonIrving(1783-1859)“RipVanWinkle”（瑞普凡温克尔),WashingtonIrving(1783-1859),I.PositioninAmericanliteratureII.LifeIII.WorksIV.LiteraryAchievementsV.StyleVI.Contributions,I.PositioninAmericanliterature,FatherofAmericanliterature1.thefirstAmerican(true)literarywriter2.thefirstAmericanmanofletters3.Americasfirstgenuineinternationallybest-sellingauthor,4.thefirstbelletristinAmericanliterature,writingforpleasureatatimewhenwritingwaspracticalandforusefulpurposes-belletristn.纯文学作者,5.thefirstAmericanwritertoearnhislivingsolelybyhispen6.thefirstAmericanliteraryhumorist7.thefirstmodernshortstorywriter8.thefirsttowritehistoryandbiographyasentertainment,9.HisuseofthegothiclooksforwardtoPoe.10.themessengersentfromthenewworldtotheoldworld11.“theAmericanGoldsmith”,MarkTwainalsoiscalledtheFatherofAmericanLiteraturethetrueFatherofAmericanLiterature,II.lifeandliterarycareer,Born:3April1783Birthplace:NewYork,NewYorkDied:28November1859namedforGeorgeWashington;hisparentswereadmirersofGeneralWashington.,Irvingwasbornin1783,theyearinwhichBenjaminFranklinsignedatParisthetreatyofpeacewithEnglandaftertheRevolutionaryWar.,IrvingsmotherwasborninEnglandstudiedlawamusedhimselfbywritingforperiodicalsFrom1804to1806hisolderbrothersfinancedhistourofFranceandItaly.,UnderthepseudonymDiedrichKnickerbocker,hepublishedAHistoryofNewYork(1809),asatirethathasbeencalledthefirstgreatbookofcomicliteraturewrittenbyanAmerican.,In1820,IrvingpublishedTheSketchBookunderthepseudonymGeoffreyCrayon.ThehitbookmadeIrvingthefirstAmericanauthortogainrealfameinEurope.,Thestories(including“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”)appearedseriallyin181920.,TheirenthusiasticreceptionmadeIrvingthebest-knownfigureinAmericanliteraturebothathomeandabroad.,Insearchofcolorfulmaterial,hemadeajourneytothefrontierandwroteabouttheAmericanWestinATourofthePrairies(大草原游记,1835).,Latelife:acolossal5-volumebiographyofGeorgeWashingtonabiographyofChristopherColumbusisstillconsideredaclassic.,Irvingsgrave,III.MajorWorks,(1809:AHistoryofNewYork纽约外史1820:TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.见闻札记Twofolktales:“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”(睡谷传奇)1822:BracebridgeHall布雷斯勃列奇庄园1824:TalesofaTraveller游客谈1835:ATourofthePrairies大草原游记,Style,graceful,refined,fluentanddignifiedsentimental,romantic,IV.Comment,ThefirstAmericanauthortowininternationalrecognitionThefirstprosestylistofAmericanromanticismInhisSketchBookappearedthefirstmodernAmericanshortstories.HisessaysaremodelsofperfectEnglish.Irvingcreatedhumorbythewayhesaidthings:1)Hedelightedinmakingironicremarkswhichsayjusttheoppositeofwhathemeant.2)Heuseddignifiedwordstoproduceahalf-mockingeffect.3)Hewasalsofondofexaggeratingtheseriousnessofsituations.Henotonlyprovidedayoungnationwithhumorous,fictionalaccountsofthecolonialpastbutalsohelpedcreateanAmericanmythologywhichismadeupofstoriesabouttheAmericanpastsowidelyreadastobefamiliartonearlyeveryAmerican.,shortstory,aprosenarrativethatisbriefinnaturealsohasmanyofthesamecharacteristicsofanovelincludingcharacters,settingandplot.,However,duetolengthconstraints,thesecharacteristicsanddevicesgenerallymaynotbeasfullydevelopedorascomplexasthosedevelopedforafull-lengthnovel.,Theshortstoryusuallydealswithasingleepisodeandoftenasinglecharacter.Theshortstoryfrequentlyalsolacksdenouement(n.结局),endinginsteadatitsclimax.,manyauthorswellknownforitincludingEdgarAllanPoe,埃德加爱伦坡OHenry,欧亨利ErnestHemingway,海明威Poefirsttheorizedonthestructureandpurposeoftheshortstory.,RipVanWinkle,2.“RipVanWinkle”,(1)introduction(2)RipVanWinkle:theprotagonist(3)Theplot,(1)introduction,similartoa3rd-centuryChinesetaleofRankaretoldinLionelGilesinAGalleryofChineseImmortalspartofacollectionentitledTheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,ThestoryissetintheyearsbeforeandaftertheAmericanRevolutionaryWar.,(2)RipVanWinkle:theprotagonist,avillagerofDutchdescentlivesinanicevillageatthefootofNewYorksCatskillMountainsanamiablemanwhosehomeandfarmsufferfromhislazyneglectheislovedbyallbuthiswife,(3)Theplot,Oneautumndayheescapeshisnaggingwifebywanderingupthemountains.Thereheencountersstrangelydressedmen,rumoredtobetheghostsofHenryHudsonscrew,whoareplayingnine-pins.,Afterdrinkingsomeoftheirliquor,hesettlesdownunderashadytreeandfallsasleep.Hewakesandreturnstohisvillage,wherehefindstwentyyearshavepassed.Hefindsoutthathiswifehasdiedandthathisclosefriendshavediedinawarorgonesomewhereelse.,HeimmediatelygetsintotroublewhenheproclaimshimselfaloyalsubjectofKingGeorgeIII,notknowingthattheAmerican,Revolutionhastakenplace.,Anoldlocalrecognizeshim,however,andRipsnowgrowndaughtertakeshimin.Ripresumeshishabitualidleness,andhistaleissolemnlybelievedbytheoldDutchsettlers,withcertainhen-peckedhusbandswishingtheysharedRipsgoodluck.,VI.TopicsforDiscussion,1.ComparethedifferentsituationsinthevillageforRipVanWinklebeforeandafterhis20-yearsleep.1)changesinhisfamilyhisdaughtergrewupandmarried;hiswifedied;hisdognolongerrecognizedhim.2)changesinthevillageWhenRipreturned,childrenholleredathimandatfirstnoonerecognizedhim.TheportraitofKingGeorgewasreplacedbythatofWashington;aharangueaboutcitizensrights3)changeinthelifestyle:peacefulinthepastbutnoisyafterRipslongsleep,2.WhatistheauthorsopinionofRipVanWinkle?Andwhatisyours?DoyouagreewithRipsviewastothechangesofstatesandempires?Why?,3.ThisselectionisagoodillustrationofthehumorcharacteristicofIrving.AnalyzehowIrvingcreateshumor.,4.DoyouthinkRipswifeisalsoawell-developedfigure?Howdoesthisfigureimpressyou?,TheprotagonistRipVanWinkle,good-natured,well-oiled,carefree,happy-go-lucky,showingnointerestinpoliticalaffairsalazyfarmerahen-peckedhusband;anirresponsibleheadofhisfamilyagoodneighbor,readytohelpothers,V.Style,Conservativee.g.RipfeltintosleepbeforeAmericanIndependenceandwokeafteritloveofoldworldstradition“anoldgentlemanspeakingEnglishnotAmericanAimofwriting:entertainment,notmoralizing,masterofagracefulandunobtrusively(不引人注意的)sophisticatedprosestyleGentle,refined,lucid,beautifulClassicalinformthoughromanticinsubjectsGoodatcreatingatmosphere,HumorousFinished(精致完美的)andmusicallanguagevividcharacters,VII.Contributions,A.Hewasthe