必修一第五单元知识点.ppt

高一英语秋季课程第五讲,MAINCONTENTS,Vacabulary,Grammar,Haveatry,Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernhero,PARTONEVacabularyPhrase,outofwork失业,出问题,Ifyoudontworkhard,youllbeoutofwork.如果你不好好工作就会失业。,Learnmore,loseheart丧失勇气或信心,Aslongasyoudontloseheart，youwillsucceed.只要不灰心，你会成功的。,fightfor为而斗争;努力争取fightagainst与作斗争fightwith和并肩作战，和打仗/打架/斗争,since=nowthat意为“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。,Learnmore,vote/vt/v.投票，选举;提议;投票表决n.投票，表决;投票数;投票权;决议,Thematterwillbedecidedbyvote.这件事将会通过投票决定。,Womennowhavethevoteinmostcountries.现在在大部分的国家妇女已有选举权。,Aproposaltomergethetwocompanieswasvotedthroughyesterday.两家公司合并的建议已于昨日投票通过。,Beforeitwasfullydiscussed,thequestionwasputtothevote.这个问题还未来得及充分讨论就得交付表决。,Wecalledameetinginordertotakeavoteontheissue.我们召集会议就这一问题进行表决。,Hewasvoteddowninthelastelection.他在上次选举时被击败了。,Imgoingtovoteforthecandidateyouareplanningtovotefor.我打算投票赞成你准备选举的那个候选人。,reward/rIw:d/n.报酬;报答;赏金;酬金vt.酬谢，奖赏;报答,Shedeservesarewardforherefforts.她积极努力，应得到奖赏。,Itisunfairthathegetsverylittleinrewardforhishardwork.他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平。,Hewasgivenarewardforhisgoodservice.他因为良好的服务而获得奖励。,Isthishowyourewardmeforhelping/myhelp?你就这样报答我对你的帮助吗?,Theschoolrewardedhimwithaprizeforexcellenceinhisstudies.他因学习成绩优秀而受到学校的奖赏。,equal/i:kwl/adj.相等的，平等的n.同样的人;相等的数量vt.等于;比得上;使相等vi.相等，相平,advise,advisesb.onsth.就给某人出主意advise+n./pron.建议advisesb.todosth.建议某人做advise(ones)doingsth.建议（某人）做advise+(that)sb.(should)do建议某人应该做某事,freefrom/of不受伤害、影响，免于,Heisfreefromanysenseofresponsibility.他丝毫没有责任感。,asamatteroffact实际上,Asamatteroffact,Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.事实上我从未到过那儿。,Learnmore,setoff出发，动身setup设立，建立；设置，竖起setout陈列，摆出；开始（setouttodosth.）,beactivein=takeanactivepartin积极参与;在活跃,diefrom死于（外因）dieof死于（内因如：饥饿，寒冷，疾病等）diefor为而死,beproudof/takepridein以而自豪,Youshouldbeproudofyourachievement.你应该为你的成就感到自豪。,Theparentsalwaystakeprideintheachievementsoftheirchildren.家长总是对孩子所取得的成绩感到自豪。,thinkhighlyof对评价高,Wethinkhighlyofhisresearchinthisfield.我们对他在这一方面的研究评价很高。,PARTTWOGrammar,定语从句,介词which/whom结构,(1)当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词which/whom”引导；关系副词有时也可以被此结构代替。,TomorrowIwillbringherethemagazine_youaskedfor.TomorrowIwillbringherethemagazine_youasked.,which,(2)关系词whose常用“the名词ofwhich/whom”或“ofwhich/whomthe名词”结构来代替。,(3)“介词which/whom”前可有some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，few等代词或数词，表示部分与整体的关系。,1)Heloveshisparentsdeeply，bothofwhomareverykindtohim.2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples，someofwhichhavegonebad.,Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroom_isbrokenwillsoonberepaired.,注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor，lookafter，takecareof等。,ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.（）,ThisisthewatchwhichIamlookingfor.,2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that。,Themanwithwhoyoutalkedismyfriend.（）,Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.,PARTTHREE,Haveatry!,典例精讲,AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when,解析：先行词是town；从句中缺grewup的地点状语inthetown，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。,B,_hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which,A,解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，位置可前，可中，可后；as代主句整句话的意思，译作“正如”,Romeisaplace_.A.whereIwanttovisitB.whatIwanttovisitC.whichIwanttovisititD.Iwanttovisit,解析：先行词是place；从句中缺visit的宾语，所以应用关系代词which或that引导定语从句，而关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。,D,Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich,解析：way表“方式”，后跟定语从句表示某人做某事的方式时，引导词可以是that或inwhich，还可以省略。,A,Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_itwas20yearsago,_itwassopoorlyequipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.when;that,解析：“whatitwas20yearsago”是is的表语从句，意为“它二十年前的样子”；“whenitwassopoorlyequipped”是定语从句修饰20yearsago。,A,Iwalkedinourgarden,_TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that,解析：先行词是garden；从句中缺地点状语inthegarden，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。,C,Ifashophaschairs_womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where,解析：先行词是chairs；从句中缺park的地点状语inthechairs，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。,D,Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.where;whereB.which;whereC.where;thatD.that;that,解析：“wherethebridgeissupposedtobebuilt”是定语从句修饰先行词place；“wherethecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest”是be的表语从句，意为“过河交通最拥挤的地方”。,A,Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?Right,justtheone_youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what,解析：先行词是one，代词代town；从句中缺work的地点状语inthetown，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。,B,Isthisthefactory_colourTVsetsareproduced?A.whereB.thatC.theoneD./,解析：把主句还原成陈述句“Thisisthefactory”，可见主句完整，故后面是定语从句修饰先行词factory，从句中缺areproduced的地点状语inthefactory，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。,A,课堂练习,1.那天，曼德拉告诉我该怎么做并且还帮我的忙，这是我一生中最高兴的日子。,Theday_NelsonMandelatoldme_andhelpedmewasoneofthehappiestdaysofmylife.,2.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。,Thelastthirtyyears_thegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogressuntiltodaywehavereachedastage_wehavealmostnorightsatall.,3.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。,4.我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。,5.非常遗憾的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。,Onlythen_decideto_violencewithviolence.,Wewereputinaposition_wehad_toacceptwewerelessimportant,_fightthegovernment.,SadlyIdidnothavethispassbookbecauseIwasnotbornthereandIwaswhetherIwouldbe_.,高考链接,RosaParkswasbornonFebruary4,1913inAlabama,America.ShespentherchildhoodinAlabama.Attheageof11,shewenttotheMontgomeryIndustrialSchoolforGirls.Later,sheworked_1_aseamstress(女裁缝)inMontgomery.,as,1.workas担任；以身份而工作,RosaParkshasbeencalledthe“motherofthecivilrights_2_”andoneofthemostimportantpeopleofthe20thcentury.Intheearly1950s,thebussysteminMontgomery,asinmanypartsoftheUnitedState,wassegregated(隔离的).Blacksneededtoboard(上车)thebusatthefront，buytheirtickets,andthenreboardthebusinthe_3_.,movement,back,civil/sIvl/adj.公民的；民间的,2.movementn.运动；活动,segregate/segrIgeIt/vt.使隔离；使分离；在实行种族隔离,Sometimes,theywerentabletogetonthebusagainbeforeitdroveaway.Theywerenot_4_tositinthefrontofthebus,whichsometimesmadeitdifficulttogetoffattherightstop.Even_5_theyweresittinginthe“blacksection(区)”,theywerestillrequiredtogivetheirseatsupto_6_passengersifthe“whitesection”wasfull.,allowed,if,white,4.被动语态。此处意为“被允许”,getoffv.动身；免于受罚；从下来；脱下（衣服等）,5.evenif意为“即使，虽然”,InDecemberof1955,RosaParksrefusedtogiveupher_7_onacitybustoawhitepassenger.Thebusdriverhadherarrested.Shewasaccusedofviolating(违反)alocallaw.,Heractencouragedacity-wideboycottofthebussystem.Theboycottintroducedthecountry,seat,refuse/rIfju:z/n.垃圾；废物vt.拒绝；不愿；抵制vi.拒绝,arrest/rest/vt.逮捕n.逮捕；监禁,accuseof谴责，控告,boycott/bIkt/vt.联合抵制；拒绝参加n.联合抵制,toaclergyman(牧师)namedMartinLutherKing,Jr.,_8_ledthedemonstrationwiththewords:“Therecomesatimethatpeoplegettired”.Eventually,theU.S.SupremeCourt(最高法院)madeadecisionoutlawingsegregationoncity_9_.InDecember1956,Montgomeryspublic