被动语态-精讲

,被动语态Ernie.Wang,Dec.1,2015,被动语态基本概念,当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态形式：be+过去分词，不同时态通过be表现出来。,主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)A.主动语态主语是动作的执行者。Weplantedthetree.B.被动语态主语是动作的承受者。Thetreewasplantedbyus.,两种语态,Why？为何使用被动语态,1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen我的自行车被盗了。3.强调动作的承受者时；如：Thesonycompanywasattackedbyhackers;,3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，19894、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：Max是被Paul叫来的。MaxisaskedtocomebyPaul5、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”等时。例如：ItissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseandItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知Itiswellknownthat据推测说Itissupposedthat写作常用系列习语。,被动语态的形式,Bedone随时态变化,各种时态下的被动语态,一般现在时,Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Historyismadebythepeople.Confuciusworksarestillreadbymanypeopletoday.,一般过去时,Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.Thelostboywasfoundatthestreetcornerlastnight.TheEiffelTowerwascompletedin1889.,一般将来时,Theclassroomwillbecleanedbyustomorrow.EasonChenwillalsobeaskedtoappearinfilms.Moresubwaylineswillbebuiltinsixmonths.,过去将来时,Shesaidtheclassroomwouldbecleanedbyustomorrow.Timsaidthenewhotelwillbebuiltinthefuture.,现在进行时,Theclassroomisbeingcleanedbyus.Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.Theroadisbeingrepaired.,过去进行时,Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedbyusyesterdaythistime.Theroadswerebeingwidenedthen.ThenewhousewasbeingpaintedwhenIgothome.,现在完成时,Theclassroomhasbeencleanedbyus.Theseplantshavebeengrownwithouttheuseofanychemicals.Theworkhavebeenfinished.,过去完成式,Theclassroomhadbeencleanedbyusfewdaysago.AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgothereHetoldmethattheworkhadbeenfinished.,将来完成时,Itoldthemtheclassroomwillhavebeencleanedbyusinonehours.ManynewbuildingswillhavebeenbuiltinLondonbynextyear.,过去将来完成时,FewdaysagoItoldtheteacherthattheclassroomwouldhavebeencleanedbyusin2days.Thedaywasdrawingnearwhenthereserviorwouldhavebeencompleted.,练习,WorkersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschoolWellputontheplaynextSundayTheyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear,基本句式第四种：主谓直接宾语间接宾语,1.Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruits(byhim)yesterday.Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriend(byhim)yesterday.2.Heboughtherawatch.Shewasboughtawatch(byhim).Awatchwasboughtforher(byhim).,Fathermademeadoll.Adollwasmadeforme.(x)Iwasmadeadollbymyfather.Hewroteheraletter.Aletterwaswrittentoher.(x)Shewaswrittenaletterbyhim.MyauntsewedmeaskirtAskirtwassewedformebymyaunt.(x)Iwasmadeaskirtbymyaunt.,基本句式第四种：主谓直接宾语间接宾语间接宾语作主语时：间接宾语be过去分词（原）直接宾语直接宾语做主语时：直接宾语be过去分词介词（原）间接宾语*部分双宾动词(如bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,write等），直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for),有些双宾动词(如answer,deny,envy,refuse,save,spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：Heansweredmethatquestion.Iwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.(x)Thatquestionwasansweredmebyhim.,有宾语补足语的主动语态时，不足以放在过去分词之后，其位置虽然保持不变，但语法功能改变此时宾语补足语不再是宾语补足语，而是主语补足语。TheywillmakeBeijingmorebeautiful.Beijingwillbemademorebeautiful(bythem).Childrensawtheballoonsrising.Theballoonswereseenrising(bychildren).Hesawathiefstealsomethingfromtheroom.Athiefwasseentostealsomethingfromtheroom.,主语谓语宾语宾语补足语被动语态：（原）宾语be过去分词宾语补足语by原主语的宾格,Helooksafterhergrandmother.Hergrandmotherislookedafterbyher.Atruckisrunningoverabag.Abagisbeingrunoverbyatruck.,主语不及物动词介词宾语被动语态：（原）宾语be过去分词介词by原主语宾格,由情态动词构成的被动语态主语情态动词be过去分词,WecaneasilydownloadmusicfromtheInternet.MusiccanbeeasilydownloadedfromtheInternet.They