中考英语任务型阅读题型分析及复习策略

中考英语任务型阅读题型分析及复习策略泉州市城东中学 赖丽萍 2001年，我国教育部颁发的英语新课程标准倡导任务型的教学模式，要求教师依据课程的总体目标并结合教学内容，灵活地和有创造性地使用教材，设计贴近学生实际的教学活动，吸引和组织他们积极参与，并在此过程中培养学生用英语解决实际问题的能力，让学生学会用英语“做事”。任务型教学中包含的一个很重要的组成部分就是任务型阅读。新课程背景下英语中考命题以全面地考查学生的综合语言运用能力为宗旨，特别是要考查学生在具体情境中运用英语知识与技能的能力。任务型阅读正是新课程改革精神在中考中的体现。什么是“任务型阅读”任务型阅读是“阅读理解”的另一种形式，考查学生归纳概括能力和语篇结构理解能力。其内容涉及广泛，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，完成一项任务或解决一个问题。所以“任务型阅读”是介于阅读理解和写作之间，其任务已不同于阅读理解中的选择题或书面表达，而是在理解文字的基础上，完成相应的图表或文字练习，从而有效地测试学生用英语“做事”的能力。“任务型阅读”题型分析任务型阅读主要考查学生收集信息、整理信息的能力，是对语言应用能力的考查，是培养学生阅读兴趣的一种很好的题型。它考查的题型多样，可以是翻译句子，也可以是改写句子，可以是填写表格，也可以是回答问题。根据对任务设计的要求不同可将其分为三类：1阅读选择配对根据阅读材料中所提供的语言信息找出与题意要求相匹配的选项。这种选择题和四选一的题目不同,可以是选择句子或图片。做题时可以从易到难,抓住关键词,从文章中找出符合要求的对应关系。 例1：下面是五张卡片，分别要送给五个人，他（她）们的个人信息已提供在图片下面请你仔细阅读卡片内容和人物信息，在每张卡片的横线上填上正确的人名。 Mary is in hospital.Simon is working in another city for four weeks.John has just started a new job.Karen will start her final exams next week.Ann cleaned her friends house when her friend was on holiday. 2.阅读填写词语根据短文或表格所提供的语言信息，以填写词语的方式完成文后各题，其形式主要有回答问题、完成句子、补全信息、填写表格、制定各种规则等。这种题目中所填的词或词组往往具有很高的概括性和准确性，因此,考生必须认真阅读材料,尽可能地从短文中找到所要填写的词语 例2：阅读下面短文，完成信息卡：According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)(疾病控制预防中心)，if you dont often wash your hands, you can pick up viruses(病菌) from many places and make yourself ill. Youre at risk every time you touch your eyes, nose or mouth. In fact, one of the most common ways people catch colds is by rubbing their noses or their eyes when there are cold viruses on their hands. If you dont often wash your hands, especially when youre sick, you may spread the viruses directly to others, You should wash your hands in the following situations:After using the bathroom.After blowing your nose or coughing.Before eating, serving or preparing food.After toughing pets or other animals.After visiting anyone who is sick.When your hands are dirty.Theres right way to wash your hands. Follow these simple steps to keep your hands clean.Use warm water(not cold or hot).Wash for 15 seconds.Rinse(冲洗)well under warm running water and dry them with a clean towel.Information CardWay to protest against(防止) the spread of illness(1) .Correct way to wash your handsUse running water which is (2) .Situations in which you must wash your handsAfter using the (3) .Before having (4) .After visiting (5) people.Time needed to wash your hands(6) .3阅读改写句子 这种题目要求考生在阅读材料的基础上,根据命题要求,改写文中划线的句子,或将文中的某一个句子译成英语等。这一形式涉及到写，就应当特别注意书写规范、拼写无误、语法正确等。例3：阅读下面的短文，按要求完成各题。If you think youre too shy and want to be a little bit braver, try the following. You can make it. Theres no need to hide it. When they get to know you are a shy kid, theyll understand you better. This also helps you feel more at ease in talks. When you smile, people think you are friendly and easy to talk to. Re- member that other people have feelings too and most people will stay away from an angry-looking face. If you find it hard to start talks, say something nice about people around you. Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesnt it make you want to keep talking to that person? Get your attention elsewhere. Think more about ways to enjoy the party or the game. Dont waste time worrying about your looks or whether people like you or not. Each time after you say hi or smile at someone for the first time, say to yourself I did it! Or it could be something bigger, like buying yourself an ice cream.Keep trying and one day youll never be shy when you talk to others.1. This also helps you feel more at ease in talks. (选择可以替换划线部分短语的选项)A. relaxed B. interested C. nervous2Most people will stay away from an angry-looking face. People dont want to talk to the person who _ _ (将上句改写成同义句)3Dont waste time worrying about your looks or whether people like you or not. (请将此句翻译成汉语)“任务型阅读”的复习策略“任务型阅读”虽是新设的题型，但在我们的教材中并不陌生。新教材许多单元的阅读材料都以任务型阅读为主，而且任务设计形式丰富多样。那么如何在复习备考中使学生适应并掌握这一题型呢？1整体感知“任务”，了解“任务阅读”俗话说“知己知彼，百战不殆”。为了理解和掌握“任务型阅读”，学生必须有感性认识作基础。因此，在复习之前，教师应该让学生明白“任务”的内涵，告诉学生什么是任务型阅读理解，它的具体要求和任务形式有哪些等等。教师可从教材入手，根据学生的学习兴趣和语言水平，选取课文中的任务型阅读作为例题分析，然后让学生找出教材中更多的任务类型进行归纳，只有让学生对任务型阅读有较全面的了解，熟练掌握解题技巧，做起题目方能得心应手，游刃有余。精选阅读题材，激发阅读兴趣好的阅读材料能够使学生体验学习英语的乐趣，树立学好英语的自信心。因此，在阅读教学中阅读材料的选择极其重要。选材要有趣味性 “兴趣是人的认识需要的心理表现，它使人对某些事物，优先给予注意，并带有积极的情绪色彩。”一篇令人感兴趣的文章能使学生保持一种激情去读完整篇文章。所以，在选材时教师可以选择一些学生感兴趣或和他们学习生活相关的话题内容，通过文字材料加以训练。比如，让对足球十分感兴趣的学生阅读一篇关于足球知识的文章，他从这篇文章中所获得的语言知识远胜过他读10篇小故事。因此“兴趣”是最好的老师，当学生对阅读材料产生兴趣时，就能收到事半功倍的效果。当然，选择的材料必须内容丰富，各种类型的题材都应有所体现。 （2）选材要有实效性。 所谓时效性，也就是所选材料要与时俱进，紧跟形势。人人都有好奇心，特别是对于初中学生，更是如此，他们对周围的事物充满着好奇，关注热点问题，教师选择如建设节约型社会（节约水、电）、环境保护（污染、濒危动物）、奥运话题（学习英语、运动与健康、环保）等内容的阅读材料，能让学生感到活动的内容与他们的需求和身心发展一致时，使他们产生共鸣，教学内容就更容易内化，从而激发学生兴趣而达到完成任务的目的。因此，如果教师选择了一些贴近学生生活的阅读文章，就会在满足了学生好奇心的同时，也完成了对语言的输入，达到“润物细无声”的效果。 （3）选材要有针对性。材料应适合全体学生参与，而不仅仅是让优秀学生参加；最好设计成若干种形式，使不同水平的学生都能参与并完成。3实施分层教学，增强阅读信心美国著名教育家布卢姆认为学生的学习潜能是很大的，他相信只要教育得法，绝大多数学生都是可以掌握学校里交给他的各种知识技能的。因此在教学过程中， 教师可针对学生的个体差异，实施分层次教学，设计如下多层次的教学目标：树立C层学生的自信心，培养他们学习兴趣，帮助他们养成良好的学习习惯：侧重B层学生的基础知识及语言运用能力的培养：加大A层学生的阅读量用综合语言运用的能力的训练。在具体的课堂教学中，教师可针对不同层次的学生设计不同难度的任务，使各层次的学生均能有所收获。如下面是一则任务型阅读的分层设计：Kangkangs father is a doctor. When SARS, a kind of serious disease, spread in Beijing, he took an active part in the battle against it. He left his wife and his son to work in the Xiaotangshan Hospital. He cared for the patients day and night. He couldnt go home and he could only talk with his family on the phone. “Do you miss your family?” asked a reporter. “Yes, of course. But Im a doctor. Its my duty to save the patients,” Doctor Lee answered Answer the following questions.1. What does Kangkangs father do?.2. Whats the name of the serious disease?.3. Where did Kangkangs father work?.4. Could Kangkangs father go home?.5. Did Kangkangs father miss his family?.6. How can Kangkang talk with his father?.7. What do you think of Kangkangs father?.8. If you are a doctor, please give some advice against SARS.C层学生回答前4道直接可以从课文中找到答案的问题。做对了就给予表扬，使其得到成功的激励。B层学生如果做出前6道题，给予鼓励，增进其递进意识。但对于A层学生则要求8道题都要做，而且要争取全对，提高其竞争意识，并在这基础上要求他们能口头复述课文主要内容。通过分层教学，可使每位学生的学习要求合理，目标明确，在学习过程中人人都有展示自我的机会，既激发不同层次学生的学习欲望，又避免阅读时优等生主动，中等生被动，后进生不动的局面，达到优等生强化、中等生优化、后进生转化的目的。结束语 虽然任务型阅读考查的是学生理解、归纳、判断等能力，特别是解决实际问题的能力，但阅读内容浅显，易于理解。题目设计既不是直接地呈现答案，也不增加解题的弯度。命题人往往从中等水平学生的认知能力出发。故教师在复习迎考时，应充分发挥学生的主观能动性，激发学生的学习兴趣。只要学生掌握了正确的解题技巧，加上有效的训练，一定能很好地掌握这一题型。参考文献：中华人民共和国教育部 英语课程标准（实验稿），北京师范大学出版社，2001年2葛文山 “简论任务型教学模式在基础英语教学中的实施”， 中小学英语教学与研究，2003年3杨希洁差异教学，中国轻工业出版社，20044Jim GreenlawProject English，湖南教育出版社，2007年阅读短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。注意：第76-79小题必须各用一个完整的句子回答；第80小题可用13个句子回答。A terrible explosive noise was heard, immediately followed by strong shaking of the classroom building. Mrs Li Lan, a country school teacher in Sichuan, who was giving a class, could hardly keep on her feet, and many of her pupils made panic cries. Mrs Li realized at once that it must be a powerful earthquake hitting the area. Though she herself was scared, she managed (设法) to make the children calm down, opened the door right away and told the children to leave the classroom and get down to the playground as quickly as possible.When all the children had left, she followed them to the first floor. The earth still kept moving violently (巨烈地). Some of the buildings nearby were falling down, and a great number of falling stones were rolling down from the hills behind the school. Suddenly, she found a little boy fell over and was hit by a big stone right on his body. She forgot the danger she was facing and ran over, trying to push the stone away. The stone was so big that it was not easy for her to move it. She kept pushing until the boy was pulled out, carrying him to the center of the playground. The boy was later sent to hospital and saved.76. What kind of disaster(灾难) happened in the story?_77.What were the children doing when the disaster happened?_78. What was Mrs Lis action when she saw the boy under the stone?_79. Did Mrs Li fear death in the face of great danger?_80. What do you want to say after you finish reading the story?_2008年山东中考题Think of life as a game in which you are playing with five balls in the air. You name them work, family, health, friends and spirit (精神) and you keep all of them in the air. You will soon understand that work is a rubber ball. If you drop it, it will bounce (弹跳) back.But the other four balls, family, health, friends and spirit, are made of glasses. If you drop one of these, they will be broken. They will never be the same. You must understand that and try to have balance in your life. How?Dont look down on your worth by comparing yourself with others. It is because we are different and each of us is special.Dont let other people set goals for you. Only you know what is best for yourself.Dont give up when you still have something to give. (83) Nothing is really over until the moment you stop trying.Dont be afraid to fight difficulties. It is by taking chances that we learn how to be brave.Dont shut love out of your life by saying its impossible. (84) The quickest way to receive love is to give it; the fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly (紧紧地); the best way to keep love is to give it wings.Dont run through life so fast that you forget not only where youve been, but also where you are going.Dont be afraid to learn. Knowledge is weightless. Its a treasure (珍宝) you can always carry easily.Dont use time or words carelessly. You cant get them back.Life is not a competition, but a trip, step by step.Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery (秘密), and today is a gift: thats why we call it “the present”.A. 根据短文内容简要回答问题。81. What are the five balls of life?_82. Please say something about knowledge according to the passage._B将短文中划线的两个句子译成汉语。83. _84. _C 请给短文拟一个适当的标题。85._2008年山西中考题阅读下面短文，简要回答所给问题。Thumbs Down to Texting 屈指发短信Do you have a mobile phone? Do you send text messages to your friends and family?Text messaging or “texting” is becoming very popular. But, scientists have discovered that texting can give us problems with our hands. Be careful! Too much texting can cause swelling in our thumbs. Our thumbs were not made for pushing small buttons, over and over . Scientists call this problem RSI. We spoke to a doctor called Harriet Wilson, who treats many sick people with RSI. She says we need to see how much time we are spending in typing text messages. If we are spending more than 10 ?C 15 minutes at once, we could have problems in the future.As mobile phones develop, they are getting smaller with buttons closer together. Texting with a smaller phone is worse than using a larger phone with bigger buttons. Using a com