北京获得2022年冬奥会主办权(双语)

Beijing was awarded the hosting rights to the 2022 Winter Olympics on Friday, setting up the Chinese capital to become the first city to stage both the Summer and Winter Games.周五，中国首都北京获得了2022年冬季奥运会的主办权，它将成为世界上首个同时举办过夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。Members of the International Olympic Committee, which is holding its annual congress in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, this week, voted in favor of Beijing, which hosted the Summer Olympics in 2008, over its lone competitor, Almaty, Kazakhstan. The vote was 44 to 40, a margin that was far smaller than many observers had predicted given the familiarity of Chinese organizers with voters and the relative anonymity of Almaty in the sporting community.本周正在吉隆坡举办年度全体会议的国际奥委会（International Olympic Committee，简称IOC）成员进行了最后投票，曾在2008年举办夏季奥运会的北京以44：40的微弱优势战胜了唯一的对手哈萨克斯坦的阿拉木图。这一差距远远小于此前许多观察人士的预计，考虑到IOC成员对中国主办方的熟悉程度，而阿拉木图不太为人所知。While many nations, including the United States, have hosted both the Summer and Winter Games, no single city had been able to persuade I.O.C. voters that it had the requisite infrastructure, financial resources and climate necessary to pull off such a double.虽然包括美国在内的很多国家都同时举办过夏季和冬季奥运会，但没有哪个城市曾说服IOC投票者相信，它拥有举办这两种赛事必不可少的基础设施、财力资源和气候条件。中国张家口，当地民众在广场上排练庆祝北京赢得申奥的舞蹈。Jason Lee/Reuters中国张家口，当地民众在广场上排练庆祝北京赢得申奥的舞蹈。Beijing, it should be noted, did not necessarily do that, either, but it won over the delegates with an elaborate plan that uses some well-known venues from the Summer Games, including the Birds Nest stadium and the Water Cube arena, in addition to relying on an elaborate artificial snow-making operation to account for the fact that its surrounding region has few mountains and, generally, fewer inches of actual snow.需要指出的是，北京也未必具备所有这些条件，但它以一份周密的计划书赢得了代表们的信任。这份计划书显示，除了依靠人工造雪来解决北京周边地区山脉少且降雪相对匮乏这样一个现实问题，他们将重复利用北京夏季奥运会的一些知名场馆，包括鸟巢和水立方。Nonetheless, Beijing has presented the 2022 Games as a catalyst to help develop the mostly dormant interest in winter sports among the 300 million people in northern China. China has already created a special program, said to have cost roughly $30 million, that is designed to produce athletes in sports with little history in the country, like Nordic combined skiing and the sliding sports luge, skeleton and bobsled.而且，北京显示，要把2022年奥运会当作催化剂，帮助中国北方地区的3亿人口发展对冬季运动的兴趣，此前，他们中的大多数人较少展开相关运动。中国已经创建了一个特别项目，据说要花费约3000万美元（约合1.86亿人民币）培养在中国发展历史比较短的运动项目的运动员，比如北欧混合式滑雪、无舵雪橇、有舵雪橇和钢架雪橇运动。“Summer or Winter Games, they all represent the Olympic ideals,” Yao Ming, the former N.B.A. star who retired in 2011, said at a news conference before the vote. “Its the right time, the perfect time, for the Olympics to return to Beijing.”不管是夏季还是冬季奥运会，它都代表着奥林匹克的体育精神，2011年退役的前NBA球员姚明在IOC进行投票之前的一个新闻发布会上说道。他还表示，奥林匹克重回北京，现在正是时候，这个时机再好不过。Beijing plans to stage the so-called city events hockey, figure skating and speed skating downtown, while the sliding and skiing events will be held at venues in Yanqing and Zhangjiakou, about 40 and 90 miles outside Beijing. A planned high-speed rail line to Zhangjiakou is supposed to cut travel time to less than an hour, though Chinese organizers no doubt wary of the I.O.C.s renewed sensitivity to skyrocketing Olympic budgets have said repeatedly that the rail project should be seen as separate from the Olympic bid.北京计划在市区举办冰球、花样滑冰和速度滑冰这几项所谓的城市项目，而将雪橇和滑雪项目放在延庆和张家口的一些场馆举行，这些场馆分别位于北京以外40和90英里（后者约合145公里）远的地方。一个计划中的高铁项目将使北京和张家口两地的路程缩小到1小时之内，尽管中国主办方已经反复表示，这个高铁项目应该被视为独立于冬奥之外的建设项目。他们显然知道IOC再度对奥运会预算飞涨比较敏感，十分警惕自己有此嫌疑。Either way, there is no denying that Beijings hosting model involves two distinct venue clusters with significant distance between them. Almaty, on the other hand, had attempted to position itself as the opposite to what it suggested was Beijings manufactured bid Almatys slogan was, pointedly, “Keeping It Real” and the former Kazakh capital cited the compact nature of its city. It also frequently noted that its nearby mountains were covered with genuine snow.无论如何，北京的冬奥会的运作都必然涉及在两个距离相当远的不同场馆集中地举办赛事。而在另一边，阿拉木图此前一直试图将自己定位为北京策略的对立面。它暗示北京的策略过多强调人为因素。阿拉木图的申奥口号相当尖锐，是“保持真实”，这个前哈萨克斯坦首都指出自己的城市特征是小巧紧凑，还反复强调其周边山峦上覆盖着天然积雪。All the venues in Almaty, organizers said, would have been within an 18-mile radius, and 70 percent of the necessary venues were in place before the vote, allowing the Almaty infrastructure bid to be based around a total budget of $6 billion. Beijings budget is expected to be much larger, although its organizers repeatedly stated that the combined costs were about $3 billion a figure that does not include, for example, the cost of the high-speed rail line.阿拉木图主办方表示，他们的所有场地都在18英里半径范围内，而70%的必备场馆在IOC投票之前都已存在，这使得他们举办冬奥会的基础设施预算总计只有大约60亿美元。北京的预算预计要大得多，尽管主办方反复申明，其合并成本为30亿美元，而这一数字没有包含那条高铁线路和其他一些项目的造价。The cost of hosting an Olympics has become a recurrent talking point for Thomas Bach, the I.O.C. president. One of Mr. Bachs primary initiatives, known as Olympic Agenda 2020, is essentially an overhaul of the bidding process. The goal is to force cities to lower infrastructure costs and thus broaden the pool of potential bid cities but also to meet basic human rights conditions before they will be fully considered.举办奥运会的费用已经成为IOC主席托马斯巴赫(Thomas Bach)一再谈起的话题。他提出的主要计划之一奥林匹克2020议程(Olympic Agenda 2020)实质上是对申奥程序的一次全面改革。它的目标是迫使申办城市降低基础设施费用由此也增加潜在申办城市数量，同时促使它们在被真正纳入考虑范畴之前能满足基本的人权状况要求。This election was the final one before the rules of the Agenda 2020 program take effect, and many critics of the bidding process noted that it was, in many ways, a fitting coda. Bidding for the Winter Olympics, which are both significantly smaller and less popular than the Summer Games, has always been difficult, but this race was particularly rocky.这次申奥活动是奥林匹克2020议程计划生效之前的最后一届，很多对这次申办过程提出批评的人士指出，它在很多方面都可以说是一个恰当的结尾。冬奥会规模较小，也没有夏季奥运会那么受欢迎，申办这一赛事总是比较困难，但这次角逐显得尤为波折。Four European cities, including winter havens like Oslo and Stockholm, pulled out of the race after initially expressing interest; all cited various political or financial concerns, as well as soft public support. Those departures left behind only two viable candidates, both of which came with question marks.包括曾经举办过冬奥会的奥斯陆和斯德哥尔摩在内，有四个欧洲城市最初曾对申办表示出兴趣，但在之后退出了这次竞争，他们都列举了各种政治和财务方面的原因，以及疲软的公众支持。这四个城市退出后，只留下两个具备可行性的候选城市，而它们都有让人存疑之处。The global political concerns with Chinas government are well known, and Minky Worden, the global initiatives director at Human Rights Watch, said the current human rights situation in China might best be described as “the worst crackdown in the post-1989 period across the board.” There was also concern over Beijings environmental situation, as air pollution has continued to be a problem and some experts have questioned how the proposed snow-making operation would affect the region ecologically.众所周知，全世界都对中国政府存在政治方面的顾虑。人权观察组织(Human Rights Watch)全球倡导总监胡丹(Minky Worden)认为，中国目前的人权状况可以最贴切地描述为，“自1989年以来最严厉的全盘打压局面。”此外，人们还有对北京环境状况的担忧，那里的空气污染依然是个问题，有些专家已经开始质疑，申奥计划提出的造雪措施会如何影响这一地区的生态环境。Almaty, too, would have presented its own political and human rights issues. A former Soviet republic, Kazakhstan has been led by the same president, Nursultan Nazarbayev, since 1989 and only gained its independence in 1991. Government-imposed limitations on free speech and freedom of assembly through arrests and violence, as well as exhaustive media censorship, are just some of the restrictions faced by Kazakh citizens, according to local activists.阿拉木图也有它的政治和人权问题。作为一个直到1991年才赢得独立的前苏联加盟共和国，哈萨克斯坦自1989年以来一直由同一个总统努尔苏丹纳扎尔巴耶夫(Nursultan Nazarbayev)领导。当地活动人士表示，政府通过逮捕和武力手段限制言论自由和集会自由，对媒体报道实行严格审查，而这些只是哈萨克斯坦公民所受限制的一部分。Mr. Bachs Agenda 2020 plan would, hypothetically, make these sorts of problems more germane to future bidding votes, but it was not clear what sort of role if any human rights concerns played in Fridays decision.按说，巴赫制定的奥林匹克2020议程将会进一步加强这类问题与未来奥运活动申