中国政法大学在职硕士校考英语试题DA

英语考试题公共英语部分put the following passage into Chinese :1，Critics of early schoolling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal learning . educatoonkindergarten Children who turn five during the later half of the year seem to be at a dis Advantage when it comes to physical，emotional，socialbeing bright and verbally skill ful and being ready for school do not seem to Be the same thing .it is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophish dication of many of today s children with inner maturity。indeed，Evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs : young sters whose parents push them to attain academic success in preschool arrangs对早期教育的批评引用了有关4岁儿童是否准备接受正规教育的研究报告。教育工作者发现，年龄大的孩子在学业上更容易成功，年龄小的孩子更容易失败。幼儿园学生在5岁的时候面临的身体、精神、社会和智力发展似乎不顺利。另外，6岁左右的孩子上幼儿园的时候往往取得更好的成绩，在学业上比刚5岁的幼儿园取得更好的成绩。天生聪明，有语言表达技能，不等于准备上学。今天，大部分内在成熟的孩子表面上的自信和机敏很容易混淆。有证据表明早期教育会适得其反。也就是说，父母要求在幼儿园进行应试教育的他们的创造力不足，对考试的不安感，以及幼儿园结束后，与没有接受应试教育的孩子相比，无法保持学业上的第一优势。many psycho logist and educator s remain skepical of approachs that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting . they question whethesthey do not deny，however，The value of day-carecenters And nurm sery schools that provide a home like environment And allow children coolsbut they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now expected of them in kindergarten，And they worry lest more and more很多心理学家和教育工作者仍然对4岁儿童接受正规教育表示怀疑。他们质疑丰富的环境能否大大改变贫困家庭孩子的成长日程。并不否认保育院、幼儿园的舒适环境、让孩子们自由玩耍、自由成长、提高社交能力的各种优惠。但是，他担心过去孩子在小学一年级学习的知识现在是在幼儿园学习的状态，越来越多的孩子被要求在4岁开始学习。这些心理学家和教育工作者认为，家长遇到成龙，夺走了他的童年。2，incountry after country，talk of non smokers right is in the air .while a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet，Some 30 nations have introducted legislive steps to control smoking。many laws have been introducted in other countries to help clear the air for non mokers，or to cut cigarette conumption。in some developed countries the conumption of cigarettes has become more or less stabilized . how ever，in many developing nations，cigarettesfor example，Great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell ciga rettes in the middle east and north Africawhere u . s . tobaccosmoking is harmful to the health of people . world governorments should conduct serious camppaigns against it . restrictions on cigarette advertisesbut world attention also is focususing on another step which Will make the smoker increasingly self-consious and un comfortable about his habitgreat efforts should be made to inform young people especally of t He dradful conequence of taking up the habit .and cigarette price should be boosted。In the long run，there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether，but people are not ready for such多个国家正在讨论不吸烟者的权利问题。到目前为止，大多数国家几乎还没有采取措施，已经在30个左右的国家采取了限制吸烟的法律程序。其他国家为不吸烟的人制定了多项法律，以净化空气或减少香烟消费。在一些发达国家。香烟消费逐渐稳定。但是在很多发展中国家，吸烟作为经济发展的象征，到了年，也受到了鼓励。随着更多的烟草公司走上国际化的道路，他们在这些国家寻找新的市场，以确保更多的吸烟者。吸烟对人们的健康有害。世界各国政府应该开展严重的反对吸烟运动。限制香烟广告、警告每包香烟对人的健康有害、禁止在某些公共场所吸烟(如剧场和餐馆)是许多国家支持非吸烟者和控制吸烟的最常用方法。同时，人们集中在另一项措施上。这项措施会使吸烟者越来越意识到自己的坏习惯，对此感到不安。必须做出巨大的努力，让年轻人知道吸烟的危险，尤其是吸烟习惯可能产生的可怕后果。而且香烟的价格必须提高。从长远来看，如果能完全禁止吸烟，每个人的境况就会大大改善，这是毋庸置疑的。但是不准备采取这种极端措施。3，we are told the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen；That in Britain，for instance，several million on people see each issue of the current affairs programme，panorama . it is true that neveneventthis kind of Exposure may well be A point of departure for acquiring certain important intelliants and imaginative qualifities，width of judgmentthe mass media cannot build the cathedral，And their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build .for the stones are presented within a self-contained and self-sufficient w Orld in which，it i