实例-灵性和生活质量.ppt

AMeta-analysisofSpiritualityandQualityofLife,PresentedbyRickSawatzky,MSN,RNCo-Investigators:Dr.P.Ratner,PhD,RNDr.L.Chiu,PhD,RN,Background:Spiritualityinthecontextofhealth,ConceptualthemesofspiritualityExistentialExperientialMeaningandpurposeTranscendentConnectedness/RelationshipPower/Force/Energy,Chiu,L.,Emblen,J.,VanHofwegen,L.,Sawatzky,R.,PubMED;EMBASE;HEALTHSTAR;PsychINFO;SOCIALSCIENCESCITATIONINDEX;SCIENCECITATIONINDEXEXPANDEDandtheARTSANDHUMANITIESINDEXForwardandbackwardcitationsearchesBrowsingKeywordsSpiritual(ity),Religion/Religiosity/Religiousness,Transcendent/Transcendence,Existential,TranspersonalandSacred(ness)QualityofLife,Well(-)Being,Life-Satisfaction,Excludedstudies,CasestudiesQualitativestudiesStudiesthatmeasuredqualityoflifebasedonexternalindicatorsorasingledimensionStudiesthatmeasuredspiritualitybasedonthefrequencyofreligiousorspiritualpracticesorbehaviorStudiespriorto1991StudiesnotreportedinEnglish,SearchResults,Totalsearchdatabase:3,040citationsAfterinitialscreeningofcitation371studyreportsofpotentialinterestwereidentifiedandretrieved59studieswereexcludedbecausethestudywasacasestudy,aqualitativestudyorwasnotreportedinEnglish.200studieswereexcludedbecausemethodologicalinclusioncriteriapertainingtothemeasurementofspiritualityorqualityoflifewerenotmet.60studieswereexcludedthecriteriaforcalculatinganeffectsizewerenotmet.1studywasexcludedbecauseitreportedfindingsonthesamesampleasanotherstudy.Finalsamplesize:62primaryESsfrom51studies,Design:Coding,StudycharacteristicsSettingResearchdesignSamplingmethodSamplecharacteristicsAge&genderReligiousaffiliationCulturalbackground,CharacteristicsoftheinstrumentsClassificationofinstrumentsTypeofscales,#ofitemsPsychometricinformationEffectsizedataStatisticstocalculatetheeffectsize,Design:StatisticalAnalysis,ConvertprimaryfindingstoacommonmetricWeighprimaryESsbyinversevariancesWeighprimaryESsbyinstrumentreliabilitycoefficientsAnalyzethedistributionforNormalityHomogeneityExamineformoderatingvariablesFixed,randomormixedmultivariateanalyses,SampleDescription,Ethnicbackground(reportedfor55%)Caucasian/“white”:67.6%AfricanAmerican/“black”:23.7%SouthAmerican:5.8%Asian:0.8%Hispanic:0.4%Other:1.8%,59ESsderivedfrom48studiesTotalparticipantpool:22,554,SampleDescription,Religiousaffiliation(reportedfor19.7%)Protestant:34.7%Catholic:35.2%Jewish:4.1%Hindu:0.1%Islam:0.1%Noreligiousaffiliation:9%Other:14.9%Unkown:1.9%,OperationalDefinitionsofSpirituality,Results:DistributionofESs,Results:FinalDistribution,MeanEffectSizes,Mixedeffectmodel,TrimmedMixedEffectsModel,95%CIAssociatedwithEachCategoricalGroupofQOLInstrumentsasRevealedbytheANOVAAnalysis.,Implications,TheoreticalConfidenceinamoderateeffectsize(asdefinedbyCohen,1988)FailsafeN:151studieswithr=0.00wouldbeneededtoreducethemeaneffectsizeto.10.Spiritualityasauniqueconceptinrelationtoqualityoflife,Implications,OperationalThemeasurementofspiritualityandqualityoflifeexplainsasignificantproportionofthevarianceMeanESvariesbetween.23and.50forspiritua