2013年12月四级测试模拟题1及答案

A Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another persons personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain.B The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 75O,OOO Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized.C Identity theft is “an absolute epidemic”, states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy, “Its certainly picked up in the last four or five years. Its worldwide. It affects everybody, and theres very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you cant detect it until its probably too late.”D Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, your personal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victims) names. In many cases, a victims losses may include not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous information for which the criminal is responsible.E According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to a successful online job search is learning to manage the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the Internet.F Check for a privacy policy. If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site you are considering has a privacy policy, like CareerB. The policy should spell out how your information will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be opening yourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors (推销员）.When reviewing the sites privacy policy, youll be able to delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. You wont necessarily want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, the moreexposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive.G Take advantages of site features. Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objectives and the level of risk you are willing to assume. CareerB, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadest employer audience possible. The second is anonymous (匿名的)posting. This allows job seekers the same visibility as those in the standard posting category without any of their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose which pieces of contact information to display. The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post a resume without having it searched by employers. Private posting allows job seekers to quickly and easily apply forjobs that appear on CareerB without retyping their information.H Safeguard your identity. Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search outjobs is to conceal their identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic (泛才旨 的)identifier, such as “Intranet Developer Candidate ”, or “ Experienced Marketing Representative ”. You should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use a general description of the company such as “Major auto manufacturer,” or “International packaged goods supplier.” If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigned by your employer.I Establish an email address for your search. Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event someone you dont know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others. Using an email address specifically for your job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesnt contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as salesmgr2QQ4.J Protect your references. If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references, take it out. Theres no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references.K Keep confidential (机密的)information confidential. Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, drivers license, and bank account numbers or other personal information, such as race or eye color. Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Dont provide this even if they say they need it in order to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the bookdont fall for it.46. Those who post their resumes online for a long time will run an increased risk of becoming victims of identity theft.47. Robert Ellis Smith says that identity theft is spreading around the world and hard to detect beforehand.48. Victims of identity theft may suffer additional financial losses in order to restore their reputation and correct wrong information.49. In the US, 750,000 people are estimated to become victims of identity theft each year.50. It is a safer way to find a job online when you use an email account specifically.51. One is supposed to learn how to manage the risks if he or she is going to seekjobs online safely.52. Standard posting allows fullest potential audience to browse through the resumes posted online.53. Honest employers will not ask their initialjob applicants to reveal their social security account, drivers license or bank account numbers.54. Make sure that your email address will not be named in a way that could let out your personal information.55. Job seekers are advised to describe the company they are serving right now in a general way instead of giving an exact name.Part Translation (30 minutes) （原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去的七年，中国的房地产(real estate)业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市 拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府 近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经 取得了初步的成效。答案解析：Part Listening Comperhension26. groundbreaking 创新的27. quantify 量化28. concentration 集中，专心29. Previous 先前的30. a range of 一系列31. obesity 肥胖32. lead to 导致33. at risk处于危险中34. fatigue 疲劳35. couples 夫妻Part Reading ComprehensionSection B46. F。题干意为，将简历长时间放在网上的人身份被盗用的风险会增加。注意抓住题干关键词post their resumes online for a long time和increased risk。文章段落中论及将简历长时间放在网上会增加风险的内容在F段，该段最后一句提到，你的简历在网上求职信息网页上存留的时间越长，遭到的正面或负面性的曝 光就会越多，由此可以推断，求职信息在网上存留时间越久，身份就越可能被盗用，题干正是此意，故本题答案为F。47. C。题干意为，Robert Ellis Smkh称身份盗用行为正遍及世界各地，而且难以察觉。注意抓住题干关键词 Robert Ellis Smith、identity theft、around the world和detect。文章段落中论及身份盗用泛滥和难以事先察觉 的内容出现在C段，该段首句提到了 Robert Ellis Smkh认为身份盗用“绝对是一种流行病”，下文中Robert Ellis Smkh又明确指出身份盗用已经成为世界性的行为，它难以察觉，往往是在你发现时已经晚了。这与 题干表述的含义是一致的，故本题应选C。48. D。题干意为，身份盗用的受害者可能会为了挽回名誉并纠正错误信息而遭受额外的经济损失。注意抓 住题干关键信息 Victims of identity theft、additional financial losses、restore their reputation 和correct wrong information。文章段落中论及身份盗用受害者遭受额外经济损失的内容出现在D段，该段末句提到，（身 份盗用）受害者的损失不仅仅包括现款损失，而且还包括为了恢复名誉和纠正错误信息所支付的额外经济 损失，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为D。49. B。题干意为，在美国每年估计有75万人成为身份盗用的受害者。注意抓住题干关键词the US、750,000 people和estimated。文章段落论及美国身份盗用受害者人数统计的内容出现在B段，该段第二句提到，一 份最近的官方报告估计，每年有多达75万美国人成为身份盗用受害者。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转 述，故答案为B。50. I。题干意为，使用专门的电子邮箱账号在网上找工作是个比较安全的办法。注意抓住题干关键信息find a job online、email account和specifically。文章段落论及使用专门的电子邮箱账号在网上找工作的内容出现 在I段，该段第二句提到，在网上找工作时保护隐私的另外一个办法是为在网上找工作专门开通一个电 子邮箱账号。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为I。51. E。题干意为，如果人们想在网上安全地找工作就应该学会如何控制风险。注意抓住题干关键信息 manage the risks。文章段落中论及在网上找工作要学会控制风险的内容出现在E段，该段第二、三句以问 答的形式指出，成功的网上求职（既要发布求职信息又要保护自己）的关键在于学会控制风险。由此可见， 题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为E。52. G。题干意为，“标准（简历）投放方式”可以使投放在网上的简历被最多的潜在读者浏览到。注意抓住题 干关键信息Standard posting、fullest potential audience和browse through。文中段落论及Standard posting的内 容出现在G段，该段第五、六句提到，第一种方式是“标准（简历）投放方式”，这种方式可以使投放简历 的求职者让最广泛的潜在读者最有可能看到自己的简历。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为G 。题干中的fullest potential audience与原文中的the broadest employer audience possible对应。53. K。题干意为，诚实的雇主不会要求最初的求职者透漏自己的社保账号、驾驶执照或银行账号等信息。注 意抓住题干关键信息honest employers、job applicants和reveal their social security account、drivers license or bank account numbers。文章段落中论及雇主对求职者的要求的内容出现在K段，该段第二、三句提到， 求职者不应分享社保、驾照、银行账号或种族、眼睛颜色等其他个人信息，诚实的雇主不需要最初的求职 者透露这些信息。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为K。54. I。题干意为，要确保你的电子邮箱地址的命名方式不会泄露你的个人信息。注意抓住题干关键信息 make sure、email address、be named 和 let out your personal information。文中段落论及电子邮箱命名的内容出 现在I段，该段第五句提到，在给新电子邮箱命名时，要确保邮箱名中不含有你的名字或其他会泄露你的 身份的信息。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为I。题干中的make sure与原文中的be sure对 应,let out your personal information 与 give away your identity对应。55. H。题干意为，建议求职者描述自己目前所供职的公司时应该以宽泛的方式而不是直接给出具体名 称。注意抓住题干关键信息describe the company they are serving right now、in a general way和giving an exact name。文中段落论及求职者描述所供职公司的方式的内容出现在H段，该段倒数第二句提到，要 使用诸如“重要汽车生产商”、“国际包装货物供应商”等宽泛的称谓描述你的公司，由该段上文内容可 知，这里所说的公司就是指求职者目前仍供职的公司。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案 为 H。Part TranslationIn the past seven years, Chinas real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.难点精析1.房地产业：翻译为real estate industry。2.前所未有的高速增长：翻译为a record high speed。3.鉴于这一状况：可以根据上下文的语境转译为for this reason。4.采取一系列的措施：翻译为take a series of measures。5.取得初步成效：翻译为achieve initial effects。A Last July, Julie Baldocchi，s mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasnt prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldnt handle her mothers care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasnt willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldnt do it all,” she says. “But I didnt even know how to find help.”B With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, youre never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mothers stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.C While many parents lack an advance care directive, its the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on anothers behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) “Its invaluable for the kids, because its hard to make those decisions for a parent,” says Jennifer Cona, an elder- law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parents legal guardian, says AgingC.D Its important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents，preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But its not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their childrens financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth.E Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesnt pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home. F Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, its not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isnt covered by Medicaid.G If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according toAARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.H Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parents finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mothers home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasnt able to get around as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. “I always knew that this was the role that I would have, and I guess my mind was prepared for it,” says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. “When you get into the trenches, its literally baptism by fire,” she says. “New things come up. Its not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. Its everything,” she says.I Caregivers need to also watch their own health. “There is such a thing as caregiver burnout, ” Cona says. Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife. “Its a hard job,” Walker says. “But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand. Its only natural that I be here for her now.”46. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.47. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their childrens financial motives.48. Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.49. The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment.50. Baldocchi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.51. Over 42 million ca