Chapter5 Polysystem.ppt

,Zohar,Chapter5Polysystem,2010.12.15,ItamarEven-Zohar,GideonToury,I.Even-Zohar（埃文佐哈尔）,ProfessorofUniversityofTelAvivOneofforerunnersoftranslationstudiesWorks:“PapersinHistoricalPoetics”历史诗学论文集(1978),Polysystem,2.1DefinitionPolysystemreferstoentirenetworkofcorrelatedsystems-literaryandextraliterary-withinsociety.Polysystemtheoryisusedtoexplainthefunctionofallkindsofwritingwithinagivenculture.,2.2BorrowedConceptsfromTynjanov,SystemHierarchyDefamiliarizationMutation,Feature:partiallylinguistic,However,generallackofconcernforfaithfulnesstothesourcetextdidnotinfluencetheidentityoftranslatedtext.,GOAL:acceptabletranslationintargetculture,2.2Traditionalmodelvs.Tourysmodel,Source-textorientedtheory,Target-textorientedtheory,Basis:Differencebetweenlanguages.,“everylinguisiticsystemand/ortexualtraditiondiffersfromanyotherintermsofstructurerepertorynormsofusage.”(P126),Focus;cultual-linguisticcontext,Translationequivalence,Functional-dynamicequivalence,Focus:correctnessfaithfulness,Metatext,Metatext(byHolmes)Earlytranslationstudiesregardtranslatedasmetatext,measuredandevaluatedincomparisonwithsourcetextorsomeidealizedinterpretationofthatinitialversion.,2.3Target-textorientedtheory(moredetails),Twopoles:adequacy&acceptability,Notranslationiseverentirely“adequate”totheoriginalversionbecausetheculturalnormscauseshiftsfromthesourcetextstructures.,Notranslaitoniseverentirely“acceptable”tothetargetculturebecausesomenewinformationandformswillbeintroducedtothesystem.,translation,Source-text,Target-text,Theeventualgoal:Toestablishahierarchyofinterrelatedfactorsthatdeterminethetranslationproduct.Inshort,Tourydemandedthattranslationtheoryincludecultural-historical“facts”,asetoflawsthathecalls“translationnorms”.,IIITourysTranslationNorms,CenterofTourystheory,“TheNatureandRoleofNormsinLiteraryTranslation”文学翻译规则的本质和功用,Classification,Preliminarynorms(初步常规),Initialnorms(首要常规),Operationalnorms(操作常规),Preliminarynorms(初步常规),Involvingfactorssuchaswhichgovernthechoiceoftheworkandtheoveralltranslationstrategywithinapolysystem.TranslationdefinitionvaryhistoricallyCulturalcontexttranslationprocess,Individualtranslatorschoicetosubjectoneselfeithertotheoriginaltextwithitstextualrelationsandnormsortargetcultureslinguisticandliterarynorms,orsomecombinationthereof.,Initialnorms(首要常规),Acturaldecisionsmadeduringthetranslationprocess.,Operationalnorms(操作常规),Question:Whatistherelationshipamongthesenorms?Inthetranslationprocess,willallthesenormsbecovered?,PolysystemtheoryinformingTourysmodel:,Intermsofinitialnorms,thetranslationattitudetowardthesourcetextisaffectedbytextspositioninthesourceculturesliterarypolysystem.,Intermsofoperationalnorms,alldecisionsareinfluencedbythepositionof-centralorperipheral-heldbytranslatedliteratureinthetargetculturepolysystem.,Orignalintent:Translationnormsbycomparativelyexaminingseveraltranslationsofoneoriginaltextcarriedoutindifferentperiodsbyvarioustranslators.(comparisontooriginalandvarioushistoricallyboundtexts),Actualsituation:Invokesanidealinvariantthirdtextthatisthe“adequatetranslation”(abstractlinguisticandliterarytheory.),Orignalintent:Translationnormsbycomparativelyexaminingseveraltranslationsofoneoriginaltextcarriedoutindifferentperiodsbyvarioustranslators.(comparisontooriginalandvarioushistoricallyboundtexts),Actualsituation:Invokesanidealinvariantthirdtextthatisthe“adequatetranslation”(abstractlinguisticandliterarytheory.),IVCommentonTourysIdeas(GentzlerP131),Theabandonmentofone-to-onenotionsofcorrespondenceaswellasthepossibilityofliterarylinguisticequivalence(unlessbyaccident).(放弃一对一的对应主张以及文学或语言上等值的可能性（除非偶然）),Theinvolvementliterarytendencieswithinthetargetculturalsystemintheproductionofanytranslatedtexts.(将目标文化系统中的文学倾向应用到所有译文中),Thedestabilizationofnot