海商法_Maritime_Law_PPT.ppt

MaritimeLaw,Welcometothewonderfulworldofmaritimelaw!,Time,MaritimeLawistaughtatthefollowingtimethissemester:,StudyResources,TextsThetwoleadingtextsonmaritimelaware:TheLawofAdmiraltyShippingLaw,初级（大一大二，这段时间要多看些民商等基础法律）,1.中华人民共和国海商法中、英文本北京：人民交通出版社2.海牙规则威斯比规则、汉堡规则（英文版）3.海商法/魏文达编著北京：法律出版社4.海商法/於世成等著北京：法律出版社5.中国海事审判年刊专著/金正佳主编北京：中国交通出版社6.中国交通出版社海商法学/吴焕宁主编北京：法律出版社7.中国典型海事案例评析/金正佳主编北京：法律出版社8.租船实务与法律郭萍大连海事大学出版社,中级：（大三大四）,1.航运实务丛谈/杨良宜著,大连海事大学出版社，这套书要看四本：国际贸易法期租合约承租合约海事法2.海上货物运输法尹东年、郭瑜人民法院出版社3.提单法律制度研究/郭瑜著北京：北京大学出版社4.金康合约，NYPE合约46/93（英文版），安特卫普规则5.英国海上货物运输法美国海上货物运输法6.海商法/吉尔摩著，吴焕宁、杨召南译，中国大百科全书出版社,高级(研),1.CarriageofGoodsBySea2.VoyageCharters3.TimeCharters4.CIFandFOB5.ShippingLaw6.TheLawofAdmiralty7.Admiralty,Internetresources,/http:/www.standard-,国内网站：中华人民共和国交通部中华人民共和国商务部中国航运网中国涉外商事海事审判网中国远洋运输（集团）公司中国民商法律网中国海事仲裁委员会中国海事网台湾长荣国际公司.tw/中国外轮代理公司,TABLEOFRULES,1877YorkAntwerpRules1924HagueRules1968Hague-VisbyRules1972InternationalRulesforthePreventionofCollisions1973YorkAntwerpRules1978HamburgRules,CONTENTS,CHAPTER1AdmiraltyJurisdictionandMaritimeLawCHAPTER2ShipsanditsRightsinRemCHAPTER3ContractofCarriageofGoodsbySeaCHAPTER4BillsofLadingCHAPTER5CharterpartiesCHAPTER6CollisionsCHAPTER7SalvageCHAPTER8TowageCHAPTER9GeneralAverageCHAPTER10LimitationofLiability,CHAPTER1ADMIRALTYJURISDICTIONANDMARITIMELAW,Contents:OriginsofMaritimeLawTheInternationalDimensionAdmiraltyJurisdictioninTortCasesAdmiraltyJurisdictionincontractCasesInternationalOrganisations,ORIGINSOFMARITIMELAW1.ConceptofMARITIMELAW2.TheHistoryofMARITIMELAW3.MaritimeCodeofthePeoplesRepublicofChina,ConceptofMARITIMELAW(Admiralty)Thelawofadmiralty,ormaritimelaw,maytentativelybedefinedasacorpusofrules,concepts,andlegalpracticesgoverningcertaincentrallyimportantconcernsofthebusinessofcarryinggoodsandpassengersbywater.,TheHistoryofMARITIMELAWTheearliestsea-codeLexRhodiaThemedievalsea-codes(theRulesofOleron)LexOleronLexConsolatoLawsofVisbyBlackBookoftheAdmiralty,MaritimeCodeofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaMaritimeCodeofthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasadoptedatthe28thMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheSeventhNationalPeoplesCongressonNovember7,1992,promulgatedbyOrderNo.64ofthePresidentofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaonNovember7,1992,andeffectiveasofJuly1,1993,ThisCodeisenactedwithaviewtoregulatingtherelationsarisingfrommaritimetransportandthosepertainingtoships,tosecuringandprotectingthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofthepartiesconcerned,andtopromotingthedevelopmentofmaritimetransport,economyandtrade.MaritimetransportasreferredtointhisCodemeansthecarriageofgoodsandpassengersbysea,includingthesea-riverandriver-seadirecttransport.TheprovisionsconcerningcontractsofcarriageofgoodsbyseaascontainedinChapterIVofthisCodeshallnotbeapplicabletothemaritimetransportofgoodsbetweentheportsofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.,Questions:1.WhendidMaritimeCodeofthePeoplesRepublicofChinacomeintoeffect?2.Whatistheearliestsea-codeinthehistoryofMaritimeLaw?,TheInternationalDimensionAcargoofironoremaybepurchasedfromanAustralianminingcorporationbyJapanesedealersinordertofulfillacontractwithaWestGermansteelmanufacturingcompanyThecargomaybeputaboardaGreek-ownedPanamanian-registeredbulkorecarrieratTownsville，QueenslandforavoyagetoHamburgThevesselmaythencollidewithaBritishregisteredBritishownedoiltankercarryingoilbelongingtoaUnitedStatesoilcompany，andtheorecarrierbelostwithitscargoandthecoastsofPapuabepollutedbytheescapingoilTheinsurersofthevariousships,cargoesand1iabilitiesmaybefoundinEnglandJapanandtheUnitedStates,AdmiraltyJurisdictioninTortCases1.Thetortoccurredonnavigablewaters2.Thetortboresomerelationshiptotraditionalmaritimeactivity.Theterm“navigablewatersoftheUnitedStates”isatermofartthatreferstobodiesofwaterthatarenavigableinfact.Thisincludeswatersusedorcapableofbeingusedaswaterbornehighwaysforcommerce,includingthosepresentlysustainingorthosecapableofsustainingthetransportationofgoodsorpassengersbywatercraft.Toqualifyas“navigablewaters,”bodiesofwatermust“formintheirordinaryconditionbythemselves,orbyunitingwithotherwaters,acontinuedhighwayoverwhichcommerceisormaybecarriedonwithotherStatesorforeigncountriesinthecustomarymodesinwhichsuchcommerceisconductedbywater.”,Exercises:Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse1.Abodyofwaterneedflowbetweentwostatesorintotheseatobenavigable.2.Man-madebodiesofwater,suchascanals,maynotqualifyasnavigablewaters.3.Navigablewatersneednotbenavigableatalltimes.,Caseinpoint:ExecutiveJetAviation,Inc.v.CityofCleveland,ThiscaseheldthatfederalcourtslackedadmiraltyjurisdictionoveranaviationtortclaimwhereaplaneduringaflightwhollywithintheU.S.crashedinLakeErie.Althoughmaritimelocuswaspresent,theCourtexcludedadmiraltyjurisdictionbecausetheincidentwas“onlyfortuitouslyandincidentallyconnectedtonavigablewaters”andbore“norelationshiptotraditionalmaritimeactivity.”,AdmiraltyJurisdictionincontractCasesFocusedonthesubjectmatterofthecontractSuitsoncontractsforthecarriageofgoodsandpassengers;forthecharteringofships(charterparties);forrepairs,supplies,etc.,furnishedtovessels,andforservicessuchastowage,pilotage,wharfage;fortheservicesofseamenandofficers;forrecoveryofindemnityorpremiumsonmarineinsurancepolicies.,InternationalOrganisationsIMOtheInternationalMaritimeOrganizationCMItheComitMaritimeInternationaleBIMCOtheBalticandInternationalMaritimeConference,IMOtheInternationalMaritimeOrganizationTheleadingmaritimeagencyistheInternationalMaritimeOrganisation(IMO)，whichwas，until1982theIntergovernmentalMaritimeConferenceOrganisation(IMCO)IMOwasestablishedin1959onthecomingintoforceofaConventionagreedatGenevain1948forthesettingupofastandingmaritimeconference：beforetheSecondWorldWarinternationalmaritimeconferenceswerearrangedadhocforparticularpurposesBecauseofitsorigin，IMO,althoughitsmembershipisopentoallUNmembers，beganasanorganisationsupportedbynationswithparticularinterestsinshipping，whetherascarriersorshippersIMOhastwomajoractivecommittees，itsSafetyCommitteeanditsLegalCommitteethefirstgaveusSOLAS，theConventiononSafetyofLifeatSeatheInternationalCollisionRegulationsandthevariousTrafficSeparationSchemesthatoperateincontestedshippinglanesThesecondproducedthevariouspollutionconventions,includingtheConventiononLiabilityfor0ilPollution(CLC)，theInterventionConventionandmanymoreaswelltheAthensConventionontheCarriageofPassengersandtheirLuggageandthe1976LimitationConvention,CMItheComitMaritimeInternationaleTheInternationalMaritimeCommittee,ortheComitMaritimeInternationale(CMI)，whichisanorganisationcomposedofnationalMaritimeLawAssociationsItwasestablishedatthebeginningofthetwentiethcenturyandiscontinuouslyactiveItsmainfunctionhasbeentomakedraftsforinternationalconventionsalthoughitisoftennottheofficial“depositary”oftheconventionwhenmadeThustheCMIhasbeenresponsibleforthe1910CollisionConvention，theHagueandHague-VisbyRules，the1952ArrestConventionandmanymore,BIMCOtheBalticandInternationalMaritimeConference,TheBalticandInternationalMaritimeConference(BIMCO)wasformedin1905byshipownersbutitalsoincludesshipbrokersandP.IClubsinitsmembershipItsprimaryfunctionhasbeentorepresenttheinterestsoftrampshippingbutithasalsoarrangedforthedraftingorapprovalofalargenumberofstandardlegalshippingdocuments：therearenowmorethan100approvedforms，charterparties，billsofladingandotherdocumentsincludingsuchwellknownexamplesastheGuenonandBaltimecharters,CHAPTER2SHIPSANDITSRIGHTSINREM,Contents:1.ConceptofShipsanditsCharacteristics2.TypesofShips3.Registration4.OwnershipofShips5.MortgageofShips6.MaritimeLiens7.PossessoryLien,ConceptofShipsanditsCharacteristics,1.DefinitionShipasreferredtointhisCodemeanssea-goingshipsandothermobileunits,butdoesnotincludeshipsorcrafttobeusedformilitaryorpublicservicepurposes,norsmallshipsoflessthan20tonsgrosstonnage.Thetermshipasreferredtointheprecedingparagraphshallalsoincludeshipsapparel.,Questions:WhichofthefollowingbelongstotheshipsinMC?A.shipsorcrafttobeusedforpublicservicepurposesB.warshipC.shipsof18tonsgrosstonnageD.mobileseadrillingplatform,2.ItsCharacteristicsPersonificationChattel(realproperty)Synthetic,TypesofShips,Registration,1.Registrationisgenerally,butnotalways,thetestofavesselsnationality.2.AshipwhichsailsundertheflagsoftwoormoreStates,usingthemaccordingtoconvenience,maynotclaimanyofthenationalitiesinquestionwithrespecttoanyotherState,andmaybeassimilatedtoashipwithoutnationality.3.ShipshavethenationalityoftheStatewhoseflagtheyareentitledtofly.TheremustexistagenuinelinkbetweentheStateandtheship.,RvBjornsen(1865)12LT473CCRAmurdertookplaceinashiponthehighseas.TheshipflewtheBritishflag,andthemanaccusedofthecrimewaslatertaketoEnglandandputontrial.Inordertoestablishjurisdiction,evidencewasputforwardtoprovetheshipwasBritish,includingdocumentsshowingthattheportofregistrationwasLondonandthatLondonwastheplaceofbusinessoftheOwner.However,overridingproofwasproducedthattheownerwasanalien(non-British),thattheshipwasforeign-builtandthattheofficersandcrew,includingtheaccusedman,werealiens.,OwnershipofShips,Theownershipofashipmeanstheshipownersrightstolawfullypossess,utilize,profitfromanddisposeoftheshipinhisownership.Theacquisition,transferenceorextinctionoftheownershipofashipshallberegisteredattheshipregistrationauthorities;noacquisition,transferenceorextinctionoftheshipsownershipshallactagainstathirdpartyunlessregistered.Thetransferenceoftheownershipofashipshallbemadebyacontractinwriting.Whereashipisjointlyownedbytwoormorelegalpersonsorindividuals,thejointownershipthereofshallberegisteredattheshipregistrationauthorities.Thejointownershipoftheshipshallnotactagainstathirdpartyunlessregistered.,MortgageofShips,Therightofmortgagewithrespecttoashipistherightofpreferredcompensationenjoyedbythemortgageeofthatshipfromtheproceedsoftheauctionsalemadeinaccordancewithlawwhereandwhenthemortgagorfailstopayhisdebttothemortgageesecuredbythemortgageofthatship.Theownerofashiporthoseauthorizedtherebymayestablishthemortgageoftheship.Themortgageofashipshallbeestablishedbyacontractinwriting.Themortgageofashipshallbeestablishedbyregisteringthemortgageoftheshipwiththeshipregistrationauthoritiesjointlybythemortgageeandthemortgagor.Nomortgagemayactagainstathirdpartyunlessregistered.,MaritimeLiens,Amaritimelienistherightoftheclaimant,totakepriorityincompensationagainstshipowners,bareboatcharterersorshipoperatorswithrespecttotheshipwhichgaverisetothesaidclaim.,ItslegalCharacteristics,indeliblesecretnon-consensualinchoatenon-possessory,Whatkindofmaritimeclaimsshallbeentitledtomaritimeliens:,(1)Paymentclaimsforwages,otherremuneration,crewrepatriationandsocialinsurancecostsmadebytheMaster,crewmembersandothermembersofthecomplementinaccordancewiththerelevantlabourlaws,administrativerulesandregulationsorlabourcontracts;(2)Claimsinrespectoflossoflifeorpersonalinjuryoccurredintheoperationoftheship;(3)Paymentclaimsforshipstonnagedues,pilotagedues,harbourduesandotherportcharges;(4)Paymentclaimsforsalvagepayment;(5)Compensationclaimsforlossofordamagetopropertyresultingfromtortiousactinthecourseoftheoperationoftheship.,PossessoryLienThepossessorylienmeanstherightoftheshipbuilderorrepairertosecurethebuildingorrepairingcostoftheshipbymeansofdetainingtheshipinhispossessionwhentheotherpartytothecontractfailsintheperformancethereof.Thepossessorylienshallbeextinguishedwhentheshipbuilderorrepairernolongerpossessestheshiphehasbuiltorrepaired.,Question?Whatistherankofcreditorsrights?A)mortgageofshipsB)maritimeliensC)possessorylienD)comoncreditorsright,TheIoannisDaskalelis19741LloydsRep174，SupremeCourtofCanadaOn20December1961thevesselIoannisDaskaleliswasmortgagedtothedefendantsInMarch1963theplaintiffsrenderednecessaryrepairstothevesselatNewYork，butthesumduetothemwasnotpaidInJune1964thevesselwassold，andthequestionarosewhethertheplaintiffsclaiminrespectoftherepairshadpriorityoverthedefendantsmortgage,CHAPTER3ContractofCarriageofGoodsbySea,Contents:1.ConceptofContractofCarriageofGoodsbySea2.CarrierObligationandLiability3.ShipperObligationandLiability,ConceptofContractofCarriageofGoodsbySeaAcontractofcarriageofgoodsbyseaisacontractunderwhichthecarrier,againstpaymentoffreight,undertakestocarrybyseathegoodscontractedforshipmentbytheshipperfromoneporttoanother.Carriermeansthepersonbywhomorinwhosenameacontractofcarriageofgoodsbyseahasbeenconcludedwithashipper;Actualcarriermeansthepersontowhomtheperformanceofcarriageofgoods,orofpartofthecarriage,hasbeenentrustedbythecarrier,andincludesanyotherpersontowhomsuchperformancehasbeenentrustedunderasub-contract;TheprovisionswithrespecttotheresponsibilityofthecarriercontainedinthisChaptershallbeapplicabletotheactualcarrier.Whereboththecarrierandtheactualcarrierareliableforcompensation,theyshalljointlybeliablewithinthescopeofsuchliability.,CarrierObligationandLiabilityMaketheShipSeaworthyproperlyandcarefullyload,handle,stow,carry,keep,careforanddischargethegoodscarried.MaterialdeviationisnotallowedIssueBillsofLading,ToMaketheShipSeaworthyThecarriershall,beforeandatthebeginningofthevoyage,exerciseduediligencetomaketheshipseaworthy,properlyman,equipandsupplytheshipandtomaketheholds,refrigeratingandcoolchambersandallotherpartsoftheshipinwhichgoodsarecarried,fitandsafefortheirreception,carriageandpreservation.,ElderDempsterb)Thepersonbywhomorinwhosenameoronwhosebehalfthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrierinvolvedinthecontractofcarriageofgoodsbysea;,ShipperResponsibilitiesPaythefreightgoodsproperlypackedandprovideallrelevantinformationsPerformallnecessaryproceduresforexportspecialdutiesonshipmentofdangerousgoods,CHAPTER4BillsofLading,Contents:1.BillsofLadingandtheirFunctions2.ApplicationoftheHague/VisbyRules3.BillsofLading-theHamburgrules4.BillsofLadingissuedunderCharterparties5.MultimodalTransport,BillsofLadingandtheirFunctions,1.Definition2.Three-rolefunction3.Billsofladingandthirdparties4.Problemsinpresentationofabilloflading,Definition:Adocumentwhichevidencesacontractofcarriagebyseaandthetakingoverandloadingofthegoodsbythecarrierandbywhichthecarrierundertakestodeliverthegoodsagainstsurrenderofthedocument.,Three-rolefunction,(a)areceiptforthegoodsonboard；(b)bestavailableevidenceofthecontractofcarriage；and(c)adocumentoftitle,BillsofladingandthirdpartiesLiabilityintortLeighandSillivanLtdvAliakmonShippingCoLtd,TheAliakmon1986AC785LeighandSillivanwerebuyersofacargoofsteelcoilsThecoilsweredamagedbybadstowage，whichcausedcrushing，condensationandthenrustThedamagewasdoneatatimeWhentherisk，butnotthelegalpropertyinthegoodshadpassedtothebuyers.Thespecialtermsofthepurchasecontractagreedbetweenthebuyersandthesellersofthesteelmeantthat，intheunusualcircumstancesofthecase，thebuyershadnorightofactionincontractagainsttheownersofAliakmon.Thefollowingextractdealswiththeclaimmadebythebuyersagainsttheshipownersintort,GlynMillsCurrieandifuponthevoyagethespeedbereducedbydefectinorbreakdownofanypartofherhull,machineryorequipment,thetimesolost，andthereof,anda11extraexpensesshallbedeductedfromthehire,NetlossoftimeItmeansthatonlytheactual(net)lossoftimeistakenintoaccountwhencalculatingtheperiodoverwhichitisintendedtoplacetheshipoff-hireTheprincipleofnetlossoftimecanproducetheanomalythatashipcanbewhollyorpartiallydisabledbutstillthecharterermaynothavesufferedalossoftimeinactualfact,ForestshipsInternationalLtdvArmoniaShippingandFinanceCorp,TheIraI995ILloydsRep103FactsTheIrawastimecharteredontheNYPEform.ThepartiesagreedthatafterdischargingcargoatRavenna，thevesselwoulddrydockinGreece.ThevesselproceededtoPiraeuswhereitwasdrydocked.Whenthevesselwasreadytoresumecharteredservice,thecharterersfixedthevesseltoloadacargoatNovorossiyskintheBlackSeaThechartererscontendedthatthevesselwasoff-hirefromdroppingtheoutwardpilotatRavenna；theownersarguedthatalmostnoneofthedurationofthevoyagefromRavennatoPiraeuswaslostsincePiraeusis，withaveryslightdeviation，ontheroutefromRavennatotheBlackSea.Theoff-hireclauseprovidedthatIntheeventoflossoftimefromdrydockingpreventingthefullworkingofthevesselthepaymentofhireshallceaseforthetimetherebylostThedrydockingdidnotcausethechartererstolosethewholeofthetimeoccupiedbythevoyagefromRavennatoPiraeusandthevesselwasnotthereforeoff-hireforthewholeofthatperiodQuestions:1.Doyoufavorthecharterersargument?Andwhatareyourreasons?,EventspreventingthefullworkingofthevesselItiswellestablishedcaselawthattheincidentwhichgivesrisetotheformingofanintentioninthecharterersmindtooff-hiretheshipisonewhich,ifthecharterersactionistosucceed，mustpreventthefullworkingofthevesselAsintheinterpretationofanyclausewhichisthebasisforanydispute，therearegreyareas，probablythemostcommonlymetbeingwhentherearedifficultieswiththecargoonboardresultingindelaytotheship,TheAquacharm19802LloydsRcp.237ThevesselwasperformingatimechartertripontheNYPEformTheMasterwasunderinstructionstoloadtomaximumdraftcontemplatingpassagetothePanamaCanal,butomittedtoallowforthetransitingofafreshwaterlakebeingpartofthecanalsystemHewasdeniedentryandforcedtodischargesomecargotoadjusthisdraftforcanaltransitThechartererscontendedthatthelackofacorrectdraftcausedtheshiptobeunfitforperformingtheserviceimmediatelyrequired,Reasonsforoff-hireDeficiencyofmenorstores(人员或者物料不足)Breakdownordamagetohull,machineryorequipment(船体、船机或者设备的故障或者损坏）Detentionbyaveragetoshiporcargo（船舶或者货物遭受海损事故而引起延误）Drydocking（船舶入干坞）,RedeliveryofthevesselProvisionisnormallymadeinthecharterforthevesseltoberedeliveredtoitsownerataspecifiedportorrangeofportsinlikegoodorderandcondition,ordinarywearandtearexcepted.Onfailuretofulfilthisobligation，thechartererwillbeliableindamagesshouldsuchfailureresultfromabreachofanyofhisobligationsunderthecharterparty.Moreover，theobligationwillextendtocoveranydamagetothevesselforwhichthechartererisresponsibleundertheemploymentandindemnityclauseOpinionsare，however，dividedastowhetherornottheclauseimposesastrictobligationonthecharterertoreturnthevesselingoodorder.Inviewofthefactthattheownernormallyundertakestomaintainthevesselinathoroughlyefficientstatethroughoutthecharter，itisarguablethatthecharterersresponsibilitydoesnotextendbeyonddamagecausedbyhimselforresultingfromcompliancewithhisorders,LegitimateLastVoyage（合法的最后航次）IllegitimateLastVoyage（非法的最后航次）,CHA