寄生虫病的诊断.ppt

第四章,寄生虫病的诊断,第一节临床诊断,一、流行病学分析了解有关的流行因素、中间宿主、储藏宿主、媒介昆虫；当地的气候、水土、植被情况等等。二、临床症状观察一般症状：消廋、贫血、下痢、水肿特征性症状：高热、贫血、黄疸、血尿（巴贝斯虫病）,三、病理学诊断病理解剖：找出特征性病变病理组织学检查：发现典型病变和各发育阶段虫体剖检时如发现相应的虫体即可确诊。,第二节病原检查,主要对动物的粪便、尿液、血液、组织液、体表及皮屑进行检查查出虫卵、幼虫、成虫或其碎片以及原虫各发育期虫体即可确诊。,一、粪便检查,（一）虫卵检查法1直接涂片法适用于虫卵数量多时2漂浮法适用于比重小的虫卵3沉淀法适用于比重大的虫卵4锦纶筛兜淘洗法：适用于宽度大于一定孔径的虫卵,（二）幼虫检查法1幼虫分离法：贝尔曼法；平皿法2粪便培养法：圆形科线虫3毛蚴孵化法：日本血吸虫（三）虫体检查法大型虫体或节片，肉眼可发现；小型者，采用反复沉淀洗净法检查。（四）原虫检查法球虫、隐孢子虫、结肠小袋纤毛虫,二、尿液检查,有齿冠尾线虫（猪肾虫）,三、血液检查,（一）蠕虫幼虫的检查1直接镜检法2溶血染色法（二）血液原虫检查1直接镜检法2涂片染色法3离心集虫法,四、组织液检查,取腹水抹片、染色检查适用于弓形虫病,五、体表及皮屑的检查,(一)病料的采集(二)检查方法1肉眼检查：适用于痒螨2显微镜检查：适用于疥螨3虫体浓集法,第三节辅助性诊断,一、动物接种试验1弓形虫病2伊氏锥虫病二、诊断性治疗如梨形虫病可注射台盼兰试治三、X光检查棘球蚴、多头蚴、盘尾丝虫四、穿刺检查：泰勒虫（石榴体）,第四节免疫学诊断,一、皮内变态反应（ID）二、琼脂扩散试验（AGF）三、间接血凝试验（IHA）四、间接荧光抗体试验（IFAT）五、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）,第五节基因诊断,1DNA探针技术2PCR技术,CHAPTERFOUR,DIAGNOSTlCMETHODS,CLINICALEXAMINATION,diseasehistorytheflocksize,managementpractices,vaccinationprocedures,feedingpractices,tradinghabitsetc.clinicalsignspost-mortemexamination,Procedure,flock:observetheflock:Thegeneralattitudeofliveanimalsandallabnormalconditionsanysignsofdepression,anorexia,respiratorysigns,blindness,incoordination,tremors,paralyticconditions,abnormalgaitandlegweaknessetc.observethewastedisposalarea(e.g.,haveanydeadanimalsbeenthrowntherebythefarmer?).,Individualanimal:,Lookforectoparasitesonthehead,underthewingsandthighsExaminationsfordiarrhoea,respiratorydischarges,conjunctivalexudates,nasaldischarges,featherandcombconditions,skinchanges,bodycondition,dehydration,abscesses,signsofcannibalism,tumorsetc.bloodsamplesandbloodsmears,swabs,faecalsamplesetc.post-mortemexamination.,FAECALEXAMINATION,Identificationofhelmintheggsinfaecesisaneasyandcheapwaytodiagnosemanyhelminthinfectionsandtogetanimpressionoftheinfectionlevelatindividualaswellaspopulationlevel.Newlydepositedfaecesmaycontainunembryonatedeggsoreggswithwell-developedembryos.Hatchedlarvaemaybeseeninanimalfaeces.,Directsmearmethod,Testtubeflotation,Sedimentation(Trematodeeggs),Identificationofeggs,DIAGNOSISOFHAEMOPARASITES,DIAGNOSISOFECTOPARASITES,DirectexaminationInthelaboratoryafewectoparasitescanbepickedupwithaneedleandtransferredtosalineandexaminedunderamicroscope.SkinscrapingExaminationforthepresenceofmi