英语中的停顿和意群简析

英语中的停顿和意群简析英语和汉语一样，人们在朗读或讲话时，为了生动、清楚地表达自己的意思，或作稍微短暂的呼吸换气，将意思表达完整，往往需要在语言表述的某些地方加以停顿。在英语教学中常遇到学生朗读或讲话时对停顿无所措的情况，直接影响着教学进程和效果。和汉语一样，讲话者不得随意乱停。若停顿的不是地方，不仅不能准确的表达意思，而且可能引出许多笑话或误会来。譬如，汉语中人们常说的这样一则笑话：“我是总经理”、“派来的”。就是因为停顿上的错误，让人误解，觉得滑稽可笑。中学阶段的应试教育模式，强调的是阅读理解、语法结构和习题练习，往往对会话、读音重视不够，致使大学生不知该在何处停顿换气，影响英语的学习与交流。为此，我们应对这个薄弱环节予以重视，让学生全面掌握英语知识，使学生的听说与读写译有机地统一起来，提高学生的整体英语水平。当然，英语学习是一个复杂的语言接受、理解和应用的综合过程，涉及教育学、心理学、语音学、语法学等方面的知识，我们结合教学实际，应用有关理论，就意群在英语停顿中作用问题作一探讨。一、 停顿（P）英语语法规定根据阅读或讲话句子长短情况，可按意群进行停顿。在同一意群的各个词之间不能停顿，而应一口气读完，以便整体意思不致中断，使人能完整地理解讲话人的意图和目的。例如：did not see Mary / at the party . Changjing is the longest river / in our country . A child begins / to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any acknowledged sound.注：意群和意群之间并非一定要停顿，根据情况，有些可停也可不停。例如：上例 就可不停。 did not see Mary at the party . Changjing is the longest river in our country . 上例 也可少停一次。 A child begins to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any acknowledged sound.现已知停顿的规则，但要准确地运用还必须弄清楚英语中的意群及其划分。二、 意群（Sense-groups）。意群指句子可以按照意思和语法结构分为若干段落，每一个段落就称为一个意群。它是在意思上相对完整，在语法上密切联系，不能再分的一个词组。例如 1 .下列句子可分为两个意群： We study hard / for our country . There are only two windows / in that room .2.下列句子可分为三个意群： I will be glad / to meet you again / next year. He said / that he would do better / in his English study.3.下列句子可分为四个意群： We worked / with the workers there / and learned a lot / from them. The forest had been green / in the summer / when we had come / into the town.三、 意群的划分。一般规则如下：1.冠词与名词划为同一意群。 There is an English novel on the bookshelf. The film we saw last night is very interesting.2.形容词与名词划为一个意群。 Please pass me that red-blue pencil. I have not enough money to buy it.3.系动词与表语划为一个意群。 How to go there is a problem. To rise early is his custom.4.介词短语划为一个意群。 There are some tall trees in front of the building. Keep him in the dark about the matter.5.动词不定式短语划为一个意群。 I refused to believe the evil rumor. Because he is ill , he feels unable to do it to it6分词短语化为一个意群。 They lived in a room facing the south. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.7.动名词短语划为一个意群。 Seeing him happy made me happy too. Have you finished correcting the studentspapers?8.动词及其主语或宾语划为一个意群。 We can sing a song in EnglishI received a letter from him after a long silence.9.副词与动词放在一起划为一个意群。 He has been working hard since he came here.Now that you are a big boy, you must behave better.10.关系词与从句、连词与其后面部分划为一个意群。 W should strike while the iron is white hot.Take the medicine before you go to bed. He said that he would come to see you soon. Do you know whose pen it is? She told a story which moved us deeply. We should never pretend to know what we do not know. You can go eithe