直接引语间接引语.ppt

Grammar,直接引语和间接引语,DirectandIndirectSpeech,(1)Johnsaid,”Ilikereadingnovels.”(2)Johnsaidthathelikedreadingnovels.直接引语:直接引述别人的话.间接引语:转述别人的话,构成宾语从句.,Grammar:DirectandIndirectSpeech(1),转述他人的陈述陈述句,2.转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3.转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,4.直接引语祈使句,back,直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化,Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“IllgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.,陈述句用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat,back,陈述句解题步骤:,Sarahsaidtoherfriends,.“Idontlikecomputers.”,Sarahsaidtoherfriends,that,said,didnt,she,Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.,Sarah,back,1)Hesaid,“ImgoingtoBeijing.”,HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.,一般疑问句解题步骤:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?Theyaskedhim.,Theyaskedhim,if,Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.,itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.,asked,is,was,Theyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.,间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序,Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,arentyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.,特殊疑问句,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,3.特殊疑问句解题步骤：Theyaskedhim,Whendoyouharvestthewheat?,Theyaskedhim,When,youharvestthewheat,youharvestthewheat.,he,harvested,Theyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.,Hesaidtome，“Whatsyourname?”Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.,选择疑问句,Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.,用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror,直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“一.Tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth.”句型。如：1.Dontmakeanynoise,theteachersaidtothestudents.Shetold(ordered)thestudentsnottomakeanynoise.2.“Openthedoor,please,saidshe.Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor.二.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）”如：Hesaid,Letsgotothemovies.Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotothemovies.,在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化,1.注意时态的变化,2.注意人称变化,3.注意语序的变化,主句为过去时态时，直接引语变间接引语时，时态要发生变化,二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1)一般现在时一般过去时态；Shesaid:“Iamastudent.”Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.2)一般将来时过去将来时Shesaid,Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。Tomsaid,“Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”Tomsaidhewasgoingtoplaybasketballthenextday.3)现在进行时过去进行时；Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”Shesaidshewasreadingabook.,注意：以下几种情况时态不变直接引语是客观真理。TheteachersaidTheearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachersaidmetheearthmovesaroundthesunearth.,直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.,直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”,JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.,JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.,直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：could,should,would,might）Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”和已经是过去时的形式时，例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedtoPetersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.,Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.,PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.,back,一、如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。,“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.,“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：,HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。,“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：,Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,thatday,thisweek,thatweek,yesterday,thedaybefore,lastweek,theweekbefore,fourdaysago,fourdaysbefore,thedaybeforeyesterday,twodaysbefore,tomorrow,thenextday,nextmonth,thenextmonth,here,there,come,go,bring,take,Exercise,1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat_never_meat.2.“Ivefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He_methathe_wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat_ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun_intheeastand_downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He_methathe_mettheday_.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI_togo_beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_boughtthehouse10years_.,he,ate,told,had,found,his,she,had,taken,rises,goes,told,had,before,had,before,had,there,8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He_Ihadseenhertheweek_.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He_Jimthathe_sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother_foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_been_days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked_knewwhereshe_.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He_thechildren_ma