13各种从句的翻译.ppt

1,各种从句的翻译,同位语从句定语从句状语从句宾语从句,2,同位语从句的翻译,3,I.Basicconcept,ImgreatlyshockedwhenIheardthenewsthathisfatherdiedyesterday.Theteachercametotheconclusionthatthestudenthadbeenlying.IhavenoideahowtoexplainitAnideacametohimthathemightwritetohertoaskmoreinformationaboutthematter.Ivegotananswerthatsurprisedmealot.,4,II.TranslationSkills,先翻译从句,即从句前置Thisisauniversallyacceptedprincipleofinternationallawthattheterritorysovereigntydoesntadmitofinfringement.一个国家的领土不容侵犯，这是国际法中尽人皆知的准则。,5,Itdoesnotalterthefactthatheisthemanresponsibleforthedelay.Butformany,thefactthatpoorpeopleareabletosupportthemselvesalmostaswellaswithoutgovernmentaidastheydidwithitisinitselfahugevictory.,6,2.拆分法Canadahaslongsubscribedtotheviewthatnostateshoulduseitsterritoryorallowittobeusedinsuchawayastoinjuretheenvironmentofanotherstateoroftheinternationalcommons.长期以来，加拿大一直认为，任何国家都不应该用自己的领土或允许别国利用其领土来破坏另一个国家或国际社会的环境。,7,WhenreportscameintoLondonzoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain.,8,3.增加“即”（或“以为”）或用冒号、破折号分开Butconsideredrealistically,wehadtofacethefactthatourprospectswerelessthangood.但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。,9,宾语从句的翻译,用等引导的宾语从句Itoldhimthatbecauseofthelastcondition,Idhavetoturnitdown.我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝IalsotoldhimhowappealingIfoundtheoffer.我也告诉他，这提供的机会对我有多么大的吸引力。,that,what,how,10,有时可加“说”字Hewouldremindpeopleagainthatitwasdecidednotonlybyhimselfbutbylotsofothers.他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。,11,用it作假宾语的句子，it可不译。,Imadeitcleartothemthattheymusthandintheirpapersbefore10oclockinthemorning.我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十点以前交卷。,12,状语从句的翻译,状语转译技巧,时间,条件,Thesethreecolors,red,green,andviolet,whencombined,producedwhite.,红色、绿色和紫色这三种颜色如果合在一起就变成白色。,13,条件,地点,Wherethereisnothinginthepathofbeamoflight,nothingisseen.,如果光束通道上没有东西，就什么也看不到。,14,Becausehewasconvincedoftheaccuracyofthisfact,hestucktohisopinion.,原因,因果,他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持已见。,15,状语和状语从句的翻译,概述时间原因条件让步目的,16,译成相应的表示时间的状语译成“刚就”的句式译成并列分句,一、时间状语从句的译法,17,一、时间状语从句的译法,译成相应的表示时间的状语1.Whileshespoke,thetearswererunningdown.她说话时，泪水直流。2.Pleasaeturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.离屋时请关灯。,18,3.Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxed,dishonestpeoplearegivenachancetoproducevirtuallyanythinginthenameof“art”,当审查放宽时,招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘,在“艺术”的幌子下炮制出形形色色的东西来。,19,译成“刚就”的句式1.Hehadhardlyrushedintotheroomwhenheshouted,“Fire!Fire！”他刚跑进屋里就大声喊：“着火了！着火了！”2.Hehadscarcelyhandedmetheletterwhenheaskedmetoreadit.他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。,20,译成并列分句Heshoutedasheran.Theysethimfreewhenhisransomhadnotyetbeenpaid.他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。,21,译成表“因”的分句译成因果偏正复句中的主句译成不用关联词而因果关系内含的并列分句,二、原因状语从句,22,二、原因状语从句,译成表“因”的分句Thecropsfailedbecausetheseasonwasdry.因为气候干旱，作物歉收。2.Wehavetoputthemeetingoffsincesomanypeoplewereabsent.,23,译成因果偏正复句中的主句Becausehewasconvincedoftheaccuracyofthisfact,hestucktohisopinion.他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。,24,译成不用关联词而因果关系内含的并列分句1.Afterall,itdidnotmattermuch,becausein24hours,theyweregoingtobefree.反正关系不大，二十四小时以后他们就要自由了。（语气）2.Hewasnotonlysurprisedbut,tostartwith,extremelysuspicious,ashehadeveryreasontobe.他不但惊讶而且首先是十分怀疑，他这样感觉是完全有理由的。,25,三、表示条件的状语从句,译成表“条件”的分句译成表“假设”的分句译成表补充说明情况的分句,26,译成表“条件”的分句Itwasbetterincasetheywerecaptured.要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。,27,译成表“假设”的分句Ifoneofthemcollapsed,astheyoftendid,theguideusedtocarryhimoverthemountains.如果其中一个人垮了，这种事时常在他们中间发生，向导就要背着他过山。,28,译成表补充说明情况的分句后置Youcandrivetonightifyouareready.你今晚可以出车，如果你愿意的话。,29,四、表示让步的状语从句,译成表“让步”的分句译成表“无条件”的分句,30,译成表“让步”的分句Althoughheseemsheartyandoutgoinginpublic,Mr.Cooksisawithdrawn,introvertedman.虽然库克先生在公共场合中是热情而开朗的，但他却是一个孤僻的、性格内向的人。,31,WhileIgranthishonesty,Isuspecthismemory.虽然我对他的诚实没有疑义，但我对他的记忆力却感到怀疑。,32,译成表“无条件”的分句Nomatterwhatmisfortunebefellhim,healwayssquaredhisshouldersandsaid:“Nevermind,Illworkharder.”不管他遭受什么不幸事儿，他总是把胸一挺，说“没关系，我再加把劲儿。”,33,五、表示目的的状语从句,译成表“目的”的前置分句译成表“目的”的后置分句,34,译成表“目的”的前置分句Hepushedopenthedoorgentlyandstoleoutoftheroomforfearthatheshouldawakeher.为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了出去。,为了，省得，免得，以免，以便，生怕等等,35,译成表“目的”的后置分句Themurdererranawayasfastashecould,sothathemightnotbecaughtred-handed.凶手尽快地跑开，以免被人当场抓获。,36,Within30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontract,theBuyershallproceedtopaythepriceforthegoodstotheSellerbyopeninganirrevocableL/CforthefullamountofUSD30,000infavoroftheSellerthroughabankatexportpointsothattheSellermaydrawthesuminduetime.,37,Ifthetechnicaldocumentsarefoundlost,damagedormutilatedduringairtransportation,PartyBshallsupplyPartyAfreeofchargewithasecondsetofthedocument,withintheshortestpossibletimebutnotlaterthanthirtydaysafterithasreceivedfromPartyAthewrittennotice.,38,定语从句的译法,39,1、英汉定语的比较,英语：,模式一单词定语+中心词,模式二中心词+短语or从句,汉语：,模式一定语+中心词,40,AstonebuildingFadedflowersBoilingwaterBoiledwaterAgonecaseTherisensun,模式一单词定语+中心词,一座石头砌的大厦萎谢的花开着的水开水无可挽救的事升起了的太阳,41,以-able,-ible结尾的形容词Thisistheonlyreferencebookavailablehereonthesubject.Thisistheearliesteditionobtainable.修饰some,any,no,every等词构成的不定代词和名词things,matters的adj.Thereisnothingunexpectedaboutit.,模式二中心词+短语or从句,42,副词Theyliveintheroomabove.具有表语力量的形容词Iamthehappiestmanalive.Allthepeoplepresentbegantoshout:“Welcome!”,模式二中心词+短语or从句,43,由连词“or”,“and”,“eitheror”,“both.and”连接的定语Everynation,bigorsmall,hasitsstrongandweakpoints.短语作定语Hesuggestedamethodatonceeconomicalandpractical.,模式二中心词+短语or从句,44,2.1译成定语前置法,2.2译成并列分句后置法,2.3融合法译成谓语,表语和主语合并译成主语,2.4译成原因、结果、让步、目的、条件状语从句。,2、翻译方法,45,2.1译成定语前置法,译成带“的”的定语词置于被修饰词之前，复合句译成汉语的简单句。Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.,在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。,46,2.2译成并列分句后置法,当定语从句较长时,将其译成并列分句,放置于原来它所修饰词的后面。先行词可保留并在第二个分句中重复；亦可省略。,47,Hemanagedtoraiseacropof200miracletomatoesthatweigheduptotwopondseach.,他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两傍。,Itishewhoreceivedtheletterthatannouncedthedeathofyouruncle.,是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了,48,2.3融合法译成谓语,表语和主语合并译成主语,“Weareanationthatmustbegtostayalive,”saidaforeigneconomist.,一位外国经济学家说道，“我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去。”,系表结构,Therebe句型,Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.,楼下有人要见你。,49,2.4译成原因、结果、让步、目的、条件状语从句,Inoffice,figures,listsandinformationarecompiledwhichtellthemanagersorheadsofthebusinesswhatishappeningintheirshopsorfactories,Hedidnotrememberhisfatherwhodiedwhenhewasthreeyearsold.（原因）,他不记得他父亲了,因为他父亲死时他才三岁。,在办公室里,工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以汇编,以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。（目的）,50,Oforrelatingtosomethingsupplied,installed,orpurchasedinthismanner:属于或关于以上这种方式提供、安装或购买的东西的：aturnkeyagreement.全承包的协议TurnkeyService统包服务,承包服务Turnkey交钥匙方案turnkeyproject:承包计划,51,Allpricesinthepricelistsaresubjecttoourconfirmation.报价单中所有价格以我方确认为准。.Thisofferissubjecttoyourreplyreachingherebeforetheendofthismonth.该报盘以你方本月底前到达我地为有效。,52,TheyarestrivingfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives.,他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。,53,1)Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmoreratherthanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.,习惯于多动脑筋而不是少动脑筋的人，在进入老年以后，要比一个从来不积极动脑子的人的认知能力更为健全。,54,2)Thetimeofdaywhenyoufeelmostenergeticiswhenyourcycleofbodytemperatureisatitspeak.,每天，你感觉精力最充沛的时候正是你的体温循环周期处在高峰的时刻。,55,3.Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.,人们经常在商界和政界之间进行一番对照：商界自由竞争而政界垄断专权。,56,4）In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedforfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.,1872年始，汤姆森领导了一次科学考察，考察活动进行了四年，从海洋中采集了成千上万的标本。,57,5）Foreverycoursethathefollowsastudentisgivenagrade,whichisrecorded,andtherecordisavailableforthestudenttoshowtoprospectiveemployers.,学生学的每门课程都会给一个成绩并记入本人档案，将来可以向雇主们出示。,58,6）Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.,衣服尽管才穿了没几次，也因款式过时而不得不搁置一边。,59,1.7）AresolutionwaspassedonenforcingsanctionsuponIraq,whichextendssupporttoKuwaitinsafeguardingitssovereignty.,通过一项经济制裁伊拉克的决议，旨在支持科威特捍卫自己的主权。,60,8）AseriousearthquaketookplaceinLosAngeleslastweekwhichcausedheavylossesofproperty.,上周洛杉矶发生了强烈的地震，造成严重的财产损失。,61,9）Hemadethesoundofsympathywhichcomessoreadilyfromthosewhohaveanindependentincome.,他发出了同情之声，这种声音是那些有独立收入的人最容易脱口而出的。,62,1.10）Anyonewhothinksthatrationalknowledgeneednotbederivedfromperceptualknowledgeisanidealist.,1.如果有人认为理性认识可以不从感性认识得来，他就是一个唯心主义者。,63,P.88-94,Businessisacombinationofalltheseactivities:production,distributionandsale,throughwhichprofitoreconomicsurpluswillbecreated.,商务是指生产、配送、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动，创造利润和经济盈余。,64,Internationaltradetransactionsrefertotheexportationofgoodsorservicesfromonecountrytoanother,whichistheimportingcountry.（译成同位语）,国际贸易是指将商品或服务从一个国家出口到另一个国家，即进口的国家。,65,TheMultilateralAgreementonInvestmentaimstoachieveasituationwhereforeigninvestorsarenotdiscriminatedagainst,buttheyarestillsubjecttothesamesubstantivelawsandregulationsthatapplytodomesti