英语议论文的写作模式

议论文写作模式（升级版）pattern 1（观点对比-三方观点，侧重个人观点+方法）开头：there is no denying the fact that _is a popular topic which is widely talked about both at home and abroad. currently, there is a general concern over _.recently the issue of _has been brought to public attention.（人们的普遍看法： it is generally thought that ）（人们的不同观点：people, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.）二段：defenders hold the view that_.first of all, on top of that, last but not least,三段：on the contrary, critics argue that_.the reasons for this are as follows. to begin with, _.secondly,_.therefore, ）个人观点和结论：as far as i am concerned, _.the reasons for are as follows. first of all , .besides, . （原因之后小结）therefore, we should attach great significance to solving the problem.（因此，我们认为解决这者问题非常有意义）或it is necessary that effective action should be taken to prevent the situation/phenomenon.）there are, i think, at least two（three） possible ways to cope with（deal with） it. the first way to tackle(do with) it is to appeal to（呼吁） the authorities to take drastic/immediate measures to (do)_.the other policy that is worth adopting is to work out new regualtions to (do)_.（方法之后小结：）only in this way can we succeed in dealing with the problem in the near future. 大总结： to conclude, it seems obvious . so the prospect(前景，前途) we are looking forward to will be both bright and encouraging.优美句式：开头：currently, there is a general conern over _.recently the issue of _has been brought to public attention.结尾/中间：1) it is necessary that effective action should be taken to prevent the situation/phenomenon.3)from what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that4)judging from all evidence offered, we may drawthe conclusion that5)there is no denying the fact that special attention must be devoted to the problem of篇二：一、英语议论文写作要点一、英语议论文写作要点议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张.作者对某一问题持有一种看法,为了使读者同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,企图说服他人.高中英语议论文的写作要注意以下要点:1. 论点要鲜明、确切一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证2. 论据要充分、可靠一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语，格言，名人名言作为论据3. 论证要严密、得法归纳法（induction）和演绎法（deduction）是议论文常用的论证方法归纳法的例子为基础，从几个例子和现象中，归纳出某种道理和看法例如：报纸是一种媒体（medium ），人们可以从中得到现代信息；电视是一种媒体，人们也可以从中获得信息；广播也是媒体，人们同样可以从中获得现代信息因此我们可以得出结论，其他媒体，如网络等，一定会给人们信息演绎法以一个或多个看法为基础，从一般论断，演绎到不同事例，再加以论述，最后再回到一般论断上来例如：所有的媒体都可以给人们提供信息，网络是媒体，因此人们可以从网络中获得信息在归纳中要注意使用的例子要充分，不能以点概面二、 议论文的写作步骤:1. 引言(introduction)由于英语作文受时间，字数的限制因此，在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支援什么，反对什么2. 主体段（main body）主体段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据（adequate proofs）来论证自己的观点一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进行阐述3. 结论（conclusion） 结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章同时要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话 例：课本高二上p78 第一封信tutorial center is helpful.at my center, the fees are reasonable. my tutors are qualified teachers. i have been helped a lot by them. they are sincere and kind.i think that the tutorial center has given me a lot of confidence in using english.评注: 第一段提出论点, 体现家教中心是helpful(段划线部分) ,主体段分别从几个方面(划线部分)来阐述家教中心的确有帮助,结论段重申家教中心的作用(划线部分),且语句表达与第一段中的不重复.三、议论文的写作模式1. 议论文的类型英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型: “一分为二”的观点如“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响” “两者选一”的观点如，期中考试作文题，“乘火车还是乘飞机”“我认为?”型如“你对课外阅读的看法”“怎样?（how to）”型如“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难” 图表作文通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法按照高二上学期的写作要求，学生主要应掌握两种类型的议论文的写作在第种类型中命题涉及某一事物或现象的正反两个方面：通过正反两个方面的对比，得出结论是利大于弊，还是弊大于利论证要围绕所要得出的结论来展开，若利大于弊，则有利的一面要多阐述一点反之亦然 在第种类型中，命题要求在a或b两者之间作一比较或选择，两个对象往往各有优势，所以结论部分有两种情况： a. 要么支持a，要么支持b;b. a、b优势均难的割舍，只好依情况而定在结论部分说清楚在什么条件选a, 在什么条件选b下面重点介绍第、种类型议论文的写作模式.2. “一分为二”观点的议论文模式introduction第1段:nowadays more and more people/plays an important part in. like everythingelse, has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects/both advantages and disadvantages. generally, the favorable aspects/advantages can be listed as follows.main body第2段：firstly,. secondly,?in addition/whats more?第3段: every coin has two sides. the negativeaspects/disadvantages are also apparent/obvious. to begin with?; to make matters worse?; worse of all? conclusion第4段: through above analysis/all things considered, we can see that the positive aspects/advantagesoutweigh the negative ones/disadvantages. therefore?例文1. 看电视的利与弊 advantages and disadvantages of watching tvnowadays more and more people like to watch tv. so tv plays a very important part in our life. but watching tv has both advantages and disadvantages. generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.through above analysis, i think watching tv is a way of篇三：英语作文的写作经典模式作文的写作经典模式一、首段的写作首段的写作方式一般为：1）运用事实性信息、调查或故事等引出话题，2）导入主题，然后提出自己的观点，也就是文章的论点首段开篇的方式常见的有：1） 谚语法由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受，用谚语提出自己的观点也容易被读者所接受。 as the saying goes, money makes the mare go, but there are many things we cant buy with money, such as time and true love. 2） 定义法定义法是通过对文章中的关键词做一些简单或正面或反面的解释，限定其范围，这样比较有利于引出主题。practice makes perfect is an old saying. it tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. as long as we keep on trying and practicing, we will do a good job in the end.3） 提问法通过提问一个或一连串的问题，可以激发读者的兴趣，从而引出主题。a. do you have many friends? are they similar to you or different from you? which kind of friends do you prefer?b. what is a good student? different people may have different answers to this question.4） 概括法概括法指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状，然后引出主题。5） 故事法故事法指用简单有趣的故事激发读者的兴趣，从而提出自己的观点。如下面is stress a bad thing?6） 引语法just as eating without liking harms the health, learning without interest harms the memory and cant be retained. from vincis words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in language learning.7） 调查法为了得到读者的认可，文章的开始可以引出调查数据等，借以提出主题，如下面isstress a bad thing?的1）和can schoolchildren start using the internet?的4）。8） 假设法假设法是指通过假设提出一种选择，交代文章要涉及的问题，从而提出文章的主题。 suppose you were offered two jobs, one is highly-paid but rather demanding, the other is less demanding, but poorly-paid, which would you prefer? 9） 综合法具体写作时，同学们没有必要拘泥于一种方式，可以将上述方法总和起来。首段示例1：题目：is stress a bad thing?提纲：1）有人害怕压力2） 有人认为压力并不是一件坏事3） 我的看法stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. what we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape from it.就这一标题而言，根据所提示的提纲，首段的写作还可以采用下列方式：1) (调查法)according to a recent survey, in the last few years, quite a number of young people have chosen to quit their demanding but highly-paid jobs. although they may have their own respective reasons, i dont think their decision is wise in reality.3) （概括法）faced with a hard and demanding task, peoples attitude varies widely: some try to avoid it and others regard it as a challenge to their abilities. in fact the choice we make between flight or fight makes the difference between leaders and mediocrities(平庸之辈).首段示例2：标题：can schoolchildren start using the internet?提纲： 1）随着科技的发展，网络越来越普及；2）网络有其优点但也有缺点；3）我的观点根据上面的提示，首段可有下列几种方式：3) today, with the development of science and technology, the internet is beginning to play a more and more important role in our life. more and more people are starting to use the internet, including schoolchildren. however, i think schoolchildren are too young to start using the internet.二 结论段的写作结论一般采用归纳概括、主题重述或提建议等方式。常见的方式有：1） 重述或总结主题重述主题指于结论处以另外一种表达方式重申主题，与首段照应。families offer us warmth and care. friends give us strength and horizon. they both help us understand the world as it is. both of them are the dearest parts in our life.2） 提出建议since postcards do us more harm than good, since we have many other ways to convey our feelings and promote our friendship, i hope everyone will take actions now to stop using postcards.3） 概括总结as we can see from the above, living in the suburb we can stay away from pollution, lead an easy leisure time, and neednt invest too much money, so i prefer living in the suburbto living in the city.4） 引用名人名言in particular, i enjoy what francis bacon said studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.5)综合法与首段一样，结论段也可以是多种方法的综合。一般说来，总结加建议的比较多。尾段示例1：如网络的结论段可以如下所示：11） so i think schoolchildren not only can start using the internet, but also should start using it. they are sure to benefit a lot from the internet.12） the internet can help our children know the world, get useful information and eich their knowledge. so i think schoolchildren can start using the internet.13） in a word (in conclusion/ in summary/ to sum up / in short), the internet is playing a more and more important role in our life and it is helpful for childrens growth both physically and mentally. it is better for them to start using the internet as early as possible.三转承语的使用根据不同的段落要求，选择适当的转承语1) 比较对照比较：like