Attributive_Clause英语中的限制性定语从句.ppt

Proofreading&Errorcorrection=TestforEnglishMajors,ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway.Theymightbeawrongword,amissingword,oranunnecessaryword.,PartOne:,ThedesiretouselanguageasasignofnationalidentityIsaverynaturalone,andinresultlanguagehasplayeda_prominentpartinnationalmoves.Menhaveoftenfeltthe_needtocultivateagivenlanguagetoshowthattheyaredistinctivefromanotherracewhosehegemonytheyresent._AtthetimetheUnitedSatessplitofffromBritain,forex-_ample,therewereproposalstheindependenceshouldbelin-guisticallyacceptedbytheuseofadifferentlanguagefrom_thoseofBritain.TherewasevenoneproposalthatAmeri-_cansshouldadoptHebrew.Othersfavouredtheadoptionof,PartTwo,Greek,though,asonemanputit,thingswouldcertainlybesimplerforAmericansiftheystuckontoEnglishandmade_theBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryoneknows,the_twocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactorysolutionofcarryingwiththesamelanguageasbefore._Sincenearlytwohundredyearsnow,theyhaveshown_theworldthatpoliticalindependenceandnationalidentitycanbecompletewithoutsacrificingtheenormousmutualad-vantagesofacommonlanguage.,Unit12AttributiveClause,Whatisanattributiveclause?,Aclausewhichisfunctionedasanattributivetomodifyanounorapronoun,andsometimesasentence.Mostoftheattributiveclausesareintroducedbyrelatives(关系词).,Whatisarelativeandwhatarethefunctionsofit?,Itplayssomerelativefunctionsbetweentheantecedentandtheclause.Itbothintroducestheattributiveclauseandactsasacertainconstituentintheclauseinplaceoftheantecedent.Themanwhowrotethisbookisawell-knownscientist.,Howmanytypesofrelativesarethere?,Relativepronouns:that,which,who,whom,whoseRelativeadverbs:when,where,why,how,Whatisanantecedent?,Thewordorphrasewhichismodifiedbytheattributiveclause.,Whereshouldweputtheattributiveclause?,Theattributiveclauseusuallyfollowstheantecedentimmediately.,1.Attributiveclausesintroducedbyrelativepronouns.,Relativepronounscanbefunctionedassubjects,objectsorattributives.,Examples,Whereisthegirlwho(that)wasinjuredintheaccident?Themanwhom(that)yousawjustnowisourmanager.IsthereanyoneherewhosenameisWangLin?,“that”canbeusedtoreplacetheantecedentbeingpredicativesintheclause,Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasinherchildhood.Thisisnotaneasyquestionthatyouthinkittobe.,Pleasebenoted!,Therelative“that”sometimescanbeomitted.Underwhatcircumstances?Inoralorinformaloccasionsandusedasanobject.Haveyoufoundthebook(that)youwant?,Whentherelativesareprepositionalobjects,wecannotuse“that”.Instead,wehavetouse“whom”or“which”.Andtheycannotbeomitted.Thebookfromwhich(not“that”)Igotalotofusefulinformationwaswrittenbyafamousphysicist.,Butwhenweputtheprepositionattheendofthesentenceanditsobjectinfront,wecanstilluse“that”relative.“That”alsocanbeomitted.Thebook(that/which)Igotalotofusefulinformationfromwaswrittenbyafamousphysicist.,Whoistheboywithwhomyouweretalkingamomentago?Whoistheboy(that/whom)youweretalkingwithamomentago?,“That”mustbeusedasarelativewhen,theantecedentsarethoseindefinitepronounssuchas“all,everything,something,nothing”modifiedby“first,last,only,few,much,some,any,no”andthesuperlativedegreesofadjectives.,Pleasefillinthemissingparts.,Iaminterestedin_youhavetoldme.你告诉我的一切我都感兴趣。Heaskedfor_wasonthesubject.他要有关这个内容的最好的书。,allthat,thebestbookthat,Whenwehavetwoantecedentsandoneforpeopleandtheotherforthings,weuse“that”tointroducetheattributiveclause.Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschools_wehadvisitedthere.,that,prep.+which:theyfunctiontogetherinasentence.,Thespeedatwhichthemachineoperatesisindicatedonthemeter.Thisisaplacetowhichpeoplewilladaptveryeasily.Therelativesheredonotplayanyfunctionsaloneintheclauses.Instead,itgoeswithitsprepositionstoplayadverbialsorotherfunctionsintheclause.,2.Attributivesclausesintroducedbyrelativeadverbs,Therelativeadverbswillbefunctionedastime,placeorcauseadverbialsintheclause.When=at,on,in,duringwhichWhere=in,atwhichWhy=forwhichHow=inwhich,Pleasetranslate:,他来得正是时候。（我们正急需帮助的那一刻，他来了）Hecameatatimewhen(atwhich)wewerebadlyinneedofhelp.,我工作的那所学校离这儿不远。Theschoolwhere(inwhich)Iworkisnotfarfromhere.,他没有给出理由昨天为什么不来。Hedidntgivethereasonwhy(forwhich)hewasabsentyesterday.,我们很欣赏他面对困难的方式。Weadmiredhimfortheway(inwhich)hefacedhisdifficulties.,3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthedefiningandnon-definingattributiveclause?,Definingandnon-definingattributiveclausesaredifferentiatedfromtherelationswiththeantecedents.,Pleaseinterpretthesentences,Hehasadaughterwhoworksinahospital.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.,4.“as”inattributiveclause,“as”canbeusedtointroduceanattributiveclause.Itmainlyexistsin“suchas”or“thesameas”structuresandrepresentstheantecedentsbeingnounsforpeopleorthings.In“thesameas”structure,“that”canalsobeusedtoreplace“as”.,让我们讨论一下只跟我们有关的这些问题.Letsdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcernus.(subject),没有人相信如他讲的这种故事Noonewillbelievesuchstoriesashetold.(object),我从未见过象他们那样的那种人Ihaveneverseensuchkindofpeopleastheyare.(predictative),“as”introducingnon-definingattributiveclauses,Wecanuse“as”tointroduceannon-definingattributiveclausetofurtherclarifythemeaningoftheprevioussentence.Theclausecanbeputatthebeginning,ormiddle,orattheendofasentence.,Examples,HeisanEnglishman,asIknowfromhisaccent.Aswasusualwithhim,hewentoutforawalkafterdinner.,5.Thechoiceofrelativepronounsandrelativeadverbs,Whichrelativestousehasnothingtodowiththefunctionsofantecedentsinthemainclause,buthaseverythingtodowiththefunctionsforrelativestoplayinthesubclause.Seewhethertheantecedentsareforpeople,forthings,fortime,forplacesorcauses.Seewhethertheyintroducedefiningornon-definingrelativeclauses.,Examples,Thisistheplace_Ispentmychildhood.Thistheplace_Ivisitedlastsummer.