石油工程专业英语part.ppt

1,PetroleumEngineering,2,LearningGoals,1.Communication2.translation,PleaseintroduceyourselfinEnglish!,Ifyougoforaninterview,3,Interview,MajorofpetroleumengineeringTechnicalSkills:DrillingandWorkoverTechnology,CatchholdoftheoilwellproductionmethodsBasicskills:GoodcomputerskillandfamiliarwithAUTOCAD（GoodcommandofEnglishandpcskills,EnglishCET4orabove,Englishconversationandtranslationability.）Whatspecializedcoursesdidyoutake?,4,采油工程oilrecoveryengineering钻井工程概论thegeneralityofdrillingengineering油藏工程基础therudimentsofreservoirengineering油层物理petroleumphysics/petro-physics渗流力学seepagemechanics/percolationmechanics开发地质基础therudimentsofdevelopinggeology测井解释与生产测井logginginterpretationandproductionlogging提高采收率enhancedoilrecovery钻井液drillingfluid,5,Attendance:30%Participation,discussion,homeworkandquizzes：20%Finalexam：50%FinalExaminingMode:Translateapassagewith800words(50%)&Oralinterpretation(50%),Grading:,6,Test:,Atpresent,thereareabout90%wellsusedoilpumpingwithpoletowholewellsusedmechanicaloilpumpingonlandand80%petroleumpumpedbyoilpumpingwithpole,theenergyconsumptionbyfacilitiesonoilpumpingwithpoletakeupabove30%ontotalenergyconsumption,andalongwiththecomingofeveningtoexploitation,theproportiontendtoascend.,目前我国陆上机械采油约90左右的油井采用有杆泵抽油技术，产油量的80是靠有杆泵抽油采出的，有杆泵抽油设备的能耗已占油田总能耗的30以上，随着各油田进入开发后期，上述比例将成上升的趋势。,7,WhatareOilandGas?,Discussion:,8,WhatareOilandGas?,OilandGasaresubstancesfoundwithintheearthscrust（地壳）.Theyarethoughttocomefromdecomposed（腐烂的）di:kmpzplantandanimalmatter.Scientistsbelievetheplantsandanimalsdiedlongago,andwereslowlyburiedbythicklayersofsediments（沉积物）.Overalongperiodoftime,andwithpressureandtemperature,theorganic（有机）:nikmaterialswereconvertedintotheoilandgaswhicharefoundtoday.(Forexample,weknowthatpresentdaygarbagedumpsgiveoffmethane（甲烷）gas),9,Oilinitsnaturalstatecanbethickorthin,blackorlightcolored.Whenoilisrefined,manyproductscanbeobtained:EnergyforpowerGasolineforcarsDieselfuelfortrucksandtrainsOctane(辛烷)fuelsforplanesHeatingoilforhouses,Manyothermaterialsalsocomefrompetroleum:PlasticsMaterialsforclothes(example:polyesterfabrics涤纶织物)ChemicalsforeverydayusePaints,Whatelsedoweknowaboutoilandgas?,10,Didyouknowthatoilhasnaturalgasinit?,Thenaturalgas（天然气）isinsolution,justlikethecarbondioxide（CO2）whichisputinsideofpoptogiveititsfizz.,Whenoilisproduced,somegasisproducedwiththeoil.,Abarrel（桶）ofoilmaycontainanywherefrom1cubicftofgas,toover10,000cubicft,dependingonthetypeofreservoir（储集层）.,Thatsenoughgasinasinglebarrelofoiltofillyourwholehouse!,11,WherecanwefindOilandGas?,12,Somepeoplethinkthatoilisinbigpoolsunderground.Actually,mostoilistrappedinthetinyporespacesbetweengrainsofrockorsand.Mostoftheseporesaretoosmalltobeseenwiththenakedeye.,13,So,howdowefindoil-bearingrocks?,Oilandgasarefoundinnaturaltrapswithintheearth.Thesetrapsconsistofdomesorfaults.Impermeablerockabovethetrappreventstheoilandgasfrommigratinguptosurface.An“impermeable”rockisonethatfluidcannotpassthrough.withouttraps,theoilandgascouldmigrateallthewaytothesurfaceandevaporate.,14,Oil,Heresanexampleofadome-shapedOilreservoir.,Notethelayerofimpermeablerockwhichpreventstheoilfrommigratingupwards.Also,notethelayerofwaterbelowwhichpreventstheoilfromescapingdown.Why?,15,Gas,HeresanexampleofaGasreservoir.,Again,notetheimpermeablelayerofrockpreventingthegasfromescaping.,16,Gas,HeresanexampleofanOilreservoirwithaGascap,Oil,Whydoyousupposethegasisontop?,PreparedbyTomSheeran,17,Howdowefindtheoilreservoirs?,Geophysicistsfindreservoirsbybouncingsoundwavesoffthem,andtiminghowlongittakesforthesoundtocomebackComputersprocessthedatatoconstructpicturesofwhattheearthlookslikeunderground.,source,receivers,t=1sec,t=1.2sec,t=1.42sec,18,Whatdowedoafterwefindareservoir?,?,?,?,19,WeDrillIntoIt!,20,Whatdowedrillwith?,21,ADrillingRig!,Hereareafewdifferenttypesofdrillin