2010年高考英语二轮专题复习 动词的时态和语态

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/282010年高考英语二轮专题复习动词的时态和语态【专题五】动词的时态和语态【考点分析】1对下列十种时态的考查一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来时2既考查时态又考查语态；3考查动词的及物与不及物；4考查主动形式表示被动意义；5考查动词词组在被动语态中的介词问题；6对被动语态习惯句型的考查。【知识点归纳】I动词时态和语态的构成形式主动语态的构成一般现在时一般过去时DO/DOES,IS/AM/AREDID,WAS/WERE现在进行时过去进行时精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/28IS/AM/AREDOINGWAS/WEREDOING现在完成时过去完成时HAS/HAVEDONEHADDONE现在完成进行时过去完成进行时HAS/HAVEBEENDOINGHADBEENDOING一般将来时过去将来时WILL/SHALLDOIS/AM/AREGOINGTODOIS/AM/ARE（ABOUT）TODOWOULD/SHOULDDOWAS/WEREGOINGTODOWAS/WERE（ABOUT）TODO被动语态的构成一般现在时一般过去时IS/AM/AREDONE精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/28WAS/WEREDONE现在进行时过去进行时IS/AM/AREBEINGDONEWAS/WEREBEINGDONE现在完成时过去完成时HAS/HAVEBEENDONEHADBEENDONE一般将来时过去将来时WILL/SHALLBEDONEIS/AM/AREGOINGTOBEDONEIS/AM/ARE（ABOUT）TOBEDONEWOULD/SHOULDBEDONEWAS/WEREGOINGTOBEDONEWAS/WERE（ABOUT）TOBEDONEII动词时态的用法1一般现在时一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/28主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来ILLGOTHEREAFTERIFINISHMYWORKIFITRAINSTOMORROW,IWONTGOTHERE在以HERE,THERE开头的句子里，GO,COME等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作THEREGOESTHEBELL铃响了。THERECOMESTHEBUS汽车来了。HERESHECOMES她来了。注意近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰MONTHSAGOWESAILEDTENTHOUSANDMILESACROSSTHEOPENSEA,WHICH_THEPACIFIC,ANDWEMETNOSTORMAWASCALLEDBISCALLEDCHADBEENCALLEDDHASBEENCALLED虽然航海发生在过去，但是，海洋的名称不会因此而变化，所以要用一般现在时。2现在进行时表示正在进行的动作；表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。SHEISLEAVINGFORBEIJING她要去北京。HEISWORKINGASATEACHERTOMORROW从明天起他要做老师。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/28MYFATHERISCOMINGTOSEEMETHISSATURDAY这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。THECHANGJIANGRIVERISFLOWINGINTOTHEEAST江水滚滚向东流。THESUNISRISINGINTHEEAST太阳从东方冉冉升起。与ALWAYS,FOREVER,CONSTANTLY,CONTINUALLY连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行；HEISALWAYSHELPINGOTHERS他总是肯帮助他人。SHEISALWAYSFORGETTINGSOMETHING她老是忘记某些事情。大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有感觉类LOOK,SMELL,FEEL,SOUND,TASTE,SEE,HEAR情感类LIKE,LOVE,PREFER,ADMIRE,HATE,FEAR心态类WISH,HOPE,EXPECT,WANT,NEED,BELIEVE,THINK,UNDERSTAND,AGREE,KNOWT所有类HAVE,CONTAIN,WON,HOLD,BELONGTO等。3现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/28时已完成的动作；IHAVEFINISHEDTHEREPORT/SHEHASCLEANEDTHEROOM表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“FOR”,“SINCE”表述的一段时间状语连用；HEHASLEARNEDENGLISHFORSIXYEARS/THEYHAVEWORKEDHERESINCETHEYLEFTCOLLEGE表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“HAVE/HASBEENTO”；表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“HAVE/HASGONETO”。WHEREISLIHUAHEHASGONETOTHEREADINGROOMSHEKNOWSALOTABOUTSHANGHAISHEHASBEENTHERE在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。WHENYOUHAVELEARNEDENGLISH,YOUWILLFINDITABRIDGETOSOMUCHKNOWLEDGEWELLSTARTATSIXIFITHASSTOPPEDRAININGBYTHEN注意这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成,如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生,则不必用完成时；试比较ILLLETYOUKNOWASSOONASIHEARFROMHERSHEWILLCALLYOUWHENSHEGETSHOME短暂动词（即瞬间动词），精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/28JOIN,LOSE,BUY,BORROW,LEAVE,GO,COME,ARRIVE,DIE,MARRY,FINISH,COMPLETE,BEGIN,START,BREAKOUT等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。要译“他参军已经三年了”不能说HEHASJOINEDTHEARMYTHREEYEARS可采用“AGO法”HEJOINEDTHEARMYTHREEYEARSAGO“延续法”HEHASBEENINTHEARMYFORTHREEYEARS“SINCE法”ITIS/HASBEENTHREEYEARSSINCEHEJOINEDTHEARMY注意没有包括“现在”在内或不是截至“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用,但“IN（OVER）THEPAST/LAST时间段”要与现在完成时连用。4现在完成进行时用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作；HEHASBEENDOINGTHEMATHSPROBLEMSSINCE800凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。5一般过去时表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或为；精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/28HEOFTENSANGWHENHEWASABOYHEWENTTOTHECINEMALASTNIGHTWITHHERBOYFRIEND用于IDIDNTKNOW或IFORGOT，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。用于IDIDNTKNOW或IFORGOT，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。IDIDNTKNOWYOUWEREHERE（现在已经知道）SORRY,IFORGOTTOBRINGMYBOOK（“忘记带书”已成为过去的事了）这一用法考生要特别注意。注意参看过去将来时的用法。6过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）；HEWASPREPARINGHISLECTUREALLDAYYESTERDAY表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行；THEYWERESTILLWORKINGWHENILEFT用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生；IWASWRITINGWHILEHEWASWATCHINGTV过去计划、安排好的将来动作只限于COME,GO,LEAVE,ARRIVE,START,MOVE,SAIL,FLY,TRAVEL,STAY等）；精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创9/28HESAIDSHEWASARRIVINGTHENEXTDAY与ALWAYS,FOREVER,CONSTANTLY,CONTINUALLY连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。（参看现在进行时的用法）COMRADELEIFENGWASALWAYSTHINKINGOFOTHERSNEVERTHINKINGOFHIMSELF过去进行时可用来描绘故事发行的背景。THEWINDWASBLOWINGANDITWASRAININGHARD7过去完成时表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。HEHADSHUTTHEDOORBEFORETHEDOGCAMEUPEVERYTHINGHADBEENALLRIGHTUPTILLTHISMORNING表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。ATTHEAGEOFTEN,HEHADLEARNED500ENGLISHWORDSHEHADBEENILLFORAWEEKWHENWELEARNEDABOUTIT过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望只限于THINK,WANT,PLAN,MEAN,INTEND,HOPE,EXPECT,SUPPOSE，WISH,WANT等动词）。IHADWANTEDTOPAYAVISITTOYOUYESTERDAY,BUTTHERAINPREVENTEDME我本来想昨天拜访你的，但是下雨（让我不能来）。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创10/28注意过去完成时必须以过去某一时刻为基点，即“过去的过去”。因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它；BEFORE,AFTER本身表示时间的“前”“后”明显，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。HEHADLEFTBEFOREIARRIVED8一般将来时一般将来时有下列一些构成形式需要记住WILL/SHALLDO（侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）BEGOINGTODO主观上打算或客观上可能发生BEDOING按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用BEABOUTTODO按计划即将发生一般将来时的用法现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态TOMWILLCOMENEXTWEEKHEWILLBEHERETOMORROW事物的固有属性或必然趋势OILWILLFLOATINWATERFISHWILLDIEWITHOUTWATER精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创11/28对将来某个动作的安排、计划HEISGOINGTOSPEAKONTVTHISEVENING9将来完成时用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和BY短语，WHEN,BEFORE引起的时间状语连用。WEWILLHAVEFINISHEDSENIORBOOK2BYTHEENDOFTHISTERM10过去将来时过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图打算主要用于宾语从句中）；SHEWASSURESHEWOULDSUCCEEDITHOUGHTYOUWOULDCOME把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式。表示过去经常发生的动作。WHENHEWASYOUNG,HEWOULDGOSWIMMING注意WOULD与USEDTO的区别WOULD只表示过去，不涉及现在，而USEDTO表示“过去常常”要与现在比较，即现在不是这样了。11要求一定时态的固定的句型WAS/WEREDOINGSTHWHENDIDSTH正在做某事，这时突然IWASREADINGABOOKWHENTHEBELLRANG精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创12/28WAS/WEREABOUTTODOSTHWHENDIDSTH正要做某事，这时突然WEWEREABOUTTOLEAVEWHENTHETELEPHONERANGITTHISISWILLBETHEFIRST/SECOND/THIRDTIMETHATITSTHEFIRSTTIMEIVESEENHERWEHAVEBEENTHERETHREETIMES如果句中有比较确定的时间状语，则服从时间状语的要求。LASTYEARISAWHIMMANYTIMESITIS/HASBEENSINCEITISHASBEENTWOWEEKSSINCEICAMEHERESHESAIDITWASFIVEHOURSSINCESHEHADFINISHEDHERWORKHARDLYWHENNOSOONERTHANHARDLYHADWEGOTINTHECROPSWHENITBEGANTORAINIHADNOSOONERCOMEINTOTHEROOMTHANTHEDOORWASCLOSEDITTHISISWILLBETHEFIRST/SECOND/THIRDTIMETHATTHISISTHEFIRSTTIMEIHAVEBEENHEREITLLBETHEFIRSTTIMEIVESPOKENINPUBLICIII被动语态的用法精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创13/28被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。其构成为“BE及物动词的过去分词“。助动词BE有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与BE作为连系动词时完全一样。含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态时，由“情态动词（CAN,MAYMUST,HAVETO等）BE动词的ED形式。含有“BEGOINGTO,BETO,USEDTO,BEABOUTTO“等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态时，其构成为“BEGOINGTO（BETO,USEDTO,BEABOUTTO）BE动词的ED形式“构成。1被动语态的适用范围当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。这时不用BY短语。THISJACKETISMADEOFCOTTON这件上衣是棉料的。为了强调动作的承受者时VISITORSAREREQUESTEDNOTTOTOUCHTHEEXHIBITS要求参观者不可触摸展品。出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者YOUARESAIDTOBEACTIVERECENTLY据说你最近很活跃。常用于如下句型ITSNOTKNOWNTHAT不得而知ITSSAIDTHAT据说精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创14/28ITSREPORTEDTHAT据报道ITSNOTDECIDEDTHAT尚未决定ITSBELIEVEDTHAT据认为ITSANNOUNCEDTHAT据宣布2被动语态的句型常见句式是主语（受动者）BE过去分词（BY施动者）HEWASSCOLDEDBYTHEENGLISHTEACHER主语GET过去分词其它成分THEBOYGOTDROWNEDLASTSUMMER/SHEGOTFIREDBECAUSEOFHERFAULTS使用这种结构不能带有“BY施动者”在现代英语中大量地出现了由“GET及物动词的过去分词“构成的被动语态，这就叫做GET型被动语态。GET型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限，通常为单个的动词或比较简单的动词短语。GET及物动词的过去分词GET常同MARRY,BEAT,BREAK,DAMAGE,TEAR,STRIKE,HURT,PAINT,INVITE,REPAIR,DRESS,PAY,WOUND等动词的ED形式连用，构成被动语态。这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指“最后终于，突然发生“等意精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创15/28义。HEGOTWOUNDEDINTHEBATTLE他在战斗中受伤了。THEBOYGOTHURTONHISWAYHOMEFROMWORK男孩在回家的路上受伤了。GET型被动语态一般不宜用在含有双宾语的结构中，也不宜与SEE,HEAR,WATCH,LISTENTO等感官动词构成被动语态。THEOLDMANWASOFFEREDALARGESUMOFMONEY（正）有人给了这位老人一大笔钱。THEOLDMANGOTOFFEREDALARGESUMOFMONEY误GET型被动语态有时有言外之意或具有感情色彩HEGOTTAUGHTALESSON他被教训了一顿。（有“活该”之意）HOWDIDTHEWINDOWGETCLOSED窗户怎么关上了（有“不该关上之意）GET型被动语态有时表示开始进入某种状态，而BE动词的ED形式只表示存在的状态。SHEGOTTIRED她感到累了。（有开始感到疲劳的含义）SHEWASTIRED只表示”她累了”带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。SHELENTMEABIKE被动IWASLENTABIKEBYHER精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创16/28ABIKEWASLENTTOMEBYHER情态动词BE过去分词THISPROBLEMMUSTBEWORKEDOUTINHALFANHOUR双重被动式主语被动式谓语不定式的被动式其它成分THESEMAGAZINESARENOTALLOWEDTOBETAKENOUTOFTHEREADINGROOMTHEMURDERERWASORDEREDTOBESHOT3主动表示被动的几种情况不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态常见动词是CUT,SELL,READ,WRITE,FILL,COOK,LOCK,WASH,DRIVE,KEEP等THISKNIFECUTSWELL这把刀好切。THESEBOOKSSELLWELL这些书好卖。THEPENWRITESSMOOTHLY这支笔写起来流畅。MEATWONTKEEPLONGINSUCHHOTWEATHER肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。THECLOTHWASHESWELL这种布好洗。一些连系动词的主动式形容词。常见动LOOK,SMELL,TASTE,SOUND,FEEL,PROVE,TURNOUT等THEAPPLESTASTEGOOD精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创17/28THEFLOWERSMELLSWONDERFULTHENEWSPROVED/TURNEDOUTTRUECOTTONFEELSSOFT4不可变为被动语态的几种情况当句子的宾语是反身代词时因为反身代词不可作主语HECANDRESSHIMSELF他能自己穿衣服。不可变为HIMSELFCANBEDRESSEDBYHIM当句子的宾语是相互代词时因为相互代词不可作主语WEHELPEACHOTHER/ONEANOTHER不可变为EACHOTHER/ONEANOTHERISHELPEDBYUS动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式HELOSTHEART不可变为HEARTWASLOSTBYHIM类似LOSEHEART词组的还有MAKEAFACE,KEEPSILENCE,KEEPWORDS,LOSEINTHOUGHT等等TAKEPARTIN,BELONGTO,OWN,HAVE,HATE,FAIL,CONTAIN等表状态动词没有被动语态SHETOOKPARTINTHESPORTSMEET不能变为THESPORTSMEETWASTAKENPARTINBYHER当HAVE,COST,FIT,LAST,HOLD等表示状态的及物动词作谓语时OURVILLAGEHASTWENTYTRACTORS我们村有20台拖拉机。THEHALLCANHOLD2000PEOPLE这个大厅能盛2000人精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创18/28THEWARLASTEDFOURYEARS这场战争持续了4年当某些及物动词（如LEAVE,ENTER,JOIN,等）的宾语是表示处所、地点或组织时THESTUDENTSENTEREDTHECLASSROOMONEBYONE学生门陆续地进了教室。MYBROTHERJOINEDTHEPARTYTWOYEARSAGO我哥哥2年前入了党。MYFATHERLEFTHISHOMETOWNFIVEYEARSAGO我父亲5年前离开了家乡。当句子的宾语是同源宾语时THEBROWNSLIVEAHAPPYLIFE布朗一家过着幸福的生活。当句子的宾语为行为者（主语）身体上某一部分时ICOULDNTBELIEVEMYEYESWHENISAWHIMSTILLALIVE看到他还活着，我简直不相信自己的眼睛。HEHURTHISFOOTBYJUMPINGOVERAFENCE他跨越栅栏时伤了脚。当用非谓语动词作宾语时HELIKESSTUDYINGENGLISH他喜欢学习英语IWISHTOGOTHEREMYSELF我想亲自去那里一趟注意少数以不定式（短语）做宾语的动词（如AGREE,FEEL,DECIDE,THINK等）可以变为被动句，但不能以不定式（短语）直接做被动句的主语，而要借助IT为先行精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创19/28主语，将不定式（短语）置于谓语动词之后HEHASDECIDEDTOGOANDSTUDYABROADITHASBEENDECIDEDBYHIMTOGOANDSTUDYABROAD他已决定出国留学。5含有短语动词在被动语态中介词不能丢MUCHATTENTIONMUSTBEPAIDTOYOURHANDWRITING【高考预测】1WHYDIDNTYOUBUYTHECALCULATORI_,BUTMOTHER_ALLOWMEAWOULDWANTTODIDNTBHADWANTEDTODIDNTCWANTEDTOWOULDNTDHADWANTEDTOWOULDNT2THISRETURNEDSCHOLARHASBECOMEONEOFTHETOPEXPERTSINTHISFIELDYES,IKNOWHIMVERYWELLHE_FORTENYEARSATANINSTITUTEINTHEUSAAHASWORKEDBHADWORKEDCWORKEDDHASBEENWORKING3WE_DINNERATSIXOCLOCKWHENJSTV_TOSHOWTHEFILM“IFYOUARENOTTHEONE”AAREHAVINGWILLSTARTBWILLBEHAVINGSTARTSCHAVEWILLSTARTDWILLHAVEHADSTARTS精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创20/284ISROBERTABROADITHINKSOHE_FORABETTERJOB,BUTHEDIDNTGETITAHOPESBHASHOPEDCWASHOPEDDHADHOPED5MRWANG_TABLETENNISWELL,THOUGHHESUFFERSFROMAWAISTPAINAND_ITFORALONGTIMEAPLAYEDHASNOTPLAYEDBPLAYSHADNOTPLAYEDCPLAYSDIDNOTPLAYDPLAYSHASNOTPLAYED6ISNTITAGREATSURPRISETHATIHAPPENEDTOMEETMYUNIVERSITYENGLISHTEACHERATTHESOUTHBANKPARKLANDLASTWEEKHOWLONG_YOU_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