Philosophy 中西哲学比较.ppt

DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternphilosophies英语2班成员：吴秋红、闫赛祎、高洁依、郑典、谢蕊杰、崔曼,Contents,ThedefinitionofPhilosophyOriginDevelopmentChinesephilosophyWesternphilosophyConclusionComparison,Whatisphilosophy?,FromancientGreekphilosophia,consistingofphilolosandSophia,Itmeanslovingwisdom.Marx:Philosophyisthesystematicworldoutlookandmethodology.FengYoulan:Philosophyisthethoughtofasystematicreflectionoflife.MouZongsan:Alltheactivitiesofhumannature,toreasonandideastoreflectonthephilosophyis.LuoSu:Philosophyteachespeoplenottobeabletodeterminehowtoliveandnottobehesitant.,TheoriginofancientChinesephilosophy,中国古代哲学，最初是从原始宗教中逐渐分化出来的。早在原始社会(距今约170万年公元前2100年)就已经孕育着哲学的胚芽。原始人在自己的劳动中了解自然界，有了唯物论萌芽的基础。主要体现在阴阳五行的观念上。远在公元前1000余年，在农业和畜牧业发展的基础上，人们有了现在、过去、未来的时间观念，称当今为“今”，过去的日子为“昔”，旬内之某日为“翌”，次旬之某日为“来”。同时为了区分土地，进行商业交通和军事征伐，人们也有了东、西、南、北、中五方的空间观念。在生产发展基础上，人们除了时空观念外，还产生了原始的阴阳五行观念。阴阳观念记载于周易。,中国史学界比较一致断定：商(殷)代是中国历史上的奴隶制时代，尚书?商书?盘庚以后各篇和殷墟小屯发掘出来的甲骨文片，是中国最早的成文史料。，诗经?商颂说：“帝立子生商。”商代统治者自认为是上天的子孙，是代表上天来管理臣民的。周灭商时，周统治者宣称：“丕显文王，受天有(佑)大命。”(大盂鼎)意即文王创立了灭商事业，是受天命保佑的，周天子是上天在天上的投影。庄子?天下篇也指出：这时期的哲学思想是“以天为宗，以德为本”。这道出了哲学同宗教、伦理的结合。但是这时的哲学思想，只是处在萌芽状态，尚未形成哲学学派，还没有建立真正的哲学体系，因而没有什么著名的哲学家。现在一般把中国传统哲学划分为七个阶段，即先秦子学、两汉经学、魏晋玄学、隋唐佛学、宋明理学、明清实学、乾嘉朴学。,Theoriginofancientwesternphilosophy,Europeandeventhewholewesternphilosophy.TheearliestancientGreekphilosophygenresschoolproducesaround7orbeforethe6thcenturyBC,beforethis,theancientGreekphilosophyhasalonggestationperiod.InasensetheancientGreekphilosophyisthepremiseoftheancientGreekmyth,sotospeak.TheancientGreekmythincludesboththestoryofgodandthelegendofheroes.Inthemostancientmythology,talkedabouttheopening,thebirthofthegodsofheavenandearth,theoriginofhumanbeings,andsoon.,.InancientGreecepersonsimagination,godandmanismorphousgay,godhasapersonsimageandfeelings.Indifferentplaceswithgodandman,isthattheyareneverdie,theyarebiggerandmorepowerfulthanman,anddominatedthefortunesofthehumandestiny.MountOlympus12maingodisactuallytheembodimentoftheforcesofnature.,ThedevelopmentofChinesephilosophy,SpringandAutumnandtheWarringStasesperiods:Ahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend;Philosophicalorigin.QinandHandynasty:Strategyleading.TheWei,jinandTangdynasties:Spiritualimpactstrategy.SongandMingdynasty:Reconciliationandholyendeavourtoclose.Qingdynasty:Invasionsofforeign;practicallearning.,ThedevelopmentofWesternphilosophy,Pre-SocrateseraSocrateseraBeliefageThediscoveryofmanandnatureUnitedKingdommodernphilosophy;Frenchenlightenmentphilosophy;GermanclassicalphilosophyModernphilosophyPost-modernphilosophy,Chinesephilosophy(天人合一）,HarmonyisoneofthefundamentalviewoftheChineseancientphilosophy,heaven,nature,andmanisappropriate.Emphasizethreeisthebookofchangesofheaven,earthandpeoplemakingpeoplethecenter,illustratestheimportanceofpeople.Isthewayofheaveneverythinginthebeginning,tothewaythatallthings,thewayofpeopleisthatallthingssothethreeearthhavetheirway,butwatchingoutforeachothereachother.Thewayofheavenandearthtogenerate,thewayofpeopletoobtain.“Natureandhumanityisthedayandinductionofrelationsbetweenpeople.,Taoistthoughtdayisnatural,thepersonisapartofnature.Sothisistheunityofnatureandmanbecauseofsomanyrulesandregulationsofunfettered,makespeoplewereseparatedfromthenatureofnatural,getawayfromthenature.Therefore,toachieveharmony,mustabandonthoseterms,willbereleasedalltheirownhumannature,fullyintegratedintothenatureReachthestatewitheverythingintheworld.,Chinesephilosophyingenerallackofinterestincognitionofthingsandreligiousbeliefs,andmorethanmakepublicthehumannatureofthingsandintuitivewisdom.So,Chinesephilosophyismorewisdominlife,ratherthantothemicroscopicworldtoexplore.Chinesephilosophyhasaprofoundculturalconsciousness,andtranscendenceofreality.,Beyondtherootcauseisfromtheheart,isintheheart,notbasedonaspecificthings.So,Chinesephilosophyinpursuitofinnerbeyonddoesnotneedexternalalmsatthesametime,alsodonotneedtosocialreality.Ifpeoplewanttosay,forexample,thekingdomofheaven,thatdaycountriesinpeoplesminds,ratherthaninanotherworld.,Westernphilosophy（天人分离）,Westernphilosophyinitiallyputforwardthepropositionwateristhesourceofallthings.Wedonthavetogetthispropositioniscorrectornot,butatthesametimeputsforwardanotherquestionwhatconstituteseverythinsincethen,thedirectionofthewesternphilosophicalexplorationisthemicrocosmicworld.Thusaffectedtheircognitivehabits,frommicroscopictowholethings.,AtthetimeofserviceinChristianphilosophy,thusmakealotofmistakesinsciencebecomeentrenched,Brunotohumanscienceisoneoftheverysmallexample.Butduetothepursuitofmicroworld,inthestudyofphilosophyatthesametime,makenaturalsciencesuchasphysicshasbeenlong-termdevelopment.AftertheRenaissance,suspectedofreligionismoreandmorefrequent.,Paymoreattentiontoreality,opposeautocracyandcentralization,requiredtheliberationandfreedomofthought.Afterthisphilosophy,morerational,logicalandaxiom.Throughthedualismoffusionmaterialviewchallengesatheismandotherfaiths.Facemoreproblemsfromthebeginningofthe19thcentury,philosophy,includingsocial,political,economic,scientific,logical,andsoon.Makesphilosophytowardsthediversification.,Conclusion,Inaword,westernphilosophyfromGreekphilosophybegantopayattentiontotheworldandhumanexploration,thoughmidwaycontrolledbyChristiantheology,butasaresultofChristianityitselfisalsoinfluencedbywesternphilosophy,sothatitsphilosophyisademocraticandscientific.WhileChinesephilosophyemphasizesmansrepairforrightfromthestart,themorepeoplefrominternalbegantopractice.SounderstandingoftheworldandChinesephilosophyfrompeople,frompeoplesAngleforunderstandingoftheworldtoexplore.,Withtheaccelerationofglobalizationoftodayssociety,theeasternandwesternphilosophicalthoughtstouchintensifying,anditsperformanceisalsoeveryaspect.Twoculturaldifferencesbetweeneastandwest,respectively,originatedfromtwodifferenttypesofphilosophicalviews.Toanswerthisquestion,isdividedintotwoaspects.Ontheonehandisdifferent,ontheotherhandisthesame.,Differences,westernphilosophyfromancientGreecetoemphasizedichotomy.Takeindividualasthecore,rationalandstruggleasthemainperformance.,TheancientCh