强化段阅读课程讲义第二讲

Y/N/NG题型讲义基本原则：1 注意答案，不要混用或错用Y/N/NG及T/F/NG。 2 不要用自己的知识或常识做答案，所有的题目均要回原文。 3 不要随意推断，也不要钻牛角尖。利用语感，先找出每个题目的焦点信息，即题点。 4 题目中的比较级，最高极，否定信息，数字，比例关系，倍数关系，表示程度或范围的信息一般为题点。Y：1 在原文找到题目的同义信息，一般为同义词转换。（注：因为原文或题目中某一个与题点有重大关系的词汇而不能确定答案时，若原文和题目同为肯定或同为否定，则猜答案为Y；或一为肯定，一为否定，则猜答案为N） 2 根据原文推断出来明显成立的题目。 1） 原文含有onlyQ: Toads are not active in Spring.P: Toads are only active in Summer.2） 题目中的题点是比较级，比例关系以及数字等Q: Most of gold has been recovered.P: The divers found and recovered 430 boxes of gold.3） 题目将原文的逻辑范围或地理范围稍有扩大Q: The machine is made of metal.P: The machine is made of steel.Q: Many teachers find that their jobs are rewarding.P: Teachers are well paid.Q: Schools have been getting better.P: Educational standards in schools have been gradually improving. N：1 在原文找到题目的否定信息 1） 转折结构2） too to3） hardly，barely，scarcely，rarely，few，little，lack，shortage 2 题目中含有绝对性限制信息：definitely，absolutely，must，have to，anyway，invariably，inevitably，impossible，only，exclusively Q: Men are invariably preferred to women when it comes to promotion. P: Women have fewer opportunities for promotion and higher status jobs, even in industries which employ mostly women, tend to be filled by men. 3 原文表述的信息是有条件成立信息或虚拟成立信息，而题目表述为无条件绝对成立或事实成立信息。 Q: The king cobras can bite themselves with fangs and commit suicide. P: If the fangs were longer, the king cobras might bite the floor of its mouth and commit royal suicide. Q: Orion system enabled people to travel in outer space in the 50s and 60s. P: Some of the more extreme advocates of the Orion system present it as the holy grail of space travel were it not for misplaced fears about nuclear technology. Q: The ever faster expansion will invariably tear apart the Earth. P: The ever faster expansion has already arrested the formation of large structure and, if it continues, could rip apart galaxies and even the earth. 4 原文表述的是推测出来的，理论上成立的或将来才会出现的事物，而题目表述为已经发生的事实。5 题目所表述的因果关系与原文不符。Q: Newspapers print items to mislead readers.P: People are clearly more curious about bad news than good news, thus newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortion of perception.NG：1 原文和题目在题点内容上有重大出入。 2 题目表述的比较级在原文没有任何相关信息。 3 题目将原文表述的最高级之一表述为最高级。 4 原文表述的是客观事实或结果，题目表述原因或主观态度。 Q: Stravinsky disliked having to perform his compositions in public. P: The first piece of music composed specifically for recording was in 1904 and within two decades, composers as famous as Stravinsky were writing for recording rather than for performance.5 数字，比例关系和变化趋势并不必然对等。6 原文和题目时态不符时，除了“原文是将来时，题目是现在时或过去时，答