人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit8SectionB教材全解

人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit8SectionB教材全解Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?Unit 8 Section B教材全解1.Just go along Bridge Street and turn left when you see the library.就请沿着大桥街走，当你看到图书馆时，向左转。【重点注释】just此处作副词，用在祈使句中，以引起对某事的注意，有时可以使语气婉转，意思是“就请，尽管好了”。例如：Just(=Please) come here a moment.请过来一下。Just listen to me!就请听一听我说！If you have any difficulties,just tell me.如果你有什么困难，尽管告诉我。Just sit here and have a short rest.就坐在这儿稍微休息一会儿吧。along此处作介词，意为“沿着”，相当于down。例如：We can walk along that road.我们可以沿着那条路走。There are trees all along the road.沿着这条路从头到尾都有树。We walked along the river.我们沿河散步。【拓展】along还可作副词，意为“向前，一同”。与动词连用时，常与on同义，表示“向前移动”。例如：Come along,Ling Feng.凌峰，来吧。Let us walk along.让我们向前步行。【注意】课本原句中，go along=walk along,这两个短语都意为“沿着走”，along无方向性。go down=walk down也表示“沿着走”，但down指由北向南，由中心向四周。turn left意为“向左转”，turn是不及物动词，意思是“转向”，left是副词，意思是“在左边，向左”。turn right意思是“向右转”，反义短语为turn left，它们分别相当于turn to the right和turn to the left。例如：Turn left and the hospital is on the right.向左拐，医院就在右边。You have to turn right here.你必须在这里向右转。【拓展记忆】1）turn还用过连系动词，意为“变得”，相当于become。例如：In autumn,the leaves turn yellow.秋天树叶变黄。2）left还用作名词，意思是“左边”，其反义词是right，意思是“右边”。例如：Look at the picture on the left.请看左边的这幅图画。It is on the right of the garden.它在花园的右面。2.Go along Long Street and its on the right.沿着长街走，它在右边。【重点注释】on the right在右边，on ones right=on the ritht of在的右边；on the left在左边，on ones left=on the left of在的左边参见以上“拓展记忆”的“left”注释。例如：Whos the boy on the left?左边的男孩是谁？Daming is sitting on Amys right.= Daming is sitting on the right of Amy.大明坐在埃米的右边。3.Turn right at the first crossing and the restaurant is on your left,across from the pay phone.在第一个十字路口向右转，餐厅在你的左边，付费电话的对面。【重点注释】crossing名词，意为“十字路口”，at the first crossing在第一个十字路口。例如：Turn left at the second crossing.在第二个十字路口向左拐。【拓展】turn right/left at the+序数词+crossing=Take the+序数词+crossing on the right/left.意为“在第几个十字路口向右/向左转”。例如：Turn left at the second crossing.=Take the second crossing on the left.在第二个十字路口向左转。【注意】turning（名词）是“转弯”的意思，例如：Take the first turning on the left.在第一个转弯处（此处非“十字路口” ）左转。on your left在你的左边。on ones left/right意为“在某人的左边/右边”，此处left是名词，意为“左边”（参见注释2）。例如：Zhang Feng is sitting on my left.张峰坐在我的左边。常见的指路的表达方式(1)Walk /Go along/up/downroad/street.沿着路/街往前走。(2)Turn right/left at thecrossing/turning.=Take thecrossing/turning on the right/left.在第路口处向右/左转。(3)Go across the bridge.过桥。(4)Go on until you reach the一直走到。(5)Its between theand the它在和之间。(6)Its next to/near the它紧接着/靠近。(7)Its on your left/right hand side.它就在你的左/右手边。(8)Its far from here.You can take Nobus.离这儿很远。你可以乘坐路公共汽车。4.There is a zoo in my neighborhood在我的街区有一个动物园。【重点注释】neighborhood是一个集体名词，意思是“街区；街坊”，in the neighborhood意为“在附近，在邻近地区”，相当于near here；in the neighborhood of=in ones neighborhood意为“在的附近；在小区”。例如： Is there a bank in the neighborhood?这附近有家银行吗？We live in the neighborhood of the park.我们住在公园附近。I want to live in the neighborhood of London.我想住在伦敦附近。【拓展记忆】某些名词+hood可以构成另一个意思相近的名词。neighbor（邻居）+hoodneighborhood（街坊）；child（孩子）+hoodchildhood（幼年，童年）5.I like to spend time there on weekends.我喜欢在那儿度过周末时光。【重点注释】spend是动词，在此句中意为“度过，花（时间）”。spend还有“花费金钱”之意。例如：Where do you spend the most time?你的大多数时间在哪里度过？I want to spend my winter vacation in France.我想在法国度过我的寒假。Im going to spend ten days in Japan.我打算在日本度过十天。You can spend five yuan on the book.你可以花5元钱买这本书。【辨析记忆】spend，take，cost与pay：四者都有“花费”之意，但用法不同。spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：(1)spend time/money on sth.在上花费时间/金钱。I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2)spend time/money(in)doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事。They spent two years (in) building this bridge.建造这座桥花了他们两年时间。cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：(1)sth. cost(s) (sb.)+金钱，意思是“某物花了（某人）多少钱”。A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2)(doing)sth.costs (sb.)+时间，意思是“某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间”。Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。take的主语是物，后面常接双宾语，常见用法如下：(1)It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing sth.takes sb.+时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。pay的主语是人，基本用法如下：(1)pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买。I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付20英镑的房租。(2)pay for sth.付的钱。I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱。Dont worry!Ill pay for you.别担心！我会给你付钱的。(4)pay sb.付钱给某人。They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。(5)pay money back还钱。May I borrow 12 yuan from you?Ill pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。spend，take，cost与pay的基本用法spend主语是人Sb.spend(s)on sth.Sb.spend(s)(in) doing sth.某人花时间/金钱做某事I spent 5 yuan on that book.take常用it作形式主语It takes sb.some time to do sth.某人花费多长时间做某事It took him sever days to make the big cake.cost主语是物Sth.cost(s) sb.some money.某物花费某人多少钱The book cost me 5 yuan.pay主语是人Sb. pay(s) some money for sth.某人为某物付款I paid 5yuan for the book.【试题链接】My father one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.A.spent B.cost C.paid D.took （答案：A）【试题链接】Do you often get online?Yes.I lots of time on it.Its a good way to kill time.A.cost B.spend C.take D.use （答案：B）6.I love to watch the monkeys climbing around.我喜欢观看猴子们到处爬来爬去。【重点注释】watch是及物动词，意思是“观看；注视”，后接动词-ing形式或者接动词原形作宾语补足语。watch sb.doing sth.观看某人正在做某事强调所做的事正在进行中watch sb. do sth.观看某人做过或经常做某事所做的事为经常发生或已做过的事情例如：I watched the girl helping others.我看见这个女孩正在帮助别人。He watched them fighting.他看见他们在打架。We can watch the birds fly in the sky.我们能够看到鸟儿在天上飞。Do you have to watch him eat supper?你非得看他吃饭吗？Why do you stand and watch them fighting?你为什么站着看他们打架？around此处作副词，意为“到处；周围”，常用于不及物动词后，作状语。例如：You have 15 minutes to look around.你有15分钟的时间到周围看看。He looked around,but didnt find his son.他环顾四周，但没找到他儿子。They are playing around on the road.他们在路的周围玩。【拓展记忆】around还可作介词，意为“在周围”，例如：He is running around the playground.他在运动场上到处跑。around还可意为“大约；大概”，相当于about。例如：around 100 people大约100人，at around five oclock.在5点钟左右。7.They look like my friends and me when we fight!它们看起来像我和我的朋友们打闹时一样。【重点注释】look此处作连系动词，意为“看起来”；like此处作介词，意为“像”；look like意为“看起来像”，后可接名词、代词作宾语。例如：He looks like his father.他看起来像他的父亲。looklike=belike像，使用时注意动词的变化，例如：Shelookslikehermother.=Sheislikehermother.Shedoesntlooklikehermother.=Sheisntlikehermother.Doesshelooklikehermother?=Isshelikehermother?【辨析记忆】like和belike的区别：Tomislikehisfather.汤姆长得像他的爸爸。Tomlikeshisfather.汤姆喜欢他的爸爸。【拓展记忆】What does/do+主语+look like？用来询问某人的外貌特征，意为“看上去什么样？”。例如：What does your brother look like?你的弟弟长什么样？He is short and thin.他又矮又瘦。Whatdoeshelooklike?他长什么样？Whatishelike?8.To get there,I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road.要去那儿的话，我通常步行外出，在大桥路向右拐。【重点注释】to get there为动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语，放在句首起强调作用，也可放在句末。例如：To learn English well,he needs a dictionary.要学好英语，他需要一本词典。To catch the first bus,he got up very early in the morning.为了赶上头班车，他早上起得很早。I got up early to catch the fries bus.我早起是为了赶上头班车。He works day and night to get the money.他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。【试题链接】How kind you are!You always do what you can others.A.help B.helping C.helps D.to help（“你总是竭尽全力地去帮助别人”，答案：D）9.The best things in life are free!生活中最美好的东西是免费的呀！【重点注释】in life意为“生活中，一生中”，在句中作定语。介词短语作定语往往后置。life名词，意为“一生；终生”。例如：The weather in Beijing is sunny today.今天北京的天气晴朗。He lived in the country all his life.他终生住在乡下。What is his aim in life?他人生的目的是什么？There are many important things in life.生命中有许多重要的事情。【拓展记忆】life的用法：1）表示“生活”时，若指某种方式的生活，为可数名词。例如：What a life they had!他们过着什么样的生活啊！He leads a happy life in the country.他在乡村过着幸福的生活。若泛指一般意义的生活，则为不可数名词。例如：Do you like life in the country?你喜欢农村生活吗？2）表示“生命”时，若表示泛指意义或抽象意义，为不可数名词。例如：Stones dont have life.石头没有生命。若表示具体的“性命”，则为可数名词。例如：One careless step may cost a life.一步不小心可能会丧命。Several lives were lost in the accident.这次事故中有好几个人丧生。free此处作形容词，意为“免费的”。例如：Are the drinks free?这饮料是免费的吗？You need not payit is free.你不必付钱这是免费的。Our school is a free school.我们学校是公费学校。【拓展记忆】free作形容词，还可意为“空闲的”，其反义词为busy，意为“繁忙的”。be free=have time有空。例如：Are you free tomorrow?你明天有空吗？Are you free on Saturday morning to meet him?你星期六上午有空去见他吗？He gets a free afternoon once a week.他每周有一个下午空闲。10.It is very quiet and I enjoy reading there.它（图书馆）很安静，我喜欢在那里看书。【重点注释】enjoy常用作及物动词，意为“喜欢，享受的乐趣”，enjoy后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，enjoy sth.享受某事物/喜爱某物；enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事（不可接动词不定式，区别：like doing sth,like to do sth.）。例如：They are enjoying their dinner.他们在津津有味地吃饭。Alice doe