Minitab操作使用讲义.ppt

Minitab操作使用介紹QM/QS,Content,操作介面&主要功能介紹基本繪圖製程能力指標管制圖假設檢定,操作介面&主要功能介紹,起始畫面,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-File,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Edit,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Data,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Data-Transpose,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Data-Transpose,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Data-Transpose,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Data-Transpose,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Data-Stack,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Data-Stack,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Data-Stack,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Data-Stack,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Calc,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Stat,操作介面&主要功能介紹continue,功能表介紹-Graph,基本繪圖,直方圖柏拉圖散佈圖魚骨圖,基本繪圖-直方圖,銲錫厚度的好壞影響PCBA板的品質,為了解資料特性,故收集資料,繪製直方圖,判斷資料是否分布異常.,基本繪圖-直方圖continue,Step1:輸入資料,基本繪圖-直方圖continue,Step2:選擇功能(GraphHistogram),基本繪圖-直方圖continue,Step3:選擇圖形格式,基本繪圖-直方圖continue,Step4:於”Graphvariable”空白欄中點選左方欲繪製的資料行,基本繪圖-直方圖continue,Step5:按下ok，顯現圖形,基本繪圖-直方圖continue,實例練習Youworkforashampoomanufacturerandneedtoensurethatthecapsonyourbottlesarebeingfastenedproperly.Iffastenedtooloosely,theymayfalloffduringshipping.Iffastenedtootightly,theymaybehardforyourcustomerstoopen(especiallyintheshower).Youcollectarandomsampleofbottlesandtesttheamountoftorquerequiredtoremovethecaps.Createahistogramtoevaluatethedataanddeterminehowclosethesamplesaretothetargetvalueof18.打開CAP.MTW,基本繪圖-直方圖continue,實例結果,基本繪圖柏拉圖continue,為了解本週MNTProcess最常出現的不良現象,故收集本週Process不良現象出現的資料如下,基本繪圖柏拉圖continue,Step1：將資料分”不良原因”及”不良數目”輸入資料視窗中.,基本繪圖柏拉圖continue,Step2:選擇功能(StatQualityToolsParetoChart),基本繪圖柏拉圖continue,Step3：選擇Chartdefectstable。將不良原因點選至”Labelin”欄，不良數目點選至”Frequenciesin”欄。,基本繪圖柏拉圖continue,Step4：按下ok，顯現結果,基本繪圖柏拉圖continue,實例練習PCBA終檢站主要不良現象為金手指不良,為確認金手指最常出現的不良現象,故收集9月份的資料,繪製柏拉圖,找出主要Issue,並加以改善.收集資料如下,基本繪圖柏拉圖continue,實例結果,基本繪圖散佈圖,PCBA金手指主要不良現象之一為沾錫,利用BrainStorm判斷附著力大小為造成沾錫的影響原因,故收集各家廠商附著力與對應的沾錫比率資料,繪製散佈圖以確認影響關係.收集資料如下,基本繪圖散佈圖continue,Step1：將欲分析的變數資料keyin至資料視窗中,基本繪圖散佈圖continue,Step2：選擇功能(GraphScatterplot),基本繪圖散佈圖continue,Step3:選擇圖形格式,基本繪圖散佈圖continue,Step4:於”Graphvariable”空白欄中點選左方欲繪製的資料行,基本繪圖散佈圖continue,Step5:按下ok，顯現圖形,基本繪圖散佈圖continue,Step1：將欲分析的變數資料keyin至資料視窗中,基本繪圖散佈圖continue,Step2：選擇功能(GraphRegressionFittedLinePlot),基本繪圖散佈圖continue,Step3：分別將結果與影響因點選至”Response”,“Predictor”.,基本繪圖散佈圖continue,Step5:按下ok，顯現圖形,基本繪圖散佈圖continue,實例練習Youareinterestedinhowwellyourcompanyscamerabatteriesaremeetingcustomersneeds.Marketresearchshowsthatcustomersbecomeannoyediftheyhavetowaitlongerthan5.25secondsbetweenflashes.Youcollectasampleofbatteriesthathavebeeninuseforvaryingamountsoftimeandmeasurethevoltageremainingineachbatteryimmediatelyafteraflash(VoltsAfter),aswellasthelengthoftimerequiredforthebatterytobeabletoflashagain(flashrecoverytime,FlashRecov).Createascatterplottoexaminetheresults.Includeareferencelineatthecriticalflashrecoverytimeof5.25seconds.讀取BATTERIES.MTW,基本繪圖散佈圖continue,實例結果,基本繪圖魚骨圖,MNT檢驗時常發生手感不良現象,故針對此現象進行腦力激盪,列出所有造成手感不良的原因,並繪製成魚骨圖.,基本繪圖魚骨圖continue,Step1:將腦力激盪後結論的不良原因，以5M1E分類，並分行”輸入至Minitab資料視窗中.,基本繪圖魚骨圖continue,Step2:選擇功能(StatQualityToolsCause-and-Effect),基本繪圖魚骨圖continue,Step3:由左方顯示資料中,點選相對應Label之資料於Causes一欄點選相對應Label(5M1E)之資料行，並於”Effect”欄中填入探討的主題項目.,基本繪圖魚骨圖continue,Step4:按下ok，顯現結果,基本繪圖魚骨圖continue,實例練習UsingaParetochart,youdiscoveredthatyourpartswererejectedmostoftenduetosurfaceflaws.Thisafternoon,youaremeetingwithmembersofvariousdepartmentstobrainstormpotentialcausesfortheseflaws.Beforehand,youdecidetoprintacause-and-effect(fishbone)diagramtohelporganizeyournotesduringthemeeting.Theexamplebelowillustrateshowtogenerateacompletecause-and-effectdiagram.打開SURFACEFLAWS.MTW.,基本繪圖魚骨圖continue,實例結果,製程能力指標,以錫膏厚度為例,製程能力指標continue,Step1:輸入資料,製程能力指標continue,Step2:選擇功能(StatQualityToolCapabilityanalysisNormal),製程能力指標continue,Step3:將資料點選至“Singlecolumn”,填入subgroupsize.並將上下規格分別填入Lowerspec&Upperspec,製程能力指標continue,Step4:點選”Estimates”功能,選擇變異數的估計值,製程能力指標continue,Step5:按下ok,顯現結果,製程能力指標continue,實例練習Supposeyouworkatanautomobilemanufacturerinadepartmentthatassemblesengines.Oneoftheparts,acamshaft,mustbe600mm+2mmlongtomeetengineeringspecifications.Therehasbeenachronicproblemwithcamshaftlengthsbeingoutofspecification-aproblemthathascausedpoor-fittingassembliesdowntheproductionlineandhighscrapandreworkrates.Uponexaminationoftheinventoryrecords,youdiscoveredthatthereweretwosuppliersforthecamshafts.AnXbarandRchartshowedyouthatSupplier2scamshaftproductionwasoutofcontrol,soyoudecidedtostopacceptingproductionrunsfromthemuntiltheygettheirproductionundercontrol.AfterdroppingSupplier2,thenumberofpoorqualityassemblieshasdroppedsignificantly,buttheproblemshavenotcompletelydisappeared.YoudecidetorunacapabilitystudytoseewhetherSupplier1aloneiscapableofmeetingyourengineeringspecifications.打開CAMSHAFT.MTW,製程能力指標continue,實例結果,管制圖,Xbar-R管制圖Xbar-S管制圖P管制圖,管制圖Xbar-R管制圖,Monitor中白平衡值為衡量品質的重要指標之一,為即時監控白平衡值是否正常,故收集以下資料,繪製管制圖.,管制圖Xbar-R管制圖continue,Step1:輸入資料,管制圖Xbar-R管制圖continue,Step2:選擇功能(StatControlchartsVariablesChartsforSubgroupsXbar-R),管制圖Xbar-R管制圖continue,Step3:將資料點選至“Allobservationforachartareinonecolumn,填入subgroupsize.,管制圖Xbar-R管制圖continue,Step4:點選“Xbar-ROption”,選擇變異數估計值,管制圖Xbar-R管制圖continue,Step5:點選ok,顯現結果,管制圖Xbar-R管制圖continue,實例練習Youworkatanautomobileengineassemblyplant.Oneoftheparts,acamshaft,mustbe600mm+2mmlongtomeetengineeringspecifications.Therehasbeenachronicproblemwithcamshaftlengthbeingoutofspecification,whichcausespoor-fittingassemblies,resultinginhighscrapandreworkrates.YoursupervisorwantstorunXandRchartstomonitorthischaracteristic,soforamonth,youcollectatotalof100observations(20samplesof5camshaftseach)fromallthecamshaftsusedattheplant,and100observationsfromeachofyoursuppliers.FirstyouwilllookatcamshaftsproducedbySupplier2.打開CAMSHAFT.MTW,管制圖Xbar-R管制圖continue,實例結果,管制圖Xbar-S管制圖,PCBA錫膏印刷工站中,錫膏厚度為判斷印刷品質的重要參數,為即時監控印刷品質,故利用管制圖進行監控,管制圖Xbar-S管制圖continue,Step1:輸入資料,管制圖Xbar-S管制圖continue,Step2:選擇功能(StatControlchartsVariablesChartsforSubgroupsXbar-S),管制圖Xbar-S管制圖continue,Step3:將資料點選至“Allobservationforachartareinonecolumn,填入subgroupsize.,管制圖Xbar-S管制圖continue,Step4:點選“Xbar-SOption”,選擇變異數估計值,管制圖Xbar-S管制圖continue,Step5:點選ok,顯現結果,管制圖Xbar-S管制圖continue,實例練習Youworkatanautomobileengineassemblyplant.Oneoftheparts,acamshaft,mustbe600mm+2mmlongtomeetengineeringspecifications.Therehasbeenachronicproblemwithcamshaftlengthbeingoutofspecification,whichcausespoor-fittingassemblies,resultinginhighscrapandreworkrates.YoursupervisorwantstorunXandRchartstomonitorthischaracteristic,soforamonth,youcollectatotalof100observations(20samplesof5camshaftseach)fromallthecamshaftsusedattheplant,and100observationsfromeachofyoursuppliers.FirstyouwilllookatcamshaftsproducedbySupplier2.打開CAMSHAFT.MTW,管制圖Xbar-S管制圖continue,實例結果,管制圖P管制圖,PCBA錫膏印刷時,常會發生銲點不良現象,故設定焊點目檢工站,計算焊點不良造成PCBA不良的比率,並以P管制圖進行監控.收集不良資料如下,管制圖P管制圖,Step1:輸入不良數,管制圖P管制圖continue,Step2:選擇功能(StatControlchartsAttributeschartsPchart),管制圖P管制圖continue,Step3:將資料點選至“Variables”,輸入subgroupsize,管制圖P管制圖continue,Step4:點選ok,顯示結果,管制圖P管制圖continue,實例練習龍華IQC16月資料,管制圖P管制圖continue,不良P管制圖,假設檢定,1.平均數假設檢定-Z檢定:當樣本數30-t檢定:當樣本數30-ANOVA2.變異數假設檢定-卡方檢定-F檢定,假設檢定continue,根據比較的母體數,又可分為1.單一母體檢定E.g.H0:A=3,2.兩母體比較檢定E.g.H0:A=B3.多母體比較檢定E.g.H0:A=B=C=F,假設檢定continue,如何選擇適當的假設檢定方法?,假設檢定continue,TwosamplevarianceTest1.資料說明:產品的Testkey:R35(ITO/SDcontactResistance)受設計圖案不同，而在有不同的R35電性表現。原本AGZA產品為原本之R35設計，但R35值之變動相當大。為了改善R35值，在同尺寸的產品作了更改設計圖案，為確定改善後的產品(AGZC)是否在R35電性值是否有改善,故進行假設檢定。2.檢定方法:比較變異數,兩母體資料.twosamplevariance.,假設檢定continue,Step1:輸入資料,假設檢定continue,Step2:選擇功能(StatBasicStatistics2Variance),假設檢定continue,Step3:點選”Sampleindifferentcolumns”,並將資料分別選入First與Second欄內,假設檢定continue,Step4:按下ok,顯現結果檢定結果NLowerStDevUpperAGZA304332.985613.517895.70AGZC30246.21318.97448.65F-Test(normaldistribution)Teststatistic=309.72,p-value=0.000,以Ftest之結果判斷：AGZA與AGZC產品在R35之電性表現是有差異的。,假設檢定continue,實例練習Astudywasperformedinordertoevaluatetheeffectivenessoftwodevicesforimprovingtheefficiencyofgashome-heatingsystems.Energyconsumptioninhouseswasmeasuredafteroneofthetwodeviceswasinstalled.Thetwodeviceswereanelectricventdamper(Damper=1)andathermallyactivatedventdamper(Damper=2).Theenergyconsumptiondata(BTU.In)arestackedinonecolumnwithagroupingcolumn(Damper)containingidentifiersorsubscriptstodenotethepopulation.Youareinterestedincomparingthevariancesofthetwopopulationssothatyoucanconstructatwo-samplet-testandconfidenceintervaltocomparethetwodampers.打開FURNACE.MTW,假設檢定continue,實例結果DamperNLowerStDevUpper1402.406553.019874.027262502.254472.767023.56416F-Test(normaldistribution)Teststatistic=1.19,p-value=0.558,假設檢定continue,TwosampletTest1.資料說明:為產能考量,需調整GEPhotoPostBake溫度,實驗為由140度降至120度,因此,需檢定調之後,ADI值是否會受影響?將資料分為調整之前與調整之後,各收集10天左右的資料2.檢定方法:比較平均數,兩母體資料.twosamplettest,假設檢定continue,Step1:輸入資料,假設檢定continue,Step2:檢定兩資料變異數是否有差異檢定結果NLowerStDevUpperBefore300.04266460.05527340.0777449After520.03798960.04645530.0595049F-Test(normaldistribution)Teststatistic=1.42,p-value=0.274,以Ftest之結果判斷：變異數無差異,假設檢定continue,Step3:選擇功能(StatBasicStatistics2samplet),假設檢定continue,Step4:點選”Sampleindifferentcolumns”,並將資料分別選入First與Second欄內.根據變異數檢定結果決定是否勾選”AssumeEqualVariance”,假設檢定continue,Step5:按下ok,顯現結果檢定結果NMeanStDevSEMeanBefore300.07910.05530.010After520.08240.04650.0064Difference=mu(Before)-mu(After)Estimatefordifference:-0.00330595%CIfordifference:(-0.026042,0.019432)T-Testofdifference=0(vsnot=):T-Value=-0.29P-Value=0.773DF=80BothusePooledStDev=0.0498,以ttest之結果判斷：無差異,假設檢定continue,實例練習Astudywasperformedinordertoevaluatetheeffectivenessoftwodevicesforimprovingtheefficiencyofgashome-heatingsystems.Energyconsumptioninhouseswasmeasuredafteroneofthetwodeviceswasinstalled.Thetwodeviceswereanelectricventdamper(Damper=1)andathermallyactivatedventdamper(Damper=2).Theenergyconsumptiondata(BTU.In)arestackedinonecolumnwithagroupingcolumn(Damper)containingidentifiersorsubscriptstodenotethepopulation.Supposethatyouperformedavariancetestandfoundnoevidenceforvariancesbeingunequal(seeExampleof2Variances).Nowyouwanttocomparetheeffectivenessofthesetwodevicesbydeterminingwhetherornotthereisanyevidencethatthedifferencebetweenthedevicesisdifferentfromzero.打開FURNACE.MTW,假設檢定continue,實例結果Two-sampleTforBTU.InDamperNMeanStDevSEMean1409.913.020.4825010.142.770.39Difference=mu(1)-mu(2)Estimatefordifference:-0.23525095%CIfordifference:(-1.463811,0.993311)T-Testofdifference=0(vsnot=):T-Value=-0.38P-Value=0.704DF=80,假設檢定continue,ANOVA1.資料說明:為產能考量,需調整GEPhotoPostBake溫度,實驗為由14