公开课-名词性从句.ppt

名词性从句,volunteers,Thepicturestellusaboutv_work.,Thepicturestellusthatweshoulddosomevoluntarywork.,Itsoursocialresponsibility.,Thatweshoulddosomevoluntarywork.,“It”refersto?,Replace“it“!,Thatweshoulddosomevoluntaryworkisoursocialresponsibility.,宾语,宾语从句,充当主语subject,主语从句,Developit,Itsoursocialresponsibilitythatweshoulddosomevoluntarywork.,形式主语,Oursocialresponsibilityis_weshoulddosomevoluntarywork.,Oursocialresponsibility_weshoulddosomevoluntaryworkisnecessary.,that,that,表语从句,同位语从句,oluntary,名词性从句Nounclause,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,Hisjobisimportant.,isimportant.,表语,Thisishisjob.,Thisis,Whathedoes,whathedoeseveryday,辨别下列名词性从句的类别：1.Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.2.JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.3.Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.4.Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.5.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawinU.S.6.ItisimpossiblethatIgoandattendthemeeting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why,1。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义，宾语从句中可省略2。引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,that不可省略。,1.Thathewillsucceediscertain.2.Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3.Whathesaidisnottrue.4.Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5.Whoevercomesiswelcome.,主语从句,Underlinethesubject,一主语从句,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,1.It作形式主语,It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.Itdoesntinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.,1Thathewillsucceediscertain2Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown3Whentheywillstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet,1Itiscertainthathewillsucceed2Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere3Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstarttheproject,改成it作形式主语结构,2.用it作形式主语的结构,(1)Itis名词从句Itisafactthat事实是Itisanhonorthat非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识(2)Itis形容词从句Itisnaturalthat很自然Itisstrangethat奇怪的是(3)It不及物动词从句Itoccurstosbthat某人突然想起Itseemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat碰巧Itappearsthat似乎(4)Itis过去分词从句Itisreportedthat据报道Ithasbeenprovedthat已证实Itissaidthat据说,4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that则不然。1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveisasurprise.3)WhatIwanttoknowisthis.4)Thathecantakegoodcareofhimselfisquitecertain.注意由What引导的主语从句不能构成Itiswhat的句式。如Itisrightwhathesaid.,二宾语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。,1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.,2.作介词的宾语，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperate(合作）withoneanother.,3.作形容词的宾语，例如：Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.Iamsure(that)hewillwinthegame.,4.it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.,5.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：_我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,Idontthinkthedressfitsyouwell,三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat;Itisbecause和Thisiswhy等结构。例如：1)Thequestionis_wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisis_wecantgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremains_wearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereason_heislateforschoolis_hemissedtheearlybus.,whether/how,why,that,why,that,四同位语从句,1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，前面名词通常是decisionorder,fact,news,idea,opinion例如：1)Thekingsdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。,2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.,3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：,1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,（I）试比较下面两个例句:1.Thesuggestionthatheraisedatthemeetingisverygood.2.Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldhaveplentyofexerciseisverygood.,（that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略）,（that引导同位语从句,在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）,辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.2.Wemustfacethefactthatwehadspentallourmoney.3.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywasfalse.4.Ihavenodoubtthathewillcomesoon.5.Thefactisthatwehavespentallourmoney.,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,表语从句,翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.Whathewantsisabook.2.Itissonicethatwecanlearnthisgrammarpointtogether.3.ImsogladthatIcanmakefriendswithyou.4.Thisiswhyhedidit.5.Doyouagreetothesuggestionthatwe(should)haveatripinTibet?6.Thathewantsabookiscertain.7.Isuggestedjustnowwe(should)takepartinthisactivity.8.Whetheryoulikehimornotdoesntmattertoomuch.9.Hedoesntknowwhetheryoucansingitwell.10.Theproblemiswhetheryoucansingitwell.11.Theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotbeendecided.12.Pleasetellmewhoyourmonitoris.,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,考点在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：主语从句,Whetherhewillcomeisunknown.,2.表语从句，如：,Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.,3.同位语从句，如：,Thequestionwhetherhellattendthemeetingisnotdecided.,4.从句作介词的宾语，如：,Imnotinterestedinwhethertheyllgoornot.,6.直接跟不定式连用，如：,Shehasntdecidedwhethertogoornot.,Itdependsonwhetherornotwehavegotenoughmoney.,5.有ornot紧跟其后的,用if或whether填空,1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,考点主谓一致问题,何时开会还没有决定。,Whenthemeetingwillbegin_(have)notbeendecidedyet.,他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。,Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurdered_(is/are)stillunknown.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用_形式。,总结归纳：,单数,复数,has,Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgo_(have)stillunknown.,何时何地开会还没有决定。,Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin_(have)notbeendecidedyet.,have,has,单数,名词性从句在句中要用_语序,从句的引导词必须始终置于_,考点语序问题,1.Noonecanbesure_inamillionyears.whatwillmanlooklikeB.whatmanwilllooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike,陈述,总结归纳：,2.Youcantimagine_whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited,句首,考点时态问题,2.Ourphysicsteacheroncetoldusthatlight_（travel）fasterthansound.,travels,总结归纳：,3)主句的动词用一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用各种时态,1.Hesaidthathewillgotothestation.(改错）.,3.TomsaysthatMary_(go)abroadlastyearand_(be)therefornearly5months.,1）主句的动词用过去时，从句谓语动词用过去的某种时态,2）主句的动词用过去时，从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语等，从句谓语动词用一般现在时,went,hasbeen,would,Isuggestthatshe(shoul)doherworkalone.Thecommanderinsistedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.但suggest意为“表明，暗示”等时；insist为“坚持主张，坚持认为”等时，应用陈述语气：Hisexpressionsgguestedthathedisagreedwithme.Thedoctorinsistedthehistreatmentwasright.,在宾语从句中，表建议，命令，坚持，要求command,order,suggest,advise,insist,desire(请求）,demand,beg,require,request，propose等动词如果后面加上宾语从句的话,从句谓语部分必须用（should）do,考点语气,在主语从句中itis+necessary(important,natrural,strange,essentail,etc）+thatitis+apity(ashame,nowonder,etc)+thatitis+suggested(requested,proprosed,desired,ect)+that如：Itisstrangethatshe(should)thinkso在同位语从句和表语从句中，名称是表示“建议，请求，要求，命令”等的从句用虚拟语气，如：Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.Hissuggestionthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscussthequestionissurpportedbyus.,1.Itisimportantthat_oureducationinallavailableways.A.wemustdevelopB.weshalldevelopC.wewoulddevelopD.weshoulddevelop2.Itisnecessarythat_bytheendoftheweek.A.wegoteverythingreadyB.wehavegoteverythingreadyC.WegeteverythingreadyD.wemustgeteverythingready3.Itwasnaturalthat_.A.mypictureswouldsurprisethemB.mypicturessurprisedthemC.mypicturesshouldsurprisethemD.mypictureswouldhavesurprisedthem4.Iwonder_.A.whetherornotIllcatchthelastbusB.ifornotIllcatchthelastbusC.thatIllcatchthelastbusornotD.thatIllcatchthelastbus,Practice1.what/thata._hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus.b._