定语从句完整版

Unit 1attributive clause定语从句:修饰主句中名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。antecedent 先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。relative pronoun & relative adverb:关系代词/副词连接定语从句和主句并在定语中起作用的词。Function of relative words 1.连接作用。2. 指代作用 （指代先行词）。3.在从句中作成份。关系代词的用法归纳：定语从句中，that/ which指代物作主语时不省略,宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中，用who/that指代人;在从句中充当主语时，不能省;在从句中充当宾语时，用who/whom/that ,还可以省略。定语从句中，用whose指代人/物， -表示“某人的”、“某物的”在从句中充当定语。whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。指人时可用of whom.Please show me the book whose cover is red.the cover of which /of which the cover Ill call a person whose father knows you.the father of whom /of whom the father 1. The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. 2. The girl _ our teacher is talking with is her daughter.3. The girl_ mother is from Britain can speak English fluently. 4. I cant find the book _ is borrowed from the library.5. I cant find the book _ you lent to me. 6. Have you read the book _ author is a high school student? 7. Have you read the book _ the author recommend (推荐) to high school students? 8. I used to study in a classroom _ windows were all broken. 9. The woman _ we saw on the street got the job.10. Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat _ is eating her flowers.11. The book _ he bought yesterday is popular at present.12. Theres a mountain _ top is always covered with snow.13. The number of people _ going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000?以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。 a. They go to the newspapers own library to look up any information that they need. b. Everything that can be done has been done.c. There are few books (that )we can read.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who， All the guests that / who were invited to herwedding were important people. Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时, 引导定语从句用that 。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.This is the best film that I have ever seen. 3当先行词被 the very, the only, the same, the last 修饰时。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.注意：当先行词指人时，通常用关系代词 who。Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 4.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.5.当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时。 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.先行词作表语或关系词在从句中作表语时, 定语从句通常用 that 引导。（常可省略） ，She is no longer the girl （that ）she was. 先行词指人只用who而不用that 的情况：1，先行词是one , ones, anyone或those等。Anyone who does that must be mad.Those who dare to break the law will be punished.2,用在there be 结构中。There is a young man who wants to see you.3, 为了避免重复或引起歧义。The man that spoke at the meeting is our new teacher who has come from Shanghai.4.当先行词是人，后面有较长的修饰语时。I met a friend of mine in the park yesterday who had got three gold medals.5, 当先行词是I, you, he, they等时（常用于谚语）He who plays with fire gets burned.1.Is there anything _I can do for you?2.You can take any seat _ is free.3.The first thing _ I should do is to devote myself to study.4. The sculpture is not the only thing _ is missing.5. The writer and his novel _ you have just talked about are really well known.6. Who is the man _is standing there?7. She is no longer the girl _ she was before she went to the country.The man _ stands there is Tom.The girl _ I met is Ms Li.The boy _ watch was lost is Tom.The book _ lies on the desk is his.The pen _ you bought is good.The magazine _ cover is red is nice. Practice 11. This is the best film _ Ive seen.2. That is the last lesson _ I gave you.3. This is the very book _ Im after.4. That is just the coat _ color is red.5. That is the right place _ he works.6. I still remember the schools and boys _ I met there. 7. Everything _ you said is true. 8. Which is the book _ you want? 9. Who is the girl _ sits there.10. All _ he said is true.11. All _ is said by him is true.12. Are there any problems _ trouble you?13. I will make full use of the time _ there is left for me. 19. You have made the same mistake _ you made last time.20. I had the same experience _ you have now.21.She went to the place _ she likes best.22. Those _ are present are well.23. Is this factory the one_ he visited?1.He did all / everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.Period three (U2)Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns.1. This is the story _ we wrote for our storytelling contest.2. The book _ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.3. He likes the birthday gifts _ his friends gave him.4. The girl _ you have just seen is very good at English.5. I dont know the name of the teacher _ I met in the computer room.Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns.6. Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?7. Daniel is the person _ I want to make friends with.8. Art is the subject _ I know little about.9. The Maths teacher is the person _ I got an A plus from.10. The topic _ Eric is interested in is Physics.Join the sentences with relative clauses:We could expect good decisions from you.We thought of you as a person.We thought of you as a person (who/whom/that) we could expect good decisions from.We thought of you as a person from whom we could expect good decisions.You were to buy dog food with the money.The money is gone.The money (which/that) you were to buy dog food with is gone.The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone.Conclusion:When the relative pronoun is the object of the preposition, we use preposition to begin an attributive clause, that is, preposition + which/whom.In this case, the relative pronoun, which or whom, cannot be replaced with “that” or “who”.Besides, the relative pronoun cannot be left out. Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns:6. Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?7. Daniel is the person _ I want to make friends with.8. Art is the subject_ I know little about.9. The Maths teacher is the person_ I got an A plus from.10. The topic_- Eric is interested in is Physics.Fill in the blanks with “prep.+ which/whom”:1. Are you interested in any songs _ _ youve listened.2. Tomorrow is a particular day _ _ his daughter will get married.3. This is the knife _ _ I usually cut bread.4. We cant live without the sun _ _ we get heat and light.5. The subject _ _ Eric is interested is physics.6. Do you know the girl _ _ our head teacher is shaking hands?7. I cant find my dictionary _ _ I paid over $100 .8. This is the good car _ _ I spent all my money.9. She is the teacher _ _all his students show respect .10. The teacher _ _ you have been waiting is coming in a minute.Translate the following sentences:1. 你有没有看见那座红房子，屋子前有一棵大树。2. 你有没有参观过那座大厦？在大厦顶上你可以俯瞰整座城市。关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人，which 指物,且不可省略；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1. Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?2. The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. 3.Do you know the boy (that/who/whom) she was talking to?4. The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke. 介词的选用原则1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。如： This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan. spend money on sth.为固定搭配2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：I remember the day on which I joined the League. I remember the days during which I lived here. I remember the month in which I stayed there.3) 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关 系。 Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?4) 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。 Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure？含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. This is the watch for which I am looking. The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常如下： 1). I like the way _you explained to me. 2). I like the way _ was given by you.3).The way _he answered the questions was surprising. I dont like the way you talked to your mother.（choose the one that is not proper for this blank） A. that B. which C. in whichD. /1. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that2. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom3. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which4. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which 5. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 6. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy. A. that B. which C. what D. whom 7. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared rare rainbow soon. A. of whichB. on which C. from whichD. above which 8. The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which Assignments: fill in the blanks with “prep + relative pron”.1. Do you remember the day _ we left you in charge.2. I often think of the moment _ I saw the UFO.3. I remember the time _ Eric won that speech competition.4. It rained the whole day _ he travelled with his family.5. The police searched the house _ the thief had stayed.6. Mike wants to work in a country _ there are a lot of rainforests.7. This is not a family _ bad behavior goes unpunished.8. The study is the place _ I often have talks with my father.9. I wont listen to the reason _ you didnt do your homework.10. This is the reason _ my parents got home earlier.1.Do you like the book _ she spent $10?2.Do you like the book _ she paid $10?Use proper prepositions and relative pronouns to fill in the blanks.3. Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _ she often talks? 5. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 6. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.7. This is the book _ I am looking for. Period Four (U2)The attributive clause introduced by when, where and why.Fill in the blanks with “prep + relative pron”.1. Do you remember the day _ we left you in charge.2. I often think of the moment _ I saw the UFO.3. I remember the time _ Eric won that speech competition.4. It rained the whole day _ he travelled with his family.5. The police searched the house _ the thief had stayed.6. Mike wants to work in a country _ there are a lot of rainforests.7. This is not a family _ bad behavior goes unpunished.8. The study is the place _ I often have talks with my father.9. I wont listen to the reason _ you didnt do your homework.10. This is the reason _ my parents got home earlier.1. Do you remember the day _ we left you in charge.2. I often think of the moment _ I saw the UFO.3. I remember the time _ Eric won that speech competition.4. It rained the whole day _ he travelled with his family.5. The police searched the house _ the thief had stayed.6. Mike wants to work in a country _ there are a lot of rainforests.7. This is not a family _ bad behavior goes unpunished.8. The study is the place _ I often have talks with my father.9. I wont listen to the reason _ you didnt do your homework.10. This is the reason _ my parents got home earlier. “when” or “which”?1. I still remember the days _ we stayed together in Beijing.2. I still remember the days _ we spent together in Beijing.3. I still remember the days _ we enjoyed ourselves in Beijing.4. I still remember the days _ we enjoyed in Beijing. “where” or “which”?5. That blue house is the place _ I lived yesterday.6. That blue house is the place _ I visited yesterday.7. That blue house is the place _ I paid a visit yesterday.8. That blue house is the place _ I paid a visit to yesterday.9. Do you know the reason _ he told me the news last week?10. Do you know the reason _ he told me last week?11. Do you know the reason _ he was late this morning?12. Do you know the reason _ he was late for this morning?1. 定语从句中关系副词有：when, where, why 2. 关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份： 关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。 when 作时间状语；where 作地点状语； why 作原因状语。如：定语从句中关系副词的用法3. 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语，宾语，表语或定语就必须用关系代词1),We often think of the days which we spent together in the countryside.which在定语从句中作宾语2).We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside. when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 on the days。比较: 1).We believe the reason _ he told us. 2).The reason _he was absent yesterday is still unknown. This is the factory _produces radios. This is the factory _radios are produced.3.The pen (_) she wrote that book) can now be seen in a museum.4.Kunming is a beautiful place ( _ ) flowers are seen all the year round.5.Yesterday we went to visit the house ( _ ) the great writer used to live.4. 关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。 when 相当于“at/in/during+which” where 相当于“in/at/on+which” why 相当于“for + which” 如：注意：关系副词与关系代词在定语从句中的关系：“介词+关系代词”在从句中作状语相当于一个关系副词。The factory that/which Mr. Wang works in is a shoe one.The factory in which Mr. Wang works is a shoe one.The factory where Mr. Wang works is a shoe one.如：王先生工作的那家工厂是一家鞋厂。他将永远记住他入团的那天。 He will forever remember the day _he joined the League on.2. He will forever remember the day _he joined the League.3. He will forever remember the day _he joined the League.1. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. that C. where D. when 3. The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. when D. where5. There was _ time_ I hated to go to school. A. a, that B. a, when C. the, that D. the, when6. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have got home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which7. If a shop has chairs_ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where 8. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where 9. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. A. when B. whose C. which D. where 10. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when 11. The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where 12. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. wha