Simplorer7教程1.ppt

AnsoftCorporationemsup,SimplorerV7BasicTraining1stDay,Simplorer_Day1,pg.26/28/2005,1stDayContent,SystemstructureandbackgroundCircuitSimulationExamples#1,#2BlockDiagramSimulationExample#3StateMachineSimulationExample#4,4a,5,6,7OverviewofAdditionalLibrariesAutomotive,Mechsim,Power,IST-LibraryAdditionalInformation-AC-Analysis-VHDL-AMS-C-Interface-Matlab-Simulink-Interface,Simplorer_Day1,pg.36/28/2005,Power,R1,TR1,cs:=AS1,Gain,Gain,NEG,NEG1,SUM,TR1.I,RefVal,DifferentwayfordatatoflowinSimplorer,Schematic,StateMachine,BlockDiagram,Resistance,Controlsignal,Current,Simplorer_Day1,pg.226/28/2005,NamingConventions,CircuitSimulator-PassiveComponents,ReadOnly,ReadandWrite,Symbol,ComponentName,R_SHUNT.I,currentofthecomponent,R_SHUNT.dI,1stderivativeofofthecurrent,R_SHUNT.V,voltageofthecomponent,R_SHUNT.dV,1stderivativeofofthevoltage,C_LINK.C,valueofthecomponent,C_LINK.VO,initialvoltagevalue,C_LINK.Q,chargeofacapacitance,L_LOAD.PSI,fluxlinkageofinductor,R_SHUNT.R,resistance,Simplorer_Day1,pg.236/28/2005,ComponentSpecificParameterDialogs,BluecolorforoutputRedcolorforparametersBrownforbi-directional,VoltageSource,Simplorer_Day1,pg.246/28/2005,NamingConventions-Blocks,Integ.VALValueoftheBlockOutputSignalInteg.KIIntegralGainInteg.Y0InitialOutputValueInteg.ULUpperLimit(0=nolimit)Integ.LLLowerLimit(0=nolimit)Integ.TSSamplingTime,I,Integ,BlockName,Simplorer_Day1,pg.256/28/2005,NamingConventionsStateMachine,StateMachineSimulator/ExpressionEvaluator,OFF,Statename,RefVal,Nameofavariable,carriesaquantity,executedwhenstateisactivedependingontypeofaction(STEP,SET,.),ActivitysituationofastateDelivers0,ifthestateisinactiveDelivers1,ifthestateisactive,RefVal:=A*sin(2*PI*freq*t),OFF.ST,Simplorer_Day1,pg.266/28/2005,ReservedInternalVariables,TEND,HMIN,HMAX,THETA,FSTART,FEND,F,T,H,PI,TRUE,FALSE,SECM.ITERAT,FSTEP,SimulationEndTime,MinimumTimeStep,MaximumTimeStep,AmbientTemperature,StartFrequency,EndFrequency,CurrentFrequency,CurrentTimeStep,Mathematical,Logical,Current#ofIterations,FrequencyStepSize,CurrentTime,Simplorer_Day1,pg.276/28/2005,UserManagement,UserName,Loadthelastopenedproject,StartnewProjectorSchematic,Allsettingsforthegivenuserarerestored,whenSIMPLORERisre-started,iftheuserdoesnotexist,createanewone,Simplorer_Day1,pg.286/28/2005,WelcomeScreen,Create/Openasimulationmodel/project,Simplorer_Day1,pg.296/28/2005,ProjectManagement,ProjectName,ProjectDescription,Projectlocation,CLICK,Aprojectcontainsallfilesbelongingtoasimulationtask,suchasschematics,results,experiments,etc.,When“Project/Newisselected:,Simplorer_Day1,pg.306/28/2005,SSCCommanderProjectManagement,ApplicationLauncher,ToolBar,SimulationQueue,Listoffilesassociatedwiththeselectedapplication,.ssh.sml.vhd.day.smd.sml.idl.ssh,Simplorer_Day1,pg.316/28/2005,ProjectCopy,Multiplesheetsatdifferentlocationscouldbeincludedinoneproject.Cancopyallfilesofaprojectintoonedirectoryby:Opentheproject.Clickonproject/copy.Browseintothenewlocationandassignaprojectname.Projectwillbecopiedwithallofitsfilesintothesamedirectory.,Simplorer_Day1,pg.326/28/2005,Install/removeLibraries,Toaddoneormorelibraries,selectthemintheupperwindow.,Options-,.andaddtheselectionorallofthelibrariesinthedirectory,Dontforgettosaveyourinstallation!,LibrariescanalsobeinsertedorremovedintheschematicLibrariescanbesavedinacommonlocationandsharedoveranetwork,Simplorer_Day1,pg.336/28/2005,Install/removeLibraries,Librariescanalsobeinsertedorremovedintheschematic.Rightmouseclickinthelibraryarea.Selectinsert,new,orremove.,Simplorer_Day1,pg.346/28/2005,SymbolsintheModelAgent(library),Resultsonsheet,Basiccomponents,C-models,Macros,Subsheets,Simplorer_Day1,pg.356/28/2005,SimulatorOptions/Commander,Compilerorsimulatorwillstop,whenawarningoccurs,Numberoftimesteps,beforeactiveelementsortheViewToolisupdated.Increasetosavesimulationtime,Optionsforstorageofthesimulatorstateandusageofsavedstates,Savethestatesofallcomponentscontainedinasimulationmodel.Cancontinuethesimulationlaterfromthelaststate.,Loadanduseanexistingstatefileautomaticallyatthestartofthesimulation.,Savethevaluesofenergystoragecontainedinasimulationmodel.Thesevaluescouldalsobeusedasaninitialvaluesforasimulation.,Simplorer_Day1,pg.366/28/2005,SimulatorOptions/Sheet,Whensimulationdataisnotavailable.,Whensimulationdataisavailable.,Filesbelowarecreatedifaboveoptionsselected:.KRNgeneratedattheendofthesimulationwithautomaticallysavestateoption.AWSinitialvaluefile,containsthevaluesofenergystoringcomponents,Simplorer_Day1,pg.376/28/2005,NumericalDataConventions,Simplorer_Day1,pg.386/28/2005,FormulasandExpressions,Formulasconsistofoperandsandoperators.Operandscanbeanynumeralsornames.Operatorscompareorassignavalue.X:=Y+Z;X,Y,andZaretheoperandsand:=and+aretheoperators.,Simplorer_Day1,pg.396/28/2005,IntegrationParameters,Minimumandmaximumstepsizesettings,Solver,Itermaxisthemaximumnumberofiterationsforonesimulationstep.,IEMAX/VEMAXisthemaximumcurrent/voltageerror,Advancedstepmode,Simplorer_Day1,pg.406/28/2005,BasicRulesforChoiceofTimeStep,Properchoiceofminimumandmaximumintegrationstepsizeisveryimportantforcorrectsimulationresults.,Simplorer_Day1,pg.416/28/2005,AdvancedStepMode,1.Check“AdvancedStepMode“2.NumberofEqualStepsIf0:Maximalaccelerationofthesimulation.3.StepAccelerationDamping%If0:Nodamping,maximalaccelerationofthesimulationForcasesofaninstablebehaviortheparametersunder2.and3.canbeincreased.,Section2CircuitSimulation,Simplorer_Day1,pg.436/28/2005,SIMPLORERSchematic,ToolBars,Libraries,DrawingArea,Warnings,ErrorsandMessagesArea,LibraryComponents,Simplorer_Day1,pg.446/28/2005,CircuitSimulator-Algorithms,ModifiedNodalApproach:potentialateverynode,conductionbetweennodesEulerimplicit(slower)andtrapezoidintegration(faster)algorithmsLinearandnonlinear,expressionandexternallycontrolledpassivecomponentsandsourcesLinearandnonlinearinternallycontrolledsourcesVariabletimestepdeterminationwithuserdefinedupper(hmax)andlower(hmin)limit,Simplorer_Day1,pg.456/28/2005,DirectionConventions,Note:Thereddotcharacterizesthepin,wherethecurrentisconsideredbeingpositiveenteringthecomponent.,passiveelementsuchasresistance,voltagesource,R.V=V(a)-V(b),a,b,a,b,E1.EMF=V(b)-V(a),E1.V=V(a)-V(b),E1.EMF=V(a)-V(b)Spiceconvention,R,E1,(voltage),(voltage)(EMF),(current),(current),Simplorer_Day1,pg.466/28/2005,GroundNode,Note:Donotforgetthegroundnodeforeachseparatecircuit!,1.RightMouseClickonthesheet,2.ConnectToolbar,3.ConnectMenu,Threewaystoaddagroundnode:,Simplorer_Day1,pg.476/28/2005,ElectricalComponents,ComponentSymbol,ComponentProperties,ComponentName,ComponentParameters&Settings,ElectricalComponentshaveidealconnectivity,lineresistances,inductanceetc.havetobeaddedseparately,Simplorer_Day1,pg.486/28/2005,NonlinearResistance,Thevoltage-currentrelationisdefinedbyanonlinearcharacteristic,Dragtheresistorintothesheet,SelectNonlinearI=f(v)AndclicktheCharacteristicbutton,SelectReferenceorLook-upTable,Doubleclickontheresistortogetthepropertywindow,Enterthevalueshere,Simplorer_Day1,pg.496/28/2005,NonlinearComponents,Thevoltage-currentrelationisdefinedbyanequation,Dragtheresistorintothesheet,Doubleclickontheresistortogetthepropertywindow,Definethevariablethatspecifiestheresistorvalue.value*10valueisdefinedelsewhereinthesheet,Changethenameoftheresistor,Simplorer_Day1,pg.506/28/2005,OutputandDisplayDefinition,RightmouseclickoncomponentandselectProperties,Output/DisplayShowandhideparametersonthecomponent,defineoutputs,Note:EnableViewtoolunderSheetProperties,ToDAYpostprocessor,DisplayOptions,ToViewtool,Simplorer_Day1,pg.516/28/2005,HowtoDefineanOutput,Rightmouseclick,Thedefaultoutputquantitiesalreadypredefinedhere,Onlineanalogoutput,displayedinViewToolorQuickViewautomatically,File(database)output,Simplorer_Day1,pg.526/28/2005,VoltageSource,Canbeaconstant,equation,orexternallycontrolledThevalueofanequationcontrolledcomponentisdeterminedfromtheresultoftheequation,Simplorer_Day1,pg.536/28/2005,ControlledVoltageSource,LinearornonlinearControlledbymeasuredquantity:eithervoltageorcurrent,Simplorer_Day1,pg.546/28/2005,SwitchesandSemiconductors,Simplorer_Day1,pg.556/28/2005,SwitchesandSemiconductors,Idealswitchesandsemiconductor-systemlevel,Semiconductor-devicelevel,Spicecompatiblemodels,Simplorer_Day1,pg.566/28/2005,OtherComponents/BasicLibrary,DCmotor,3phmotor,1phtransformer,3phtransformer,Simplorer_Day1,pg.576/28/2005,OtherComponents/BasicLibrary,Measurement(Electrical),Measurement(Fluid),Measurement(Magnetic),Measurement(Mechanical),Measurement(Thermal),Simplorer_Day1,pg.586/28/2005,OtherComponents/BasicLibrary,SignalCharacteristics,Simplorer_Day1,pg.596/28/2005,NonlinearComponentsX-Y-Relation,Simplorer_Day1,pg.606/28/2005,UsefulThingsRightMouseClick,RightMouseClickonanelementopenstheobjectmenuwithmostcommonfunctions,RightMouseClickonanareaofthetoolbaropenstheobjectmenutoturnONorOFFtoolbars,RightMouseClickonanemptyareaofthesheetopensthesheetobjectmenuwithgeneralsetting,wiring,etc,Sheet,Toolbar,Component,Folder,Element,Simplorer_Day1,pg.616/28/2005,DataReduction,Rightmouseclickinthesheet,InResultDatabasetab,Selectdatareduction,TooltoreducethesizeoftheoutputfilebyreducingthefrequencyofsavingsimulationstepsDoesnotimpactpreviouslysolvedprojects,Simplorer_Day1,pg.626/28/2005,GraphicsandDisplaySettings,RightmouseclickinthesheetandselectOutputs/ViewtooltolimitdatadisplayedinViewtool,SetY-AxisLimitsForDisplay,DisplaySelectedPeriodOnly,Simplorer_Day1,pg.636/28/2005,PageSetupandSystemSettings,SelectSheet/Properties/PageSize,SelectSheet/Properties/System,ForautomaticstartofViewtool,checkhere.,Simplorer_Day1,pg.646/28/2005,IntegrationFormula,IdealOscillator,Euler,Trapezoidal,Selectintegrationmethodusing:Simulation/ParametersTheintegrationformulainfluencestheresult:Trapezoidalisfastbutmaybeinstable(default)Euler(basicwithstiffnessmethod)isfastandstablebutdampens,Hmin=10uHmax=100m,Hmin=10uHmax=10m,Simplorer_Day1,pg.656/28/2005,OutputDisplaywith2DView,Simplorer_Day1,pg.666/28/2005,QuickView/SlidingWindow,Rightmouseclick,ChecktheRangeboxandsetthevalueoftheslidingwindowofthegraphic,Simplorer_Day1,pg.676/28/2005,QuickView/MultipleAxis,Clickonyellowfoldertoaddasecondy-axis,Simplorer_Day1,pg.686/28/2005,PlaceHolders(textboxes),ClickonDraw/TextandplaceitinthesheetRightmouseclick,Selectandinserttheitem,Simplorer_Day1,pg.696/28/2005,AdvancedSettingsforTimeFunctions,Simplorer_Day1,pg.706/28/2005,AdvancedSettingsforTimeFunctions,Simplorer_Day1,pg.716/28/2005,DAYPostProcessing,IEEE488.2DataInterface(GPIB)GraphicalandnumericaldataanalysisandrepresentationPowerModuleChannelCalculatorFFTPresentationModeMatlabandMathcadIntegration,Simplorer_Day1,pg.726/28/2005,Compatibility,MS-OfficecompatibleReadandwriteExcel,AccessCopy&PastetoandfromWord,PowerPoint,ExcelWindowsPrintingSupportDataFormatcompatibleASCIIAccess(*.mdb)Excel(*.xls)CSV(*.csv)Comtrade(*.cfg)SPICE(*.out)TEKOscilloscopedata(*.dat),Example#1Varistor-NonlinearResistance,Simplorer_Day1,pg.746/28/2005,ExampleProblem#1Varistor-NonlinearResistance,Thevaristormodelisdefinedasanonlinearcharacteristicusinga2Dlookuptablefromwithintheresistorcomponent.ThedatacanbeobtaineddirectlyfromameasurementdeviceviatheSIMPLORERIEEE-interfaceorenteredmanually.,Simulationproperties:SimulationEndTime100mMinimumTimeStep10uMaximumTimeStep1m,Usethedefault“timecontrolled”valuesforthesource,Simplorer_Day1,pg.756/28/2005,CircuitSetup,AddaVoltageSource,Inductor,and2ResistorsFromTheBasicComponentsLibrary,DontForgettheGround!,Simplorer_Day1,pg.766/28/2005,NonlinearResistor,Clickon“yellowcornerbox”andentervalues,SavetoafileorReadadatafile,Simplorer_Day1,pg.776/28/2005,SimulationResult,Toaddanewplot:Ontoolbar,select2DViewicon(or)fromlibrary,selectDisplays/2DViewToscalequantities,RMBonplotandselectBestRepresentation,Simplorer_Day1,pg.786/28/2005,HowtoDisplaytheCharacteristic,Addone2DView(con)andtwoDatafromsimulation,Note:theConnectGraphconsistsof2parts:theConnectGraphandtheassociated2Dview,Simplorer_Day1,pg.796/28/2005,SettingsandResults,Connectchannel1toXterminal,SetR2.Vforchannel1,Connectchannel2toY1terminal,SetR2.Iforchannel2,Example#2DCDriveforaPermanentMagnetDCMotor,Simplorer_Day1,pg.816/28/2005,ExampleProblem#2DCDrive,Periodoftheinputsinewaveis16.666ms-Hmax=16.666m/20Steps=0.833ms,weuseHmax=0.5mandTend=200ms,=LA/RA=10mH/1=10ms-Hmin=10ms/20Steps=0.5ms,weuseHmin=Hmax/100=0.005ms,FourStaticDiodes,ACVoltageSource,DCMotor,Timestepchoice,Timeconstant,Note:Dontforgettheground!,Simplorer_Day1,pg.826/28/2005,DiodeDefinition,ClonethecomponentbydraggingwithpressedCTRLkey.,Chooseequivalentlinediodetype,Simplorer_Day1,pg.836/28/2005,VoltageSource,Simplorer_Day1,pg.846/28/2005,ElectricalMachineDCPermanentMagnetExcitation,Simplorer_Day1,pg.856/28/2005,SimulationresultsNocontrol,noloadandstaticdiodes,Note:AddtitleblocksusingDraw/Text,Section3BlockDiagramSimulator,Simplorer_Day1,pg.876/28/2005,BlockDiagramSimulator,DistributedintegrationalgorithmLinear,nonlinearandexternalcontrolledanalogblocksDigitalclosedloopcontrolsystemsusingdiscretetransferfunctionsMixeddigitalandanalogcontrolsystemsimulationinonemodel,Simplorer_Day1,pg.886/28/2005,Blocks,Continuous,Discrete,SignalProcessing,Math,Simplorer_Day1,pg.896/28/2005,DigitalControlCapabilities,Example:filterformotorcontrol,Samplingtimeissetlocallyforblocks(suchasinputs)whichuseasampletimeYoumaywantlongersamplingtimethantime-step,Example#3TransferFunctionStepResponse,Simplorer_Day1,pg.916/28/2005,ExampleProblem#3TransferFunctionStepResponse,+,1,TransferFunctionG(s),4.87,1+5s+6.25s2,STEP,NumeratorOrder:0DenominatorOrder:2,Input,SummationBlock,Output,TransferFunction,Goalofthisexampleistomodelaprocess,Simplorer_Day1,pg.926/28/2005,ModelDefinition,4.SetSampleTimelocally,Tend=100Hmin=10mHmax=1,B04.87,A01A15A26.25,1.AddS-Transferfunction,2.Addstepinput,Note:Thisisvoltageresponsefor“uncontrolled”process,3.Addtransferfunctioncoefficients,Simplorer_Day1,pg.936/28/2005,WithFeedBack,Tend=20Hmin=10mHmax=100m,5.Addfeedbackloopusingnegatorblock,Note:Thisisvoltageresponsefor“controlled”process,UseElement/RotateandElement/Fliptoalign,Simplorer_Day1,pg.946/28/2005,WithPIDController,Simplorer_Day1,pg.956/28/2005,SchematicandResult,Tend=20Hmin=10mHmax=100m,Note:Thisisvoltageresponsefor“controlled”processwithKP=0.5,KI=0,andKD=0,6.Addintegratorandderivativeblocks7.Needtoadd3rdinputpintoSUM2,Simplorer_Day1,pg.966/28/2005,StepResponseWithPID(Optimized),Tend=20Hmin=10mHmax=100m,7.Modifycoefficientsingain,integrator,andderivativeblocks,Note:Thisisvoltageresponsefor“controlled”processwithoptimizedPIDcoefficientsKP=1,KI=0.1,andKD=1,Section4StateMachineSimulation,Simplorer_Day1,pg.986/28/2005,StateMachineSimulator,StatemachinesimulatorisbasedonwellknownPETRI-nettheoryIntegrated,systemwideexpressionsandequationsbotharithmeticalandlogicalEventdrivensimulationProcessstatedependentmodificationofalmostanySIMPLORERsystemparameterincludingintegrationparametersandblocksEspeciallyfordiscontinuousprocesses,Simplorer_Day1,pg.996/28/2005,StateMachines,BehavioralModeling,SmartModels,statedependentsimulationparametermodification,Statedependentmodificationofsystemquantities,parametersandtopologies,MeasurementandcomputationofcharacteristicvaluesonlineduringSimulation,Simplorer_Day1,pg.1006/28/2005,BasicConceptofaStateMachine,activity1.n,activity1.n,activity1.n,activity1.n,activity1.n,activity1.n,INPUTState,CrossoverCondition,(Transition),OUTPUTState,I1,I2,I3,O1,O2,O3,Definethe“activity”tooccurateachinputstate,Definethe“activity”tooccurateachoutputstate,Simplorer_Day1,pg.1016/28/2005,AlmostAsWritingaProgram,Sequential,ParallelProcesses,Cycle,(Loop),Synchronization,Alternative,(IF-THEN-ELSE),Note:Manydifferentkindsofprocessescanbesimulated,Ifa10,Ifa=I_UPR,EQU,I_REF:=A*sin(OMEGA*t),I_LOW:=I_REF-D*A,I_UPR:=I_REF+D*A,R_LOAD.ITools)Watch:R_LOAD.I,I_UPR,I_LOW,ITERATIONSandSTEPSIZE(fromSIMPARAM-Box),SimulationResult(Display),Simplorer_Day1,pg.1136/28/2005,StudyofSimulationResults(SinglePhaseInverterBridge),EnlargedSimulationResult(Display)IncludingNumberofIterationsandStepsize(FromSIMPARAM-Box)Remark:(R_LOAD.I=I_UPR)EqualSigninTransitionofStateGraph:Inthemomentofprocessing:STEPSIZE:=HMIN(pinkcharacteristic!)NumberofIterationsdecreases(NoComparisonpoint!IfIterations=ITERMAX(notonlyatonesimulationstep):IEmaxandVEmaxarenotreached!Simulationcontainserrors!,Simplorer_Day1,pg.1146/28/2005,Example#4(continued)OnePhaseInverterwithDynamicIGBTs,Purpose:TocomparethestepsofgeneratingthissheetwithEx#4Single-PhaseInverter“TopresentoneapplicationundernearlypracticalconditionswiththedynamicIGBTs,Simplorer_Day1,pg.1156/28/2005,Example#4(continued)OnePhaseInverterwithDynamicIGBTs,AdditionalStatesneccessarybecauseoftheinternalIGBTCapacities=Re-Load-Processinthecapacitors,Simplorer_Day1,pg.1166/28/2005,Example#4(continued)OnePhaseInverterwithDynamicIGBTs,Switching-PiksoftheIGBT-Collector-Current,Example#5OnlineMeasurement,Simplorer_Day1,pg.1186/28/2005,ExampleProblem#5OnlineMeasurement,Process(Model),evaluatesystemquantitiesandsimulationstateatthetransition,evaluatesystemquantitiesandsimulationstateatthetransition,mathematicalcomputations,mathematicalcomputations,mathematicalcomputations,Usesystemquantitiestocomputecharacteristicvalues,max/min.,Simplorer_Day1,pg.1196/28/2005,OnlineMeasurement-Example,period,5ms,GoalistodeterminetheperiodandfrequencyofthecurrentripplefromthepreviousexampleWillmonitorthetimebetween2consecutivepeaks,aftera5msecwaitin