情态动词讲解和练习

Grammar,情态动词,非推测性情态动词shall,will,must,mustnt,should,would的用法,情态动词could,should/oughtto,may/might,neednt+havedone表示假设的用法,情态动词must,can/could,may/might,should/oughtto表猜测的用法,情态动词的一些惯用法,shall,1.shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。1)Youshallgowithme.(命令)2)YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)3)Heshallbepunished.(威胁)2.shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。4)Shallwebeginourclass?（征求意见）5)WhenshallMikebeabletoleavehospital?(请示)3.用语条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。6)“Theinterest_bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall,must,mustnt,1.must用于肯定句中表示“必须”-MustIhandinmyexercisesnow?-Yes,youmust.(No,youneednt.)我必须现在交练习吗？是的，必须。（不，你不必）2.Must用语肯定句中表示“偏偏”。Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughtermustgoanddotheopposite.自然地，在我交代女儿做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情3.mustnt表示“禁止”Youmustntplayinthestreet.你不能在街上玩耍。,usedto和would的区别,1.在表示过去重复的习惯时，usedto可用would代替。例如：Hewouldtakeawalkneartheforestintheevening.以前，他晚间常在森林附近散步。Heusedtotakeawalkneartheforestinthe(而现在已经不在那里散步了)2.usedto强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样而现在却不这样了”的意思；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常和often,everyday等连用。例如：Sheisntwhatsheusedtobe.她跟过去不一样了。（表示对比，不可用would）Wewouldsitintheyardeveryeveningandlistentohisstory.我们每天晚上坐在院子里，听他将故事。（表示过去的重复行为）3.表示过去的状态，只能用usedto，不可用would。例如：Thereusedtobeapark.以前这里有一个公园。,should表示“居然，竟然”。Icantbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。will表示“意愿”。Ifyouwillattendtheclub,pleasesignyournamehere.如果你愿意参加俱乐部，请在这里签名。may,can/could表示“按规定许可或征求别人的允许”。Icanparkmycarhere.(按规定停车)-Could/MayIparkmycarhere?(could表示语气更加委婉)-No,youcant/mustnt.Yes,youcan/may,巩固练习,1.-Wrtietomewhenyougethome.-I_.A.mustB.shouldC.willD.can2.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will3.-Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.-You_havemycomputerifyoudonttakecareofit.A.shantB.mightnotC.needntD.shouldnt4.Why_hethinklikethat?I_believeit.A.should;wontB.should;cantC.would;wontD.could;cant5._sheusethecomputerintheoffice?-Yes,please.A.WillB.WouldC.CanD.Shall,C,B,A,B,D,Must+do/bedoing可以对现在、现在进行的情况进行肯定的推测,1.Judgingfromhisaccident,hemustbefromthesouth.听他的口音，他一定是南方人。2.Tomboughtalotofapples.Hemustlikeeatingapples.汤姆买了很多苹果，他一定喜欢吃苹果。3.Itiselevenoclockatnightandthelightsareoff.Theymustbesleepingnow.现在已经是深夜十一点且灯都关了，他们一定是在睡觉了。,Must+havedone表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定作了某事”。,1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadwasverymuddy.昨晚一定是下雨了，因为地上很泥泞。2.Wemusthavelearned2,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词。3.HemusthavegonetoBeijing.他一定已经去北京了。,NOTICE,must表推测时只能用于肯定句中。与must有关句子的反意疑问句。,1.Judgingfromhisaccident,hemustbefromthesouth,2.Tomboughtalotofapples.Hemustlikeeatingapples,3.Itiselevenoclockatnightandthelightsareoff.Theymustbesleepingnow,isnt,he?,didnthe?,arentthey?,因must后是实意动词like,因must后是系动词be,must后接的是besleeping，是对正在进行的情况推测,1.Wemusthavelearned2,000wordsbytheendoflastterm,hadntwe?,3.HemusthavegonetoBeijing,didntit?,hasnthe?,若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去完成时完成反意疑问句,若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句,若句中不含任何时间状语，用现在完成时完成反意疑问句,2.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadwasverymuddy，,can后跟动词原形，表示小、对现在情况的否定和疑问推测,1.MrLihasgonetoBeijing,themanatthegatecantbehim。李老师去北京了，门口的那个人不可能是他。2.Thewatchisnotyours.Whoelsescanitbe?这块表不是你的，它可能是谁的呢？,can/could+havedone表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。,1.Cantheyhavewonthebasketballmatch?他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？2.ItcouldnthavebeenMr.Green.HehasgonetoNewYork.那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。,may/might后跟动词原形，表示对现在情况的推测。may/might+havedone表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许/已经”。一般只用语肯定句和否定句中，不用与疑问句。might比may更委婉、含蓄和不肯定。,1.Hemay/mightbeEnglish.他可能是英国人。2.Itstoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.太晚了，我想他可能已经睡觉了。3.Hemay/mightnothavefinishedthework.他可能没有完成工作。,should/oughtto表示推测，意为“理应，应该”。,Theyleftyesterday.Theyshouldbehomebynow.他们昨天就离开了，现在理应到家了。,巩固练习,1.-What_itbe?-It_beamailbox,foritismoving.It_beacar.A.can;cant;mustB.can;can;mustC.can;mustnt;mustD.must;mustntcan2.-IsntthatAnnshusbandoverthere?-No.it_behim-Imsurehedoesntwearglasses.A.cantB.mustnotC.wontD,maynot3.-WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-They_bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need4.-areyoucomingtoJeffsparty?-Imnotsure.I_gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might,A,A,B,D,5.-Youmaylaugh,butIvebeenthinkingofbecomingavegetarian.-Oh,you_beoutofyourmind.Youwillbehungryallthetime.A.willB.mayC.mustD.should6.-Iwonderwhytheyarelate?-They_thetrain.canthavemissedB.couldmissC.musthavemissedD.mightmiss7.-Showmeyourpermit,please!-Oh,itsnotinmypocket.It_.A.mightfalloutB.couldfalloutC.shouldhavefallenoutD.musthavefallenout,C,C,D,7.-HasMikestarted?Hesaidhewouldjoinintheparty.-He_.Heisamanofkeepinghisword.A.couldhaveleftB.musthaveleftC.cantcomeD.wontbecoming8.Everythinghastwosides.Beautifulsongs,sometimes,_bejustnoisetoothers.mustB.mayC.shouldD.could9.-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_acomfortablejourney.A.cantbeB.mustnthavebeenC.shouldbeD.couldnthavebeen10.Chinesemusthavethelargestnumberofspeakers,_.A.mustnttheyB.haventtheyC.donttheyD.didntthey,B,B,D,C,could(不用can)+havedone,在肯定句中表示“本来能够而没能”，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。,1.Icouldhavepassedmyexameasily,butImadetoomanystupidmistakes.我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。2.Youcouldhavereportedtomeearlier.你本该早点告诉我的。,should/oughtto+havedone用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。,1.Youshouldhavetoldhimaweekago.你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。2.Yououghtnottohavetakenthemagazineoutofthereadingroom.他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。,might（不用may）+havedone表示“本来可能”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。,1.Youmightnothavetoldher.你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）2.Youmighthavecomeearlier.你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）,neednt+havedone表示做了本来不必去做的事。,1.Sheneednthavegonetothestationyesterday.昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）2.Youneednthaveboughtit.你本可不必买它的。（你买了）,巩固练习,1.Oh,Imnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I_somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldnteatB.shouldnthaveeatenC.mustnteatD.mustnthaveeaten2.-WhyhasntJanearrivedyet?-She_againinthemorning?A.shouldnthaveoversleptB.mayhaveturnedoffthealarmclockC.musthavenoonetocallherD.shouldhavesomeonetowakeherup3.-Didyougotothemoviethedaybeforeyesterday?-No.We_,butwedecidednotto.A.shouldhavegoneB.couldgoC.shouldgoD.couldhavegone,B,B,A,4.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we_soformally.needntdressB.didnthavetodressupC.MightnothavedressedupD.neednthavedressedup5.Imrathersurprisedyouhaventreportedhimtoyourteacher.Inmyopinion,you_thisassoonasyoufoundouthewascheating.musthavedon