非谓语动词的判定、分析思路

非谓语动词的判定、分析思路及解题注意事项,一非谓语动词的判定非谓语动词，顾名思义，就是句子中不作谓语的动词形式都是非谓语动词。英语句子有一个特点，就是一个句子只能有一个非谓语动词，因此，如果是单句有谓语动词时，其他的动词只能是非谓语动词。如果是“_，_.”这种结构的句子，其中有一部分已有谓语动词，而且句子中又无连词，那剩下的那部分就一定是非谓语动词了。,二非谓语动词的形式一般式主动被动完成式(havedone)主动被动todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendone-doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneDonedonedonedone,三“_.”单句型非谓语动词主要考某些特定动词的固定用法。1不定式作宾语：vt+todo此类动词有：wish,hope,expect,pretend,long,desire,fail,plan,arrange,prepare,learnchoose,elect,manage,want,ask,decide.,determine,help,offer,agree,demand,promise,dare,refuse2动名词作宾语：vt+doing此类动词有：excuse,pardon,advise,avoid,escape,admit,imagine,fancy,risk,insiston,finish,practise,keep,enjoy,objectto,deny,dislike,suggest,mind,miss,consider,setabout,putoff,(delay),stand(bear/putupwith),giveup(getridof),include,canthelp,prevent(prevent,stop,keepsbfrom),beworth,be/getusedto/bebusy,lookforwardto,feellike,allow,permit,forbid,3不定式动名词作宾语意义不同，类动词有：Remember,forget,regret,接doing表做过的事，接todo表将要做的事Meantodo打算做某事，meandoing意味着Goon,stop接doing表继续，停止做同一件事情，接todo表继续做别的事情，停下来，去做别的事情Trydoing尝试做某事，trytodo努力做某事4want,need,require接doing,tobedone均表被动5todo做宾补的词有wish,want,warn,like,order,encourage,inspire,allow,tell,permit,forbid,urge/oblige/force,expect,know,askadvise/persuade,teach,invite,hate,6分词作宾补要灵活，这类动词有：See,notice,observe,find,lookat,make,let,have,hear,listento,feelsbdo/doing/done,主动省to被动加to要注意。Leave/getsbdoing/todo/done7beadjtodo句型;itisof/forsb.todosth.句型8besaid/believed/supposed/reported/expected/thought/estimatedtodo/tobedone/tohavedone/tohavebeendone句型9cantbut/canthelpbut/cantchoosebutdo除此之外，用有do没to,有to没do口诀。,四“_,_.”这类句子，主要判断主动，被动还是目的。“，”前部分作状语，todo/doing/done都可选，注意的是被动作状语，只选done,而不选beingdone(是干扰项,beingdone在句子中只能作主语，宾语和定语)；“，”后部分作状语，表目的不能选不定式，无“，”表目的可选不定式（“onlytodo表预料外的结果”除外）。若是不定式在谓语动词前作定语，可以用不定式。若是作定语，则不能选完成式的非谓语动词。被动含义作定语有三种形式，时间概念不同，即done被动完成（表过去），beingdone正在被（表现在），tobedone将要被（表将来）。Eg:1_thenextmorning,Iwenttobedearlythatday.ATogetupearlyBGettingupearlyCGotupearlyDGetupearly答案A表目的2WaterKnowstheAnswersbyaJapaneseauthor,_into16languages,hasbecomeabest-sellerallovertheworld.AhavingtranslatedBtobetranslatedCbeingtranslatedDtranslated被动作定语，排除A因为是已被完成的，故选D,3_lastmonth,thebookisreadyforprinting.ACompletedBBeingcompletedCHavingcompletedDTocomplete选A，不是目的状语排除D，被动排除C，作状语B项是干扰项，故选A4_tothesundoesharmtoourskin.AExposedBBeingexposedCTobeexposedDExposing选B,被动作主语，故选B,“，”后用不定式的两个特例1Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.AnotmakingBnottomakeCmakingDnotmaking选B,应为这是两个不定式并列2SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,_reduceunemploymentpressures.AhelpBtohavehelpedCtohelpDhavinghelped选C，划线部分是插入语解释说明前面的数字,Anewtaxlaw,_theuseofsmallerenginesinvehiclestoreducepollutionandoildependence,isunderconsideration.AencouragesBtoencourageCencouragedDencourage这题答案只能选B,不定式作目的状语如果放在谓语动词之前的话,要用逗号,如果放在后半句时,则不能逗号,再以下的句子:Togetgoodmarks,hestudiedharder.Hestudiedhardertogetgoodmarks.要是题目中有encouraging也不能选,因为这里只能表示目的状语,而现在分词是不能表示目的状语的,这个句子可以改一下:Toencouragetheuseofsmallerenginesinvehiclestoreducepollutionandoildependence,anewtaxlawisunderconsideration.五判断主动被动的方法1翻译2从动词形式看，若是vt,后有宾语则是主动，无宾语则是被动；若是vi,无被动；宾语在前，及物动词在后也是被动。,六在任何情况下都不用考虑主被动的情况1只用不定式的totell(you)thetruthtobehonest/tobefrank/tospeakfranklytobegin/startwithstrangetosay/needlesstosaytomakethings/mattersworsetosumup/tomakethestoryshort/tobebrief,2只用v-ing的Judgingfrom/byGenerallyspeaking/honestlyspeakingSupposing/assumingTalkingof/speakingof/comingto/allow