非谓语动词之动词不定式

非谓语动词之动词不定式,英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词：加连词（and/but/so）放入从句变为非谓语动词,4,过去分词done,动词不定式todo,动名词doing,非谓语动词,现在分词doing,分词,固定搭配,wanttodosth.wantsbtodosth.wishtododecidetodoasksbtodohappentodosth.,考点一：搭配,动词+不定式wouldliketodousedtodoseemtodofailtodo.动词+宾语+不定式allowsbtodosthadvisesbtodosthgetsbtodosthordersbtodosth,Weagreeherebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.A.tomeetB.meeting,考点二：注意不定式的否定nottodo,remember,forget,regret后动名词表已经做过的动作,不定式表没有做过或将要做的动作.forgettodo忘了做（某事）forgetdoing忘了做过（某事）stop,try,goon,mean,beafraid,propose后两者都可,但意义不同.trytodo尽力做trydoing试着做meantodo意欲/想要做meandoing意味着做stoptodo停下来做stopdoing停止做proposetodo计划,打算做proposedoing建议做,考点三：有些动词后既可跟to-不定式又可跟动名词,动词不定式,Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.,定语,（在句中可以做谓语以外的其他成分）,动词不定式作主语,不定式短语在句首作主语Tosayisonethingandtodoisanother.用it作形式主语在很多情况下，人们通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定式移到谓语之后，使句子结构显得平稳一些,It+谓语+todoeg:Ittakesusanhourtogettherebybus.Its+n.+todoeg:Itsourdutytohelpthepoor.Itisadj.(for/ofsb.)todosth.ItisimpossibletolearnEnglishwellwithoutmakingefforts.Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.Itishardforhimtogetridofhisbadhabits.,动词不定式作表语,不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的Hiswishistobecomeanastronaut.Toliveistodosomethingworthwhile.考点四：注意:有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。Sheistoblame.Thehouseistolet.Theresultisnotlongtosee.,动词不定式作宾语,作动词的宾语不定式充当部分及物动词的宾语不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语Theteachermadenocommentsexcepttotellhimtoworkhard.考点五：Hehadnochoicebuttowait.Thereisnothingwecandobutwaitpatiently.,动词不定式作宾语,作动词的宾语不定式充当部分及物动词的宾语不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语Theteachermadenocommentsexcepttotellhimtoworkhard.考点四：Hehadnochoicebuttositthereasusual.Thereisnothingwecandobutwaitpatiently.,作形容词的宾语句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语Iamsorrytosaythatheisgoingfrombadtoworse.Shewasnotcontenttoliveaquietlifeinasmalltown.句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语Thisproblemiseasytosolve.Theriverisdangeroustoswimin.,考点五：不定式与疑问词连用,不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what,等连用，可充当主语，宾语，表语等。Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Hedidntknowwhattosay.Myquestioniswhentostart.,动词不定式作宾语补足语,考点六：不定式的省略问题有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四看：一感：feel二听：hear,listento三让：let,have,make四看：observe,see,watch,lookatWesawthecarstop.Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.考点七：注意：转为被动语态时，原不带to的不定式要变成带to的不定式。Thecarwasseentostop.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittlesister.,动词不定式作宾语补足语,考点六：不定式的省略问题有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四看：一感：feel二听：hear,listento三让：let,have,make四看：observe,see,watch,lookatWesawthecarstop.Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.考点七：注意：转为被动语态时，原不带to的不定式要变成带to的不定式。Thecarwasseentostop.Hewasmadetogiveupsmoking.,考点八：感官动词,see,hear,listento,watch,notice等感官动词，后接宾语，除了可以加再接省略to的动词不定式也可以加动词的ing形式，前者表示全过程，后者表示正在进行。“seesbdosth”表示看到某人做某事了,强调看见谁做过什么事.如：Isawhercleantheclassroom.是说我看到她打扫教室了.（强调做过这件事）“seesbdoingsth”表示看到某人正在做某事强调“看见某人正在做某事”如：Isawhercleaningtheclassroom.我看到她正在扫打教室（强调正在做某事）,动词不定式作定语,不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，和被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和修饰关系Heisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelastonetoleave.OnSundays,healwayshasalotofletterstowrite.Hehasnofriendtodependon.Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou.Nowitistimetobeginourclass.,动词不定式作状语,不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等Imsavinguptobuyacomputer.Hegottothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.Afterthemeeting,theyparted,nevertoseeeachotheragain.Iwasafoolnottolistentoyouatthattime.Amanwouldbeblindnottoseethat.结果状语：tooto;.enoughtodo;only/justtodo考点九：这类考题常以分词作为干扰项（注意分词不能表目的、结果和条件）。例如（上海高考题99）：-Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?_enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting,考点十：不定式的时态和语态,不定式的时态：一般式：表示的动作通常与谓语的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在其后发生；Heappearstobeveryhappy.（同时发生）Tocatchthetrain,wedbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.（tocatchthetrain发生在hurrytothestation之后）进行式：同时发生IthappenedtoberainingwhenIgotthere.完成式：动作发生在谓语动作之前Imsorrytohavelostyourkey.完成进行式：所说的动作发生于谓语动作之前，且一直还在继续HewassaidtohavebeenlivinginLondonfortwentyyears.,不定式的语态：主动：todo，tobedoing，tohavedone，tohavebeendoing被动：一般式tobedone完成式tohavebeendone,不定式的时态及语态,Thesearethebookstobegivenouttothestudents.,Thenovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.,Ididntexpectyoutobewaitingforushere.,Youaresaidtohavebeenwritinganewnoveltheseyears.Haveyoufinishedit?,1.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone3.WhenIwentin,hepretended_anewspaper.A.toreadB.tobereadingC.readingD.tohaveread4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.se