INTERNATIONAL TRADE PRACTICE（英文版）(ppt 69页).ppt

INTERNATIONALTRADEPRACTICE,ChapterFour,TermsofCommodity商品条款,A：keyterms,subjectmattertransferofownershipwordingmodifierdifferentialtarifftacticalintrinsicsalebydescriptionsalebyspecificationsalebystandardsalebybrandname,1.标的2.所有权转移3.措辞4.修饰语5.差别关税6.策略的、战术的7.固有的，本质的8、凭说明买卖9：凭规格买卖10凭标准买卖11、凭品牌买卖,B：keyterms,12.salebyplaceoforigin13.Salebydescriptionorillustration14.Salebysellerssample15.Salebybuyerssample16.Salebycountersample17.SalebyActualcommodity/salebyactualquality,12.凭产地买卖13.凭描述、图例买卖14凭卖方样品买卖15.凭买方样品买卖16.凭回样买卖17、凭实际商品、品质买卖,C：keyterms,18.Purity19.Consensus20.Proclaim21.FAQ(FairAveragequality)22.GMQ(GoodMerchantableQuality)23、spillovereffect24、proactive25、parameter26、consignment27、futile,18、纯度19、一致同意20、正式宣布、显示（vt)21、良好平均品质、大路货22、上好可销售品质23、溢出效应、外溢效应24、前摄的、主动的25、参数26、寄售、托卖27无益的、无效的,C：keyterms,28.replica29.Confirmedsample30.Returnedsample31.Duplicatesample32.Sealedsample33、notaryparty34、referencesample35、doublestandard36、qualitylatitude37、qualitytolerance,28.复制品29.确认样本回样31、副样、存样32、封存样品33、公证方34、基准、标准样品35、双重标准36、品质机动幅度37、品质公差,C：keyterms,38.Safeguardclause39.deviation40.Lodgeaclaim41.Measurementunit42.quintal43、ounce44、longton45、shortton46、bushel47、gallon,38.保护条款39.偏差40.提出索赔41、计量单位42、公担(=100磅）43、盎司（=28.35克）44、长吨（=2240磅）45、短吨（=2000磅）46、蒲式耳（=35.42升）47加仑（=3.785升）,C：keyterms,48.Greatgross49.ream50.Roll51.coil52.bale53、barrel54、drum55、readymadeclothes56、grossweight57、netweight,48.12罗（1728个）49.令（纸张的计数单位）50.卷51、盘、卷52、包、捆53、桶54、圆桶55、成衣56、毛重57净重,C：keyterms,58.tare59.Conditionedweight60.Theoreticalweight61.Legalweight62.Moreorlessclause63、barcode64、indicativemark65、shippingmark66、neutralpacking,58.皮重59.公量60.理论质量61、法定重量62、溢短装条款63、条形码64、指示标志65嘜头、运输标志66、中性包装,D:Abbreviations,1:FAQ2:GMQ3:OEM,1.大路货2.上好可销品质3.原始设备制造商,Ruleoncontracts,InternationalRulesoncontractsCISG1980UnitedNationsConventiononContractsforInternationalSaleofGoodsMainContentGeneralrulesgoverning“theformationofthecontractofsale,andrightsandobligationsofthesellerandthebuyerarisingfromsuchasale.Contains101itemsunder4partsBasicPrinciplesPromotionofuniformityinapplicationofrulesgoverninginternationalsaleofgoodsinordertoensurefairnessininternationalbusinessEmphasisonobservanceofgoodfaithininternationaltradesoastodevelopinternationalcommercialrelations.,Aspectsconcerningtermsofcommodity,1.NameofCommodity商品品名2.QualityofCommodity商品质量3.QuantityofCommodity商品的数量4.PackingofCommodity商品包装5.CommodityInspection商品检验,4.1NameofCommodity,NamenormallymergedwithqualityTypeSpecificationsRequirementsinadoptingnameofcommodityClearandspecificAgreedbybothpartiesSelectappropriateoneifmorethanoneisavailableisdescribedinthebeginningofcontracts,suchas“TheSellersagreetosellandtheBuyersagreetobuyonthetermsandconditionsstatedbelow”,案例：中国某食品有限公司出口苹果酒一批，国外来证货名为“AppleWine”，于是我方为单证一致起见，所有单据上均用“AppleWine”。不料货到国外后遭进口国海关扣留罚款，因该批酒的内、外包装上均写的是“Cider”字样。结果外商要求我方赔偿其罚款损失。此案中，我方应负责赔偿。作为出口公司，理应知道所售货物的英文名称。如来证货名与实际不符，一则要求对方改证，二则自己更改货物上的英文名称。如只考虑单证相符而置货物上的名称不顾，势必给对方办理进口报关造成严重后果。,4.2SpecifyingQuality,QualityInternalpropertiesoringredientsStructure,chemicalcomposition,biologicalfeaturesExternalappearanceShape,form,color,physicalpropertyImportanceofqualitytermGroundfortransactionDeterminationofpricevalueImageofgoods,4.2SpecifyingQuality,4.2.1Salebydescription凭说明买卖,Salebyspecification凭规格Comprisingindicatorssuchascomposition,content,purity,length,size,etc.Simpleandaccurate,thereforewidelyadoptedexampleBleachedCottonShirting30sx36s72x6935/36x42yds漂白棉布30 x36支72x6935/36x42码,4.2.1Salebydescription,Salebygrade等级GradesystemGradeA,B,CGrade1,2,3Toavoiddisputes,normallygrade+specificationsExample钨砂三氧化钨锡砷硫最低最高最高最高Grade1700.2%0.2%0.8%Grade265%0.2%0.2%0.8%Grade365%1.5%0.2%0.8%,4.2.1Salebydescription,Salebystandard标准买卖Standardbyconventions,tradeassociationsorgovernmentsAdaptablenationallyorinternationallyNationally:BS(Britishstandard),ANSI(AmericanNationalStandards),JIS(JapaneseStandardsAssociation),GB(GuojiaBiaozhun)Internationally:ISO(InternationalStandardsOrganization)Asstandardchangeable,thefollowingisneededindescriptionNameoforganizationwhichmadethestandardTimeofcreationeg.TetracyclineHCLTabletsSugar-coatedB.P.1973250mg盐酸四环素糖衣片B.P.1973250毫克,4.2.1Salebydescription,OtherwidelyadoptedstandardsF.A.Q.(FairAverageQuality)良好平均品质/大路货basedontheaveragequalityoftheproductsinayeargenerallysuitableforagriculturalproductsshouldhaveF.A.Q.wordingincontractEg.Chinapeanut2008NewCropF.A.Q.Moisturenotexceeding13%Brokenratemax.5%Oilcontentmin.44%G.M.Q.(GoodMerchantableQuality)上好可销品质QualityofgoodssufficientlygoodtosatisfythepurposeofuseorconsumptionUsedsometimesasbottom-lineofqualityrequirement,4.2.1Salebydescription,Salebytrademarkorbrand凭商标或品牌买卖Onlyapplytothosewidelyrecognizedbrandsortrademarkseg.NikesportsshoesMoredetailedqualityparticularsareneededtoavoidvarietiesandcomplexitieseg.PanasonicTelevision,TH-42PV65C,4.2.1Salebydescription,Salebynameoforigin凭产地买卖NameoforiginasindicationofqualityMoresuitableforagriculturalproductsorby-productseg.四川榨菜,青岛啤酒Normallyusedtogetherwithotherqualityindicessuchasspecifications,gradeorbrandseg.West-lakeLongjingTea,Grade1,ZhejiangOrigin,4.2.1Salebydescription,Salebydescriptionsandillustrations凭说明书或图样买卖SuitableforfullsetsofequipmentorinstrumentsClausessuchas“qualityandtechnicaldatatobeinconformitywiththedescriptionsubmittedbytheseller”tobestipulatedinthecontractTechnicalmanuals,bookletsofdirections,drawingsordiagramstobeattachedeg.HaierRefrigerator,Modelxxx,qualityandtechnicaldatatobeinstrictlyinconformitywiththedescriptionssubmittedbytheseller.,4.2.2SalebySample,Salebysample凭样买卖SampleasareferenceofqualityorconditionofthegoodstobedeliveredUsedwhenqualitydescriptionofthegoodsisbeyondwordsBearthewording“qualityasper”Canbeprovidedbyeitherseller,buyerorbycountersample,4.2.2SalebySample,Salebyactualcommodity/actualqualitySellingthegoodsinspectedbythebuyerSuitableforauction,consignment,displaysaleForsuchgoodsasjewelry,paintings,artsandcraftsandmostofthegoodsinstockNote:Approachesspecifyingqualitynotindependentofeachother“doublestandard”Whenonespecifyingmethodissufficient,nottoemploytwoormoreWhensalebydescriptionisavailable,nottousesalebysampleCISG:ifbothmethodsareused,thequalityshouldconformtoboth.,4.2.3QualityClauses,QualityLatitude/Clauses品质机动幅度PermissiblerangeforthesellertocontrolqualityThreewaysofstipulationFlexiblerangeorscopeeg.thewidthofthecottonclothis47/48inchesLimit:max.min.eg.Moisture:8%maxMoreorlessallowanceeg.ducksdowncontent18%1%Forgoodssoldbysample,aboutclauseusedtoallowqualityflexibilityeg.Qualityshallbeaboutequalto/sametothesample,4.2.3QualityClauses,PricenormallyremainunchangedIfchanged,increasinganddecreasingtermshouldbeaddedtothecontracteg.ChinaSesameSeedsMoisture(Max)8%;admixture(max)2%;oilcontent52%basis.Shouldtheoilcontentofthegoodsactuallyshippedbe1%higherorlower,thepricewillbeaccordinglyincreasedordecreasedby1%andanyfractionwillbeproportionallycalculated.,Discussion1,SupposingOurcompanyexportingtextilematerialAccordingtocontract,moisturemax.15%;impuritymax.3%WemailedsamplebeforetransactionandfaxedinforminggoodsthesametosampleinqualityaftercontractingAftergoodsarrival,buyerpresentedinspectioncertificatesayingactualgoodslowerinqualitythanthesampleandaskedforlosses.Q:Shallwecompensate?,Discussion2,SupposingSellerexportingLongjingTeaGrade2Onpreparingforshipment,findingGrade2outofstockWithoutbeingagreedbybuyer,Grade1wasshippedinsteadofGrade2Aftershipment,sellernotifyingbuyergoodssoldatthepriceofGrade2,noadditionalpricechargedQ:Isitappropriateforsellertodoso?Whyorwhynot?,4.3MeasuringQuantity,4.3.1UseofunitWeight(metricton,tonne,kilogramme,longton,shortton)Number(piece,dozen,set)Length(meter,kilometer,yard,foot,inch)Area(squarekilometerkm2,squareyardyd2,squarefootft2)Volume(cubickilometerkm3,cubicyardyd3,cubicfootft3)体积Capacity(liter,gallon,quart,pint,bushel蒲式耳）容积,4.3.1Useofunit,MeasurementsystemsMetricsystem公制Britishsystem英制U.S.system美制SI:InternationalSystemofUnits国际单位制Examplesofconversion1metricton=1tonne=1000kg1shortton=1netton=907.18kg=1USton1longton=1grosston=1016.05kg=1imperialton=1weightton=1UKton,4.3.2InterpretingWeight,GrossWeight毛重=netweight+tareweightSuitableforgoodsnotmuchvaluableNetWeight净重AccordingtoCISG,weightofgoodsisregardedasnetweightunlessotherwisestatedinthecontract=grossweighttareweightForgoodsnotvaluemuch(mostlyagriculturalproducts)andthosewherepackingbecomesanindivisiblepart(eg.tobacco),grossfornet,4.3.2InterpretingWeight,ConditionedWeight公量Forvaluableandmoistureunstablegoods(eg.cotton)=DriedNetWeightx(1StandardRegain)Note:Driednetweight:theweightofthegoodswhenallthewatercontentisabstractedbyascientificmethodfromthegoods.Regainrate:theratiobetweenthewatercontentandthedryweightofthegoods.Standardregainrate:theratiobetweenthewatercontentandthedryweightofthegoodswhichisacceptedintheworldmarketoragreeduponbythesellerandthebuyer.Actualregainrate:theratiobetweentheactualregainingwatercontentinthegoodsandtheactualdryweight.,我国常见纤维的公定回潮率单位：,(表)纤维种类公定回潮率纤维种类公定回潮率原棉111粘胶纤维13同质洗净毛16涤纶0.4异质洗净毛15锦纶45桑蚕丝11腈纶2苎麻、亚麻12维纶5黄麻14丙纶、氯纶0我国规定的标准状态为：湿度65%3%，温度20,Illustration1,Anexporterhassignedacontracttoexport10metrictons(5%moreorless)ofrawsilktoSpain.Itisstipulatedinthecontractthatconditionedweightisusedandthestandardregainrateis10%.Iftheactualregainrateis21%whenshipmentismade,howmanymetrictonsofrawsilkshouldtheexporterdeliverinordertofulfillthecontract?,Illustration1,Calculation:(1+actualregainingrate)Actualweight=Conditionedweightx(1+StandardRegainRate)(1+21%)Actualweight=10M/Tx=11MT(1+10%)Answer:Inordertofulfillthecontract,theexportershoulddeliver11metrictonsofrawsilk,5%moreorless.,4.3.2InterpretingWeight,TheoreticalWeight理论重量Forgoodswithstandardmeasurement(steelplate,etc.)=UnitWeightxnumberLegalweightLegalweight=commodityweight+immediate/inner/directpackageusedfortariffcalculationinsomecountries,4.3.3MoreorLessClause溢短装条款,Howmuch?Expressedinpercentage:normally310%ofcontractedquantityExpressedinabsolutenumberWordingofquantitySpecificandclear(eg.percentage)Avoidingbeingambiguous（eg.about,approximately)AccordingtoUCP600(UniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits),“about,approximately”interpretedas10%Ifabsenceofanymoreorlessspecifyingthequantity,5%withtotalamountingnotexceedingL/Camountisallowedforgoodsnotcountedbynumber,4.3.3MoreorLessClause溢短装条款,Whocontrols?StipulateinthecontracttoavoidfuturedisputesInpractice,usuallytheshipperPricingofmore/lesspartshouldbestipulatedinthecontractNormallythecontractprice(accordingtoCISG)MarketpriceatthetimeofshipmentMarketpriceatthetimeofarrivalExamples:800metrictons,5%moreorlessatsellersoption20,000metricpairs,thesellersareallowedtoload5%moreorless,thepriceshallbecalculatedaccordingtotheunitpriceinthecontract1,000metrictons5%moreorless,atBuyersoptionwithmoreorlessportionpricedatthemarketpriceatthetimeofshipment.,Discussion3,500M/T5%moreorlessatsellersoperationPriceininternationalmarketrisingQ:ifyouaretheseller,howmanygoodsareyougoingtoprepareforshipment?,Discussion4,SupposingOurcompanyconcludedatransactionunderCIFwithanAustraliancustomeron500M/Tofbeans.Contractstipulates:atUSD200perM/TCIFSydney;packedinbrandnewgunnysbagof50kgeach;paymentbyL/Catsight.Weeffectedshipmentandsettledpayment.Buyerclaimedthattotalamountlessthan500M/Texcludingtareweightandaskedustoreimbursetheinadequateamount.Q:Isbuyersrequirementappropriate?Whyorwhynot?,4.4PackingandMarking,ThreekindsofcargoBulkcargo散装货:inliquid-likeexistence&oflowvalueeg.ore,coal,grainetc.Nudecargo裸装货:normallyinasolidstateeg.rolledsteel,leadingots,rubber,timberetc.Packedcargo包装货TwotypesofpackagingShippingpackaging运输包装Salespackaging/innerpackaging/smallpackaging/immediatepackaging销售包装/内包装/小包装/直接包装,4.4.1Shippingpacking,Shipping/transport/outer/bigpackingSinglepiece/unitpackagingpackedasasingleunit,ie.measuringunitCollectivepacking/groupshippingpackingacertainnumberofsinglepiecesgroupedtogethertoformabigpackingorpackedinabigcontainerProtectinggoodsandacceleratinghandlingspeedTypesofcollectivepackingPallet托盘Flexiblecontainer吨袋，集装袋Container集装箱,4.4.1Shippingpacking,Pallets,FlexibleContainer,Container,Pallet托盘,Flexiblecontainer吨袋，集装袋,4.4.2Marking,Definition:Differentdiagrams,wordsandfigureswritten,printedorbrushedontheoutsideoftheshippingpackageFourkindsofpackingmarksShippingmarks唛头Indicativemarks指示性标志Warningmarks警示性标志Supplementarymarks辅助标志,ShippingMarks,RoleofshippingmarksConvenientforidentifyingandtransportingEasytocountandcheckAvoidshippingerrorsFourmaincomponentsofshippingmarksConsigneescode:abbreviationorinitialsReferencenumber:shippingadvice,order,invoice,contract,L/CDestination:nameorcodeofdestinationPackagenumberandtotalpackagenumber,Shippingmarks,Shippingmarksshouldbesimple,clearandeasytoidentifyPositionshouldbeproperColorshouldbedurable,IndicativeMarks,DiagramsandsimplewordsusedtodrawtherelevantpeoplesattentionincargohandlingNormallypaintedorstenciledontheouterpackage,WarningMarks,AlsodangerousmarksToavoiddangerinhandlingSuitabletodangerousgoodssuchasexplosive,inflammable,corrosiveandradioactivecargos,4.4.3PackagingclauseinContracts,IncludethefollowingtermsPackingmethod(packingmaterial,packingdimension,weightofeachsinglepiece,fillingmaterialThepackingcostShippingmarksExamplesInwoodencasesof50kilosneteach木箱装，每箱50公斤净重Incartonsorcratesofabout12kgnet纸箱或空格木箱装，每箱净重约12公斤Inclothbaleseachcontaining20pcsof42yds布包，每包20匹，每匹42码Eachpieceinaplasticbag,halfdozeninaboxand10dozentoacarton用塑料袋装，每袋一件，每半打装一盒，每10打装一个纸板箱Inclothbags,linedwithploythenebagsof25kgneteach布袋装，内衬聚乙烯袋，每袋净重25公斤,4.5Extension,O:高端访问-美国能源部长朱棣文全清晰.avi,返回,4.6ExercisesI:multiplechoices,1、Countersamplecanalsobecalled_A.duplicatesampleB.sealedsampleC.confirmingsampleD.referencesample,C.,返回,4.6ExercisesI:multiplechoices,2.Whichofthefollowingclausesisappropriateforacontractofsalebysample?A.Thequalityofthegoodsdeliveredshouldbethesameasthequalityofthesample.BThequalityofthegoodsdeliveredshouldbeequaltothequalityofthesample.C.Thequalityofthegoodsdeliveredshouldbeaboutequaltothequalityofthesample.D.Thequalityofthegoodsdeliveredshouldrefertothequalityofthesample.,C.,4.6ExercisesI:multiplechoices,3.”1000pairsofshoes”isanexampleofusing_tospecifyquantity.AweightBlengthC.volumeDnumber4._isNOTfrequentlyusedininternationaltrade.AMetricSystemB.BritishSystemC.U.S.SystemD.FrenchSystem,D.,D.,返回,4.6ExercisesI:multiplechoices,5.ThemethodsuitableformeasuringtheweightoftheimportingwoolistheAtheoreticalweightB.conditionedweightC.weightsettledbythebuyersandsellersDdrynetweight6.Iftheactualnetweightofashipmentofwoodis30M/Twithanactualregainof20%,theconditionedweightisA25M/TB32.7M/TC.27.5M/T.33.75M/T,B,C,返回,4.6ExercisesI:multiplechoices,7AccodingtoUCP600,”about”allowsthequantitytobe_moreorless.A3%B.5%C.10%D.15%8.MoreorlessclauseinasalescontractmainlyincludesthefollowingEXCEPTA.percentageofmoreorlessBtotalamountD.partydeterminingthemoreorlessD.pricingforthemoreorlesspart,C,D,返回,4.6ExercisesI:multiplechoices,9.A.creditstipulatesthatthequantityofthebulkcargois1000M/TandtotalamountisUSD0.9million.Itshowsno“moreorlessclause“andpartialshipmentisnotallowed.AccordingtotheUPC600_A.thequantityandtotalamountofthegoodsdeliveredshouldnotincreaseordecrease.B.thequantityandtotalamountofthegoodsdeliveredcanbe10%moreorless.C.thequantityandtotalamountofthegoodsdeliveredcanbe5%moreorless.D.thequantityandtotalamountofthegoodsdeliveredcanbe5%moreorless,whilethetotalamountcannotexceedUSD0.9m.,D,返回,4.6ExercisesI:multiplechoices,10.Accordingtointernationaltradepractice,shouldprovidetheshippingmarksunlessotherwisestipulatedinthecontract.A.theissuingB.thesellersC.thebuyersD.thecarrier.,B,返回,4.6ExercisesIIICalculation,A:atleast?10*0.95/0.453*40=524.70525B:atmost?10*01.055/0.453*40=578.83578,CaseStudies,1.Yes,theycould.Aslongasthegoodsthesellerdeliveredarenotinconformitywiththegoodsstipulatedinthecontract,thebuyercanrefusetoacceptthem,nomattertheyarehigherorlowerquality.,4.6ExercisesVcasestudy,(2)Yes.IfIweretheseller,whentherewerenotenoughGrade-3dateswhichwerestipulatedinthecontract,IwouldcommunicatewiththebuyertoseewhethertheycanacceptGrade-2datesandinordertomakethemaccept,Iwo