中国文学旅游景点.ppt

MajorTouristCities,BeijingShanghaiHangzhouGuilinXianKunmingLhasaNanjing,Beijing,oneoftheleadingcapitalsoftheworld，Withahistoryofmorethan3000years.Beijingisanamazingmixofoldandnew.ForcenturiesBeijinghasbeenthecentreforculturalandbusinessactivitiesandistodaybeyonddoubtatrulyworldclassandinternationalcity.,WelcometoBeijing,TheForbiddenCityTheTempleofHeavenTheTiananmenSquareTheGreatWallTheWaterCube,Beijing,TheForbiddenCity(ImperialPalace),LyingatthecenterofBeijing,theForbiddenCity,calledGuGong,inChinese,wastheimperialpalaceduringtheMingandQingdynasties.withahistoryofsome580years.ItisthelargestandmostcompleteimperialpalaceinChina,thelargestroyalpalacesintheworld.,TheForbiddenCityisdividedintotwoparts.Thesouthernsection,ortheOuterCourtwaswheretheemperorexercisedhissupremepoweroverthenation.Thenorthernsection,ortheInnerCourtwaswherehelivedwithhisroyalfamily.Until1924whenthelastemperorofChinawasdrivenfromtheInnerCourt,fourteenemperorsoftheMingdynastyandtenemperorsoftheQingdynastyhadreignedhere.Havingbeentheimperialpalaceforsomefivecenturies,ithousesnumerousraretreasuresandcuriosities.,ThemeaningoftheForbiddenCityintheolderdayisthat“stheplacethattheemperorlive,whichshowstheauthoritativenessthattheemperorhave,andtheplacethatcankeeptheemperorsafe.,TheForbiddenCityisveryimportantinChina,inolderday,that“stheplacetheemperorlive.Today,itshowsthehistoryandthecultureofChina.Also,itmakeChinesepeoplepride.TheForbiddenCity,apartoftheChinesefantasticculture.,未睹皇居壮，安知天子尊”。-骆宾王（唐）,TheTempleofHeaven,TheTempleofHeavenisChinaslargestexistingcomplexofancientsacrificialbuildingsandalsothesoulofChineseancientconstructions.Builtin1420,thetemplewaswhereemperorswenttoworshipheavenforgoodharvests.ItisincludedintheUNESCOworldheritagelistin1998.,Therearetwowallsenclosethewholecompound,asquarewalloutsidearoundone.Theouterareaischaracterizedbysuburbanscenery,whiletheinnerpartisusedforsacrifices.ThisdesignshowsthattheheavenishighandtheearthislowandthedesignreflectedanancientChinesethoughtofTheheavenisroundandtheearthissquare.,TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvests祈年殿TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestsisthemainbuildingintheTempleofHeaven.Theemperorsprayedforgoodharvestsinthehall.,TheCircularMoundAltar圜丘坛,TheImperialVaultofHeaven皇穹宇,TiananmenSquare,TiananmenSquareisoneofthelargestcitysquaresintheworld.ItissituatedintheheartofBeijing.Itwasbuiltin1417andwastheentrancegatetotheForbiddenCity.Nowthesquarestretches880metersfromnorthtosouthand500metersfromeasttowest.Thetotalareais440,000squaremeters，spaciousenoughtoaccommodatehalfamillionpeople.,TiananmenSquarewheresunrisesandsunsetsareobservedsolemnlywithnationalflaghoistingandloweringceremonies.TheMonumenttothePeoplesHeroesstandsinthecenterofthesquare.TheGreathallofthePeoplestandsonthewesternside.,Thesquarehasbeenthestageformanyoftheepoch-makingmassmovementsoftwentieth-centuryChina:thefirstcallsfordemocracyandliberalismbythestudentsofMay4,1919,demonstratingagainsttheTreatyofVersailles;theanti-JapaneseprotestsofDecember9,1935,demandingawarofnationalresistance;theeightstage-managedralliesthatkickedofftheCulturalRevolutionin1966;andthebrutallyrepressedQingMingdemonstrationofApril1976,inmemoryofZhouEnlai.,HistoryofTiananmenSquare,thesummerpalace,TheSummerPalaceorYiheyuanliterallyGardensofNurturedHarmonyisapalaceinBeijing.TheSummerPalacecoversanexpanseof2.9squarekilometers,threequartersofwhichiswater.Initscompact70,000squaremetersofbuildingspace,onefindsavarietyofpalaces,gardens,andotherclassical-stylearchitecturalstructures.,TheSummerPalacehasahistoryofover800years.Inmid-18thcentury,duringtheprosperousreignofEmperorQianlong,thestablesocietyandrichnationalcofferspushedChinatothezenithofthecountrysfeudalhistoryinpolitics,economy,military,scienceandculture.LaterherenamedtheGoldenHillasLongevityHilltocelebratehismothersbirthday.Itwascertainlyaremarkableculturalconstructionproject.,TheSummerPalacestartedoutlifeastheGardenofClearRipple(清漪园)in1750.In1888,itwasgiventhecurrentname,YiheYuan.Itsufferedtwomajorattacks-duringtheAnglo-Frenchalliedinvasionof1860andduringtheBoxerRebellion,inanattackbytheeightalliedpowersin1900.Thegardensurvivedandwasrebuiltin1886and1902.,TheSummerPalacewasnotbuiltforpublicbenefit,butthroughtheturbulentcentury,theSummerPalacehasbeendisplayingtheheightacivilizationoncereachedtopeopleofdifferenttimesandorigins.ItisincludedintheUNESCOworldheritagelistin1998.,TheGreatWall,TheGreatWallisoneofthegreatwondersoftheworld.StartingoutintheeastonthebanksoftheYaluRiverinLiaoningProvince,theWallstretcheswestwardsfor12,700kilometerstoJiayuguanintheGobidesert,Chainsthroughfiveprovinces-Liaoning,Hebei,Shanxi,Shaanxi,andGansu-andtwoautonomousregions-NingxiaandInnerMongoliathusknownastheTenThousandLiWallinChina.,TheGreatWallisdividedintotwosections,theeastandwest,withShanxiProvinceasthedividingline.Thewestpartisarammedearthconstruction,about5.3metershighonaverage.Intheeasternpart,thecoreoftheWallisrammedearthaswell,buttheoutershellisreinforcedwithbricksandrocks.ThemostimposingandbestpreservedsectionsoftheGreatWallareatBadalingandMutianyu,notfarfromBeijingandbothareopentovisitors.,TianXiaDiYIGuan“-ShanghaiguanPass,JiayuguanPass,Asaculturalheritage,theWallbelongsnotonlytoChinabuttotheworld.TheGreatWallisthelargestofsuchhistoricalandculturalarchitecture,andthatiswhyitcontinuestobesoattractivetopeopleallovertheworld.In1987,theWallwaslistedbyUNESCOasaworldculturalheritagesite.,WaterCube,LocatedinBeijingOlympicGreen,theWaterCube,knownastheNationalAquaticCenter,isoneofthethreelandmarkbuildingswiththeothertwobeingtheBirdsNestandtheNationalGymnasium.,In2002,Governmentofficialsengagedarchitectsworldwideinadesigncompetitionandwasfinishedin2007.Thestadiumcanseatasmanyas91,000spectatorsduringtheOlympics.Thecapacitywillthenbereducedto80,000aftertheGames.Thestadiumcostupto3.5billionyuan(423millionUSD).,AboutShanghai,ShanghaiisChinasmostcomprehensiveindustrialandcommercialcity,rankingNo.1inpopulationandpopulationdensity,andasaseaport,scienceandtechnologycenter,andbusinesscenter.,Theyesterdayofshanghai,Shanghaibeganasafishingvillageinthe17thcentury,Duringthe1900s,opiumsalesalongwiththegamblingandprostitutionthatwentwithitbroughtinverybigprofitsandwascontrolledbyforeignersuntil1949。,Shanghaiiswellknownbothathomeandfromabroadnotonlyasprosperousmetropoliswithrichculturalresources,butalsoforanumberofnewtouristattractionsthathavebeendevelopedinrecentyears.,Todaysshanghai,JinmaoTower,BeingthetallestbuildinginChinaandthethirdtallestbuildingintheworld,JinmaoTowerislocatedinthecenterofLujiazuiFinanceandTradeDistrictsinPudong.The88-storyJinMaoTowerwascompletedin1999.Itis420.5meterstallandcoversanareaof2.3hectares.ThisskyscrapercombinedtheelementsoftraditionalChineseculturewiththenewestarchitectualstylesofthetime,whichmakesitoneofthebest-constructedbuildingsinChina.,OrientalPearlTVTower,ShanghaiOrientalPearlTVTowerwascompletedonOct.1,1994.Itis468metershigh,beingthehighestinAsiaandthethirdhighestintheworld.ItstandsoppositetotheBundonthewestbank.Thearchitecturalmodelingofthetowerisunique,expressingtheflavoroforientalculture.Itexpressestheartisticconceptof“pearl,bigandsmall”,droppingonajadeplate.”,TheOrientalPearlTVTowercombinessightseeing,catering,shopping,recreation,accommodation,broadcastingandTVtransmissionintoonebody.IthasbecomeasymbolicarchitectureandafavorablesitefortouristsinShanghai.,TheBundinshanghai,TheBundislocatedinShanghaisHuangpuriverdistrict.ItholdsthelandscapeofShanghaiandisoneofShanghaismust-seetouristdestination.,AfterthefirstOpiumWarin1840,theBundgraduallybecametheBritishConcessionandInternationalSettlement.SotherearemanymagnificentbuildingswithEuropeanstyle.SomeareinBritishstyle,andsomeareinFrenchstylewhileothersareinGreekstyle.MostoftheoldbuildingsweredestoryedintheSecondWorldWar.FortunatelyhegrandbuildingsthattheirforefathersbuiltinShanghaihavesurvived.,Inlate19thcentury,manyforeign-investedbanksintheBundwereestablishedintheBundwhichwassaidtobecomeShanghaisFinancialStreetortheEastWallStreet.Thus,theBundwastransformedintoalocationencouragingfinancialopportunities.Itisnotmerelyasymbolofwealth,butalsoasymbolofhonour.,Shanghaiisalsoagreatdestinationforshoppers,andthebest-knownshoppingstreetinChinaNanjingRoadinShanghaiasearlyasacommercialstreet,theChineseBusinessFirstStreetname.andbecamethemostprosperousbusinessinShanghaiStreet.,Shoppersparadise,HuaihaiRoadCommercialStreetisworthyandcomparabletoworld-famousstreet,thecityembodiestheeraofleisureandculturetothestandard.Anarrayofgoodsfromallovertheworldaredisplay.Xujiahuiisthemostimportantbusinessandpublicactivitycenter.Xujiahuicommercialcirclesetluxuryandprosperity,shoppingandleisureintoafurnace(熔炉).,PudongNewArea,InApril1990theChineseGovernmentdeclaredanimportantpolicyofdevelopingandopening-upPudong,whichhasattractedtheworldattention.Aftermorethantenyearsdevelopment,withlargeamountofmoneyfromoverseasfedintotheconstructioninthePudong