机械类英语论文及翻译

-附录I :Mechanical Design李清宇酒安machinery manufacturing equipment designAbstract:a machine is a combination of mechanisms And other components which transforms，transmits.examples are engines，turbines，vehiclesthe term mechanical design is used in a broader sense than machine design to include their design .the motion And structural aspects And the prot Sions for retention And enclosure are considerations in mechanical design . applications occur in theKeywords : mechanical designRules for designDesign ProcessThe Design Processdesigning starts with a need real . existing apparatus may need improvements in duratioty，efficiency，weight，speed，Or cost . needwith the objective wholly or partly。In the design preliminary stage，should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity，Not each kind of restraint . even if handusually，Must propose several sets of design proposals，then perform the comparison。has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated，has used cerain not in plan some ideas which accepts。when the general shape And a few dimensions of the several components become apparent，Analysis是begin in earneest . the Analysis will have as itsmaterials and their treatment will be chosen。these important objectives can Be attained only by analysis based upon the principles of mechanics，such as those of static for reaction forces asOf dynamics for inertia，acceleration，and energyof elasticy and strength of materials for stress and deflection；Of physical behavior of materialsand of fluid mechanics for lubrication and hydraynamic drives。the analyses may be made by the same engineer who conceived the arrangement of me chanis Ms，or，in a large company，they may be made by a seppanydesign is a re iterative And cooperative process，Whether done formally or informally，And the analyst can contribute to phase s other than hhanalthough the content of each engineering problems is unique，the designers follow the similar process to solve the problems。product liability suits designers and forced in material selection，using the best program。in the process of material，The most common problems for five(a)dont understand or not use about The latest application materials to Thein recent years，many products liability in litigation，The use of products and hurt The plain IFF accused manufacturer，and won The decturerthrough to the above five questions analysis，May obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion。may for avoid these questions to these questions research Analyses the appearance indicating the direction。although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product response IB Ility law suit，designs the personnel and theMay see from the above discussion，the choice material people should to the material nature，the character istic and the processing method hhodFinally，a design based upon function，and a prototype may be built . if its tests are satis factory，The initial design will under sgo cererduring subsequent years of manufo C ture and service，the design is likey to undersgo changes as new ideas are conceived or as further analyses basesSome Rules for DesignIn this section it is suggested that，applied with a creative attitude，Analyses是lead to important improvements and to the conception and pplaysesAnd durable products。To stimulate creative thought，the following rules are suggested for the designer and analyst。the first six rules are particulally applicable for the analyst。1.a creative use of need of physical properties and control process。2.recognize functional loads and their signiance。Ant