被动语态经典讲解

被动语态,复习要点,Tombrokethewindow.（主动语态）ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.（被动语态）,英语的谓语动词有两种语态,主动语态,被动语态,（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。）,从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语byTom，主动句中的宾语thewindow变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。,被动语态的构成,被动语态基本构成：be+过去分词,常见的被动结构,1SVO句型的被动结构SVO句型中的谓语为单宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S+V(被动式)(+by短语)。Hewrotethebooktwoyearsago.Thebookwaswrittenbyhimtwoyearsago.2SVoO句型的被动结构SVoO句型中的谓语动词为双宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S+V(被动式)+O/o(保留宾语)(+by短语)。Myauntgavemeanapple.*Iwasgivenanapple.Anapplewasgiventome.一般把间接宾语（表示人）作为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语（表示物）作为保留宾语。如果把直接宾语作为被动句的主语，则间接宾语作为保留宾语，它的前面通常要用介词to或for（视动词而定）,3SVOC句型的被动结构SVOC句型中的谓语动词为复宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S+V(被动式)+C(主语补足语)(+by短语)。PeopleusuallycallmeJimforshort.IamusuallycalledJimforshort在被动句中作主语补足语的不定式一律要带to，不论其作宾语补足语时是否带to4短语动词的被动结构短语动词的被动结构是：S+V(被动式)+介词/副词(+by短语)。在将含有短语动词的主动句转换成被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词（如以上句中的for,off,of）不能遗漏。Wehavesentforadoctor.Adoctorhasbeensentfor5带情态动词的被动结构带情态动词的被动结构是：S+V(情态动词+主要动词的被动式)(+by短语)Youmustdoitatonce.Itmustbedoneatonce.,各种时态的被动结构练习,1、TheChinesefood_tobethehealthiestintheworld.A.considersB.isconsideringC.isconsideredD.hasconsidered2、John_,forhewentswimmingyesterdaywithoutpermission.wouldpunishedB.hadpunishedC.punishedD.waspunished3、-Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?-Notyet.Rooms_.A.arepaintingB.arepaintedC.arebeingpaintingD.arebeingpainted,一般时态：am/is/are+过去分词,现在进行时态：am/is/are+being+过去分词,过去时态：was/were+过去分词,4、Mr.Wuwasinhospital.whenwewenttoseehim,he_on.A.operatedB.wasoperatedC.wasoperatingD.wasbeingoperated5、Thenewschool_whenthenewtermbegins.A.finishesB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.wouldfinish6、Theoldscientistsaidthathe_tovisittheircountrybeforelong.A.invitedB.hadinvitedC.wasinvitingD.wouldbeinvited,过去进行时态：was/were+being+过去分词,一般将来时态：will+be+过去分词,过去将来时态：would+be+过去分词,7、WiththehelpoftheHopeProject,moreandmorenewschools_inthepoorarea.A.builtB.havebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilding8、Hecameoutandtoldusthatthework_.A.finishedB.wasfinishedC.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished9、Theprogrammes_easilyifyouuseashortwaveradio.A.canpickupB.pickupC.pickedupD.canbepickedup,现在完成时态：have/has+been+过去分词,过去完成时态：had+been+过去分词,情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词,不知道或没必要知道动作的执行者。Thebookwasfirstpublishedinthelate1990s.b)不便说出动作的执行者。Theplanwasgenerallyconsideredimpractical.c)突出动作的承受者。Sheisrespectedbyalltheworkersofthefactory.d)汉语中的无主句，在英语中用被动语态。Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.e)为了保持主语的一贯性。Theoldprofessorwheeledhimselfintotheclassroomandwaswarmlyapplaudedbythestudents.,何时用被动语态,4）有些短语不用被动语态doonesbest,makeaface,makeroom(腾位子），makeuponesmind,belongto,不用被动语态的情况（考点）,1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen,breakout,takeplaceThestorywashappenedin1934.(）,2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have,lack,fitIhaveanewbike.,3）连系动词不用被动语态；Thestoryissoundedtrue.(）,1）感官动词(taste;feel;smell;sound;look)用主动形式表示被动。Howsweetthemusicsounds!Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.2）write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词well,easily时。Thebooksellswell.(这本书销路很好。)Thedoorwillnotopen.(这扇门就是打不开。)Thisdresswashesbetter.(这衣服较好洗。)Thesignreadsasfollows.(这牌子告示如下。),特殊情况（考试重点）,3）need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用动名词表被动。Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thenovelisworthseeing.,注