初中英语语法--主谓一致详解+练习

初中英语语法之主谓一致主谓一致常考点：1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。 The desk is Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 学生正在操场上踢足球. 2. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： To see is to believe.眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对眼睛有好处。Reading newspapers and magazines is good for our study. 读书和看报纸对学习有好处。（虽然newspapers and magazines为复数，但是句子的主语是reading，所以动词依旧是is）Eating candies and chocolates is bad for our teeth.吃糖和巧克力对牙齿不好。（同理，虽然candies and chocolates为复数，但是句子的主语是eating，所以动词依旧是is）3.“many a+单数名词”（许多）或者“ more than one+单数名词”（超过一个）作主语，意义虽然是复数，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 Many a student likes reading. 许多学生喜欢阅读。More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试不及格More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。Two thousand dollars is a large sum of money. 2000美金是很大一笔钱5. 主语为one of , each of等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。如：One of my favorite sports is basketball.One of the students is reading. Each of them has an English dictionary.6. each, either, neither, another, the other +名词 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each student has his own dictionary.Either answer is correct. 两个答案中有一个是正确的。Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。Another solution（解决的办法）to the problem is needed.One student is reading while the other student is reading.7. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。Iseveryoneheretoday?今天大家到齐了吗？Somethingiswrongwithhim.他有毛病。Nobody was in the classroom. 没人在教室。 8. 有些以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等。 No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 某些以-s结尾的地理名称，例如国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，或者是组织名字：the United Nations（联合国），谓语动词用作单数。The United States is a developed country. 美国是一个发达国家。The United Nations is an international organization9. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式Swimming and walking are good exercises.Reading newspapers and taking a walk after dinner are good habits.例外： and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The bread and the butter are their main food. （面包和黄油作为两种独立的食物）The bread and butter is his favorite food. （抹了黄油的面包这一种食物）A knife and fork is on the table. （这个里面knife和fork是一套餐具，算一个整体）Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. every, each, no, many a 做定语时，即使用and 连接两个主语，谓语也用单数No teacher and (no) student has seen the film.No food and (no) water is in the house.Each boy and (each) girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every boy and (every) girl has got a seat.Many a boy and many a girl has already seen the film. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half cake is on the table.11. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词短语时，因为介词短语是起修饰的作用，所以谓语动词由介词短语之前的名词的单复数决定，与介词短语之后的名词无关。The fruit (like apples, oranges) is good for our health.（句子括号部分为修饰成分）Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。12. A or B, either A or B，neither A nor B, not only A but also B, not A but B,谓语动词的单复数采用就近原则The teacher or the students are going to the museum.Is the teacher or the students going to the museum?Either my wife or I am going. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.Not the teacher but the students are going to the museum.a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。13. 以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与最近的主语一致。 There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here comes the bus the cars.14. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。但“a variety of, a number of +名词复数”，表示“许多”，动词要用复数形式。A series of taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.一系列磁带已备好在语音室使用A variety of books are listed on the shelf.区别：a number of+复数名词“许多”表示复数；the number of +复数名词“的数字”表示单数。 A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。 The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。 当kind of, pair of, glass of 等短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind, pair, glass等一致。 This pair of trousers is very new, but Toms trousers are very old. There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。15. people, cattle, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，The police(警方)are searching for the robbers.People here are very friendly. family，class，group，team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指具体的所有成员时，谓语动词复数形式。His family isnt large. 表示“家庭”，他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 表示“家人”，我们一家人都喜欢看电视。“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。 The Smiths are having dinner. 史密斯一家人正在吃饭。16. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式（常考）表示抽象概念时，用单数形式（这个考得比较少） The poor (=poor people) are very happy, but the rich are sad. The beautiful (=beauty表示“美”这个抽象的概念) lives forever. 美是永存的。17. 单、复数同形的名词如sheep; deer; means作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.Every means has been tried.18. all of/ most of /half of /the rest of/ the majority of +名词，lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词，分数/百分数+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。All of my students work hard.All of the oil is gone.Two-thirds of the students are reading.The majority of the students like potatoes.如果主语由one in/one out of + 复数名词 构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数。One in ten students has passed the examination.One out of twelve bottles was left.19. 定语从句中关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。I like the music that is interesting. I like the people who are friendly.注意区别：Lily is one of the students who are hard-working. （是girls勤奋，Lily是其中之一）Lily is the only one of the students who is hard-working. （Lily是唯一勤奋的那个）20. What 引导的从句作主语时，由what指代的名词决定。What we want is a happy life. = A happy life is what we want.What we need are a good job and a happy life. = A good job and a happy life are what we need.21.名词性物主代词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Your classroom is small. Ours (=our classroom) is big.Your shoes are white. Mine (= my shoes) are black.Exercise:1. Miss Huang together with her friends _ shopping every Sunday evening. A. go B. went C. going D. goes2. The United Nations _ in 1945. A. are set up B. were set up C. was set up D. is set up3. Ten kilometers _ way.A. are quite long B. are quite a long C. is quite a long D. is a quite long4. How many students are there in your class? - _ the students in our class _ over fifty. A. The number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. A number of; are5. Look! There _ playing with the children on Dongfeng Square.A. are a number of deer B. is a number of deer C. are a number of deers D. is a number of deers6. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. was B. were C. is D. are7. Each of the students _ a dictionary. A. have B. has C. is D. are8. Nothing but cars _ in the shop. A. is sold B. are sold C. were sold D. are going to sell9. The Greens _ France since the spring of 1990. A. have been to B. have been in C. has been to D. had been in10. How many teachers are there in your school? - About 150. One third of them _ men teachers. A. have B. has C. are D. is11. When and where to go for the holiday _ yet. A. have not been decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. has not been decided12. Your trousers _ dirty, you must have _ washed. A. is, them B. are, it C. are, them D. is, it13. No one except Jack and Tom _ the answer. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are known 14. Seventy percent of the students in our school_ from the countryside. A. is B. are C. comes D. are coming15. Not only the student but also Mr. Smith _ tired of having one examination. A. is B. are C. was D. were16. My brother asked me ten questions. The first five were easy, but the rest _ difficult. A. were B. are C. was D. is17. The poor _ happy; but the rich _ sad. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is18. John and his uncle _ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are19. Either my friends or I _ going to the library on Monday. A. is B. be C. am D. are20. Why did you choose English instead of Japanese? - Because Japanese _ as popular as English. A. isnt B. arent C. has been D. have been21. To save time _ to lengthen life. A. are B. was C. were D. is22. _ of the money _ used up. A. Three-five, are B. Three-fifths, have been C. Three-fifths, has been D. Third-fifths, is23. The Chinese _ peace but they arent afraid of war. A. love B. loves C. loved D. loving24. The number of the people who _cars _ increasing. A. owns, are B. owns, is C. own, is D. own, are25. Nothing _ difficult in the world, _ it? A. are, are B. is, isnt C. are, arent D. is, is26. The sheets for your bed _ washing. A. needs B. are needing C. need D. is needing27. Xiao Dong is one of the best students in his class who _ by their teacher. A. praises B. is praised C. praise D. are praised28. Swimming in the pool with the children _ very interesting. A. has B. have C. is D. are29. _ politics difficult for you to learn? A. Are B. Do C. Does D. Is30. No news _ good news. A. am B. are C. is D. be31. John with his uncle _ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are32. Jimmys family _ a large one. The whole family _ watching TV. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is33. Half of the apple _ bad. A