牛津高中英语18模块重点词汇讲解

牛津高中英语18模块重点词汇讲解（一）,1.inform(P16,M1):WeregrettoinformyouthatourlibrarywillbeclosednextWednesday,ThursdayandFridayforthesportsmeeting.,inform,Usage1:inform+obj.+(that)/wh-e.g.:(1)IinformedhimthatIwouldnotbeabletoattendthemeeting.我告诉他说我不能参加会议了。,(2)Couldyoupleaseinformmehowtogoaboutcontactingalawyer?你能告诉我如何联系一位律师吗？,Usage2:inform+obj+(of/about)e.g.:(1)Iwasntinformedofthedecisionuntiltoolate.等我得到通知时已经太晚了。(2)WhywasntIinformed?为什么没有人告诉我？,扩展：keep+sb.+informedofsth.让某人了解某事的发展动态e.g.:TheyarekeptinformedofthedevelopmentofIT.他们一直了解信息工业的发展动态。,_whatishappeninginhisowncountry,hewatchesTVandreadsnewspaperseveryday.ToinformB.InformingofC.TobeinformedofD.Havinginformedof,扩展：information【U】informativeadj.增长见识的，增益的；有教育性的e.g.:ChildrenshouldbeencouragedtowatchmoreinformativeTVprograms.,2.approve(P18,M1):Heapprovedtheidea,andtwoyearslaterIamtheoldeststudentmemberoftheradioclub.,approve,Usage1:vt.,toagreeofficiallyto批准；通过；认可e.g.:(1)Thecitycouncilapprovedthebuildingplans.市议会批准了这些建筑计划。,(2)Theequipmentmustbeboughtfromasupplierapprovedbythecompany.设备必须从公司认可的供应商那里购买。,Usage2:vi.(of),赞成，同意，支持e.g.:(1)Idontapproveofsmokinginbed.我不赞成在床上吸烟。(2)Youcanjointheclassifyourmotherapproves.如果你母亲同意的话，你可以加入这个班级。,扩展：approval【U】e.g.:(1)Ihopethatthearrangementswillmeetwithyourapproval.我希望这些安排能够得到你的赞同。(2)Wecantstartbuildingwithoutthecouncilsapproval.未经委员会批准，我们不能动工。其反义词:disapproval,3.require(P18,M1):WhenIattendedthefirstmeeting,IwasrequiredtowriteapoemandIhadtoreaditouttothegroup.,require,Usage1:require+obj.+to-v.要求；命令e.g.:Allpassengersarerequiredtoshowtheirtickets.所有乘客都被要求出示车票。,Usage2:require+that要求；命令e.g.:Theregulationsrequirethatallstudentsshallattendatleast90%ofthelectures.规定要求所有学生的听课率至少要达到90%.,Usage3:requiresth.ofsb.要求；命令e.g.:Silenceisrequiredofallexaminationcandidates.应试者都要保持安静。,Usage4:requiresth./doingsth./that需要e.g.:(1)Thissuggestionwillrequirecarefulthought.这建议需要仔细考虑。,(2)Tocarryoutthisplanwouldrequireincreasingourstaffby50%执行这计划需要增加50%的人员。,(5)Theurgencyofthesituationrequiresthatwe(should)makeanimmediatedecision.形势紧急，需要我们立刻做出决定。,insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,demand,request,ask等动词,常与虚拟语气连用的动词,e.g.:(1)Theexpertinsistedthatthedam(should)notbebuiltovertheriver.专家坚持要求这条河道上不能建设堤坝。,(2)Canyousuggesthowwe(should)doit?该如何做这件事，你能给点建议吗？,(3)Itisaskedthatthey(should)beallowedtoleave.有人请求准许他们离开。(4)Itisadvisedthatwe(should)takemorevegetablesandfruits.有人建议我们多吃蔬菜和水果。,order,command,suggestion,advice,proposal,idea,requirement等名词,常与虚拟语气连用的名词,e.g.:(1)Theproposalthatthehospitalshouldbeclosedwasrejectedbyalargemajority.关闭医院的提议遭到大多数人的拒绝。,(2)Myideaisthatweshouldwaitforanotherhour.我的想法是我们应该再等一个小时。,e.g.:(1)Thelatestfiguressuggestthatbusinessisimproving.最新的数据表明生意正在好转。,特别提醒:suggest和insist,(2)Hestillinsiststhathewasnotthereatthattime.他还坚持说当时自己不在场。,扩展：其名词requirement:sth.thatisneededorthatisdemandedasnecessary必需品；要求之物,requirement,e.g.:(1)Therefugeesmainrequirementsarefoodandshelter.难民们的主要需要是食物和住所。,(2)Canthiscomputerhandletherequirementsofthewagesdepartment?这台计算机能够处理工资部门的需要吗？,(3)CandidateswhofailtomeettheserequirementswillnotbeadmittedtotheUniversity.未能满足要求的应考生不能上这所大学。,4.spare(P38,M1):ThenwhenIhavesomesparetimeandwanttobealone,theycallmeselfishandunloving.,spare,Usage1:adj.,多余的，剩下的；备用的；空闲的e.g.:(1)asparetyre备用轮胎(2)Haveyougotasparemoment?Idliketodiscuss.你有空吗？我有事与你商量。,(2)Whatdoyoulikedoinginyoursparetime?你空闲的时候喜欢干什么？,Usage2:vt.,（把多余不用的人或物）拨出，腾出，抽出，让给e.g.:(1)Weresobusythatnooneintheofficecanbesparedforanyotherwork.我们办公室里的人都很忙，腾不出任何人去干其他任何事。,(2)Canyousparemefiveminutes?你能给我五分钟的时间吗？(3)-Haveyougotenough?-Yes;wevegotenoughandtospare.-你们够吗？-够了，绰绰有余。,Usage3:vt.,节约，节省，舍不得，爱惜（一般用于疑问句和否定句）e.g.:(1)Notroublewassparedtomakesuretheguestsenjoyedthemselves.为使宾客尽情欢乐而不遗余力。,(2)Noexpensewassparedinprovidingthefoodandwine.为提供酒食而不惜成本。,Usage4:spare+obj.(i)+obj.(d)使某人免受不受欢迎的事；省掉，免除（某人的需要或麻烦）,e.g.:(1)ItwasahorribleaccidentIllspareyouthedetails.事故很惨，我就不跟你讲细节了。(2)Usethetelephoneandspareyourselfavisit.打电话吧，免得跑一趟。,5.search(P2,M2):PoliceinAmericahavesteppeduptheirsearchfora15yearoldboywhowentmissingtwodaysagoinDover.,search,Usage1:noun,搜查，搜索；寻找e.g.:(1)Theypoliceconductedalongsearchforthelostchild.警察对那个失踪男孩进行了长久的搜索。,(2)IwentoffinsearchofagaragewhereIcouldbuysomepetrol.我动身去寻找加油站，希望在那里可以买到汽油。,Usage2:vi.,search(throughsp.forsth.)e.g.:(1)Hesearchedthroughhispocketsforacigarette.他翻遍口袋寻找香烟。,(2)Scientistsarestillsearchingforacuretothecommoncold.科学家还在寻找治愈普通感冒的良方。(3)Shesearcheddesperatelyforsomereasontostay.她拼命寻找留下的理由。,Usage3:vt.，searchsp./sb.(forsth.)e.g.:(1)Thepolicesearchedthesuspectbutfoundnoweapononhim.警察搜了嫌疑犯的身，但没有在他身上找到武器。,(3)Theysearchedthewoodsforthelittleboy.他们搜查了小树林，寻找那个小男孩。(4)IvesearchedmyconscienceandIstillthinkIdidtherightthing.我扪心自问过了，还是认为自己做得是对的。,扩展:searchingadj.,sharpandthorough;anxioustodiscoverthetruthe.g.:Shegavemeasearchinglook,asifdoubtingwhatIsaid.她锐利地看着我，似乎在怀疑我所说的话。,扩展：searchlight探照灯searchparty搜索队，救援队searchwarrant搜查令，搜查证,convincing,6.convincing(P3,M2):Wewillnotgiveupuntilwefindconvincingevidence.,convincing令人信服的e.g.:Yourenotaconvincingliar.你的谎言难以让人信服。,convincesb.(ofsth./that)使某人信服e.g.:(1)Imanagedtoconvincethemthatthestorywastrue.我设法使他们相信故事是真实的。(2)Wefinallyconvincedthemofherguilt.我们最终使他们相信她是有罪的。,convinced(of)信服的，坚信的e.g.:(1)Weareallconvincedofhisinnocence.我们深信他是清白的。,(2)Ifeltconvincedthattheywereright.我深信他们是正确的。(3)Mollyagreed,butshedidntsoundveryconvinced.莫莉同意了，但好像不太信服。,扩展：amuse,annoy,amaze,bore,confuse,convince,excite,embarrass,frighten,puzzle,surprise,shock,tire+sb.,(sth.be)amusing,annoying,amazing,boring,confusing,convincing,exciting,embarrassing,frightening,puzzling,surprising,shocking,tiring,(sb.be/get)amused,annoyed,amazed,bored,confused,convinced,excited,embarrassed,frightened,puzzled,surprised,shocked,tired,7.charge(P22,M2):Listentomeyoungmanrememberthedaywhenweleftyouincharge?,charge,Usage1:【U】,主管，掌管，责任e.g.:(1)Studentnursesshouldnotbeleftaloneinchargeofhospitalwards.实习护士不可被单独留下照顾病房。,(2)Shetookchargeofthefamilybusinesswhenherfatherdied.她父亲去世后，她接管了家族的企业。,Usage2:【C;U】（货物或劳务的）价钱；费用e.g.:(1)Theadmissionchargeis5.入场费是五美元。,(2)Isthereanychargeforhavingthegoodsdelivered?送货要收费吗？(3)Thefaultypartwasreplacedfreeofcharge.有瑕疵的零件被免费替换了。,Usage3:【C】：控告；罪名e.g.:(1)Thepolicebroughtachargeofmurderagainsthim.警察控告他犯有谋杀罪。(2)Shefacestwochargesoftheft.她面临着两宗偷窃罪。,Usage4:vt./vi.，要价,（向)收费；索取（金额）e.g.:(1)Howmuchdoyouchargeforadoubleroom?一间双人房要多少钱？,(2)Theytriedtochargeme80foranight!一个晚上要我80英镑！(3)Theychargeaheavytaxonimportedwine.他们对进口酒收取高额税。,Usage5:vt.,chargesb.with=accusesb.of控告；指控e.g.:Hewaschargedwiththerobbery.他被控告犯有谋杀罪。,Usage6:vt./vi.,（使）充电e.g.:(1)Hismobilephoneisbeingcharged.他的手机正在充电。,(2)Iftheredlightcomeson,itmeansthatthebatteryisntcharging.如果红灯亮了，就意味着电池没有充上电。,8.reach(P38,M2):Hedescribedabeautifulkingdomwherethreeriversjoinedtogether,snow-cappedmountainsreachedtothesky,andfieldsoflonggrasscoveredtheearth.,reach,Usage1:vt./vi.（东西或地方）大得足以及到；伸展，延伸e.g.:(1)Theladderwontquitereach(asfaras)thewindow.梯子够不到窗户的高度。(2)Thegardenreachesdowntothelake.花园一直延伸到湖边。,Usage2:vt.，到达，抵达e.g.:(1)Afterseveralchangesofplane,wefinallyreachedLondononTuesday.经过好几次转机之后，我们终于在星期二到达了伦敦。,(2)Haveyoureachedtheendofthebookyet?这本书你有没有看完？(3)Thenewsonlyreachedmethen.我那时才得到消息。(4)Shesreachedtheageof50.她已50了。,(5)OursalestoJapanhavereachedrecordlevels.我们对日本的销售额已达到创纪录水平。(6)Thetwosidesfailedtoreachanagreementafterseveralhoursofdiscussion.经过几个小时的讨论，双方未能达成协议。,Usage3:vi./vt，伸出手臂伸手触及；伸手去取，伸手递给e.g.:(1)Hereachedacrossthetableandpickedupthebook.他伸手越过桌子去取那本书。(2)reachforstars伸手摘星（比喻难以实现的愿望）,(3)Areyoutallenoughtoreachtheappleonthetree?你够得着树上的苹果吗？(4)Wecouldseenothingbuthousesasfarastheeyecouldreach.放眼望去，除却房屋，什么也看不到。,(5)Ireacheddownthechildscapfromthehook.我从挂钩上取下了孩子的帽子。(6)Couldyoureachmethebookfromthetopshelf?可否把顶层架上的那本书取给我？,Usage4:vt.，与联络e.g.:Youcanusuallyreachhimonthisphonenumber.通常打这个电话可以与他取得联系。,Usage5:U,(手、能力、智力、影响等)可及之范围e.g.:Themedicinewasputoutofthechildsreach.药被放在孩子够不着的地方。,Usage6:(江、河的)一段流域;地带;大片地区Ce.g.:theupperreachesoftheriver河的上游地区,9.claim(P38,M2):InSeptember1977,thegovernmentinYunnanProvinceclaimedthatZhongdianiswhereShangri-laisinHiltonsstory.,claim,Usage1:(尤指面对反对意见）断言；声称；主张；认定e.g.:Theyclaimtohavediscovered/claimthattheyhavediscoveredacureforthedisease,butthishasnotbeenprovedyet.他们声称已经发现了一种能够治愈这种疾病的良方，但这还未得到证实。,Usage2:vt./vi.，（根据权利而）（对）提出要求；索取；认领；声称有的权利e.g.:（1）Didyouclaimontheinsuranceaftertheaccident?事故之后，你有没有向保险公司索赔？,(2)Oldpeopleareentitledtoclaimaspecialheatingallowancefromthegovernment.老年人有权向政府领取一笔特殊取暖津贴。(3)Ifnooneclaimsthelostumbrella,thepersonwhofounditcankeepit.如果无人认领这把雨伞，拾到者可保留之。,Usage3:vt.，夺去生命e.g.:Thefloodclaimshundredsoflives.洪水夺去了