十篇小品文让你的写作水平升级（精美幻灯片）.ppt

练Passage可以用的10个段子,唐艳萍Olive,艺术类音乐ItmayseemstrangethatwerediscussingmusicfromaBroadwayproductioninthisclass,TheLionKingespecially,sinceitsbasedonapopularHollywoodmovie.ImeanmusicpreformedforBroadwaytheaterintheheartofNewYorkcitysurelywouldseemtobeinthewesterntraditionofpopularmusicandnothavemuchincommonwiththemusicwehavebeenstudyinginthiscourse,suchasgamelanmusicofIndonesia,orZuluchantsofSouthAfrica,musicthatdevelopedoutsidethewesterntraditionofEuropeandAmerica.Butinfact,musicianshavealong-standingtraditionofborrowingfrontoneanotherscultures.Andthisproductionsdirectorintentionallyincludedbothwesternandnon-westernmusic.Thatway,someoftherhythms,instrument,andharmoniestypicalofnon-westernmusiccontrastwithandcomplementpopularmusicmorefamiliartoaudiencesinNorthAmericaandEurope,musiclikerock,jazzorBroadwaystyleshowtunes.SoIwanttospendtherestofthisclassandmostofthenextoneonthemusicfromtheshowTheLionKingasawayofsummarizingsomeofthetechnicaldistinctionsbetweentypicalwesternmusicandthenon-westernmusicthatwevebeenstudying.NowtheAfricaninfluenceonthemusicisclear.ThestorytakesplaceinAfrica.SothedirectorgotaSouthAfricancomposertowritesongswithadistinctlyAfricansound.AndthesongsevenincludewordsfromAfricanlanguages.ButwellgetbacktotheAfricaninfluencelater.FirstletsturntothemusicthatwaswrittenfortheshadowpuppetscenesinTheLionKing,musicbasedontheIndonesianmusicusedintheshadowpuppettheaterofthatregion,天文学Inancienttimes,manypeoplebelievedtheearthwasaflatdisc.Wellover2,000yearsago;theancientGreekphilosopherswereabletoputforwardtwogoodargumentsprovingthatitwasnot.Directobservationsofheavenlybodieswerethebasisofboththesearguments.First,theGreeksknewthatduringeclipsesofthemoontheearthwasbetweenthesunandthemoon,andtheysawthatduringtheseeclipses,theearthsshadowonthemoonwasalwaysround,theyrealizedthatthiscouldbetrueonlyiftheearthwasspherical,Ittheearthwasaflatdisc,thenitsshadowduringeclipseswouldnotbeaprefectcircle;itwouldbestretchedoutintoalongellipse.ThesecondargumentwasbasedonwhattheGreekssawduringtheirtravels.TheynoticedthattheNorthStar,orPolaris,appearedlowerintheskywhentheytraveledsouth,inthemorenortherlyregions,theNorthStarappearedtothemtobemuchhigherinthesky.Bytheway,itwasalsofromthisdifferenceintheapparentpositionoftheNorthStarthattheGreeksfirstcalculatedtheapproximatedistancearoundthecircumferenceoftheearth,afigurerecordedinancientdocumentssays400.000stadium,thatsthepluraloftheworldstadium.Today,itsnotknownexactlywhatlengthonestadiumrepresents,butletssayitwasabout200meters,thelengthofmanyathleticstadiums.ThiswouldmaketheGreeksestimateabouttwicethefigureacceptedtoday,averygoodestimateforthosewritingsolongbeforeeventhefirsttelescopewasinvented.,文学名著Continuingoursurveyofthe19thcentury,letstakealooknowatHarrietBeecherStowe.NowStoweisbestknownforhernovelUncleTomsCabin,abookthatdetailstheharshnessofplantationlifeinthesouth.ThebookwasextremelypopularintheUnitedStatesaswellasinothercountries.Ironicallythough,foralltheattentiongiventoUncleTomsCabin,itsfarfromStowesbestwork.Shedidwriteoneothernovelaboutlifeinthesouth,butmuchofherbestworkhasnothingwiththesouthatall.Infact,StowesbestwritingisaboutvillagelifeintheNewEnglandsstatesinthe19thcentury.Inrecordingtothecustomsofthevillagesshewroteabout,Stoweclaimedthatherpurposewastoreflecttheimagesasrealisticallyaspossible.Sheusuallysucceeded,forhersettingswereoftendescribedaccuratelyandindetail.Inthissense,shewasanimportantforerunnertotherealisticmovementthatbecamepopularlaterinthe19thcentury.Shewasoneofthefirstwriterstouselocaldialectforhercharacterswhentheyspoke.Andshedidthisfor30yearsbeforeMarkTwainpopularizedtheuseoflocaldialect.ItmakessensethatStowewouldwriteaboutNewEnglandlife,sinceshewasborninConnecticut.Asayoungwomanthere,sheworkedasateacher.Theteachingjobhelpedleadtoherfirstpublishedwork,ageographybookforchildren.Laterwhenshewasmarried,herwritinghelpedhersupportherfamilyfinancially.Throughoutherlife,shewrotepoems,travelbooks,biographicalsketchesandchildrensbooks,aswellasnovelsforadults.,生活类：噪音影响Imgradtoseesomanyofyouhere.Wevebecomereallyalarmedoverthehealthcenterbythenumberofstudentsweareseeing,whoareexperiencinghearingloss.First,Iwanttogooversomebasicabouthearing.Thenwecantakealookatourschoolenvironmentandseeifwecanfigureoutsomewaystoprotecthearing.Theleadingcauseofpreventablehearinglossisexcessivenoise.Toomuchmoderatenoiseforalongtimeorsometypesofintensenoiseforevenashorttimecandamagehearing.Loudnessismeasuredinunitscalleddecibels.Onedecibelisthelowestsoundthattheaveragepersoncanhere.Soundsupto80decibelsgenerallyarentharmful.Thatsnoiseliketrafficonabusystreet.Butanythinglouderthan80decibels,especiallywithcontinuousexposure,mayeventuallyhurtyourhearing.Onceyouareuptoaround140decibels,thatslikeajetplanetakingoff,thenyoumightevenfeelpaininyourears.Andpainsaresuresignthatyourhearingsatrisk.Evenoneexposuretoareallyloudnoiseatcloserangecancausehearingloss.Sowhatyouneedtodoislimityourexposuretoharmfullevels.Ifyoupassalongthishandout,wecantakealookatthedecibellevelofsomecommoncampussounds.Noticehowloudthosehornsarethatpeopletaketofootballgames.Theyarereallydangerousifblownrightbehindyou.Now,letstrytogeneratealistofdamagingnoises,电影艺术TogetusstartedthissemesterIamgoingtospendthefirsttwoclassesgivingyoubackgroundlecturesaboutsomebasiccinematicconcepts.Onceyouarealittlemorefamiliarwithbasicfilmterminology,wewillbereadytolookatthehistoryofmoviesintheUnitedStates.YoullbeexpectedtoattendshowingoffilmsonTuesdayeveningsat7oclockinJenningsAuditorium.Thatsourlab.ThenduringourWednesdayseminar,welldiscussindepththemoviewesawthenightbefore.Wearenotcoveringsilentfilmsinthiscourse.Wewillbeginwiththefirsttalkingmotionpicture,TheJazzSinger,releasedin1927.Thenextweek,wellbelookingatTheGoldDiggersof1933,apiecethatisveryrepresentativeoftheescapisttrendinfilmsreleasedduringthedepression.Someofthefilmswewillbewatchingwillprobablybenewtoyou,likeFrankCaprasWhyWeFight.OthersyoumighthavealreadyseenonTVlikeRebelwithoutACausestarringJamesDeane,orStanleyCoopersDoctorsStrangeLove.However,Ihopeyouseeevenfamiliarfilmwithneweye.Inthelastthreeweeksofthecourse,wewillbewatchingfilmsfromthe1980sandyoullchooseoneofthemasasubjectforanextensivewrittencritique.Welltalkmoreabouttherequirementsofthecritiquelaterinthissemester,历史发展Lasttime,weoutlinedhowtheCivilWarfinallygotstarted.Iwanttotalktodayaboutthepoliticalmanagementofthewaronbothsides:thenorthunderAbrahamLincolnandthesouthunderJeffersonDavis.Animportanttaskforbothofthesepresidentswastojustifyfortheircitizensjustwhythewarwasnecessary.In1861,onJuly4th,Lincolngavehisfirstmajorspeechinwhichhepresentedthenorthernreasonsforthewar.Itwas,hesaid,topreservedemocracy.Lincolnsuggestedthatthiswarwasanoblecrusadethatwoulddeterminethefutureofdemocracythroughouttheworld.Forhimtheissuewaswhetherornotthisgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeoplecouldmaintainitsintegrity,coulditremaincompleteandsurviveitsdomesticfoes.Inotherwords,couldafewdiscontentedindividualsandbythathemeantthosewholedthesouthernrebellion,couldtheyarbitrarilybreakupthegovernmentandputanendtofreegovernmentonearth?Theonlywayforthenationtosurvivewastocrushtherebellion.Atthetime,hewashopefulthatthewarwouldntlastlongandtheslaveownerswouldbeputdownforever,butheunderestimatedhowdifficultthewarwouldbe.ItwouldbeharderthananytheAmericanshadthoughtbeforeorsince,largelybecausethenorthhadtobreakthewillofthesouthernpeople,notjustbyitsarmy.ButLincolnralliednorthernerstoadeepcommitmenttothecause.Theycametoperceivethewarasakindofdemocraticcrusadeagainstsouthernsociety.,传媒变迁Movingawayfromnewspapers,letsnowfocusonmagazines.NowthefirstmagazinewasalittleperiodicalcalledtheReviewanditwasstartedinLondonin1704.Itlookedalotlikethenewspapersofthetime,butintermsofitscontentsitwasmuchdifferent.NewspaperswereconcernedmainlywithnewseventsbuttheReviewfocusedonimportantdomesticissuesoftheday,aswellasthepoliciesofthegovernment.Now,inEnglandatthetime,peoplecouldstillbethrowninjailforpublishingarticlesthatwerecriticaloftheking.AndthatiswhathappenedtoDanielDefoe.Hewastheoutspokenfounderofthereview.DefoeactuallywrotethefirstissueoftheReviewfromprison.Yousee,hehadbeenarrestedbecauseofhiswritingsthatcriticizedthepoliciesoftheChurchofEngland,whichwasheadedbytheking.Afterhisrelease,DefoecontinuedtoproducetheReviewandthemagazinestartedtoappearonamorefrequentschedule,aboutthreetimesaweek.Itdidnttakelongforothermagazinestostartpoppingup.In1709,amagazinecalledtheTattlerbeganpublication.Thisnewmagazinecontainedamixtureofnews,poetry,politicalanalysisandphilosophicalessays.,远程教育Hi,Lynn.Isawyouatregistrationyesterday.Isailedrightthrough,butyouwerestandinginalongline.Yeah.Iwaitedanhourtosignupforadistance-learningcourse.Distancelearning?Neverheardofit.Well,itsnewthissemester.Itsonlyopentopsychologymajors.ButIbetitllcatchonelsewhere.Yesterday,overahundredstudentssignedup.Well,whatisit?Itsanexperimentalcourse.Iregisteredforchildpsychology.AllIhavegottodoiswatchatwelve-weekseriesoftelevisedlessons.Thedepartmentshowsthemsevendifferenttimesadayandinsevendifferentlocations.Dontyoueverhavetomeetwithprofessor?Yeah.AftereachpartoftheseriesIhavetotalktoherandtheotherstudentsonthephone,youknow,aboutourideas.Thenwellmeetoncampusthreetimesforreviewsandexams.Itsoundsprettynon-traditionaltome.ButIguessitmakessense,consideringhowmanystudentshavejobs.Itmustreallyhelpwiththeirschedules,nottomentionhowitwillcutdownontraffic.Youknow,lastyearmydepartmentdidasurveyandtheyfoundoutthat80percentofallpsychologymajorswereemployed.Thatswhytheycameupwiththeprogram.Look,Illbeworkingthreedaysaweeknextsemesteranditwaseithercutbackonmyclassesortrythisout.Theonlythingis:doesntitseemimpersonalthough?Imean,Imisshavingclassdiscussionsandhearingwhatotherpeoplethink.Well,Iguessthatswhyphonecontactsimportant.Anyway,itsanexperiment.MaybeIllenduphatingit.Maybe.ButIllbecurioustoseehowitworksup.,游览沼泽地公园WelcometoEvergladesNationalPark.TheEvergladeisawateryplaincoveredwithsawgrassthatsthehometonumerousspeciesofplantsandwildlife.Andoneandhalfmillionacreistoobigtoseeitalltoday.Butthistourwillofferyouagoodsampling.OurtourbuswillstopfirstatTailorSlue.Thisisagoodplacetostartbecauseitshometomanyoftheplantsandanimalstypicallyassociatedwiththeeverglade.Youllseemanyexoticbirdsandofcourseaworldfamousalligators.Dontworry.Theresaboardwalkthatgoesacrossthemarsh,soyoucanlookdownattheanimalsinthewaterfromasafedistance.Theboardwalkishighenoughtogiveyouagreatviewofthesawgrassprairie.Fromtherewellheadatsomeothermarshyandevenjungle-likeareasthatfeaturewonderfultropicalplantlife.Forthoseofyouwhodlikeacloseviewofthesawgrassprairie,youmightconsiderrunningacanoesometimeduringyourvisithere.However,dontdothisunlessyouhaveaverygoodsenseofdirectionandcannegotiateyourwaythroughtallgrass.Wehatetohavetocomelookingforyou.Youhaveagoodfortuneofbeinghereinthewinter,thebesttimeoftheyeartovisit.Duringthespringandsummerthemosquitoeswilljustabouttoeatyoualive.Rightnow,theyarenotsobothersome,butyoullsoonwanttouseaninsectrepellent.,地理冒险Goodmorning,class.Beforewebegintoday,Iwouldliketoaddressanis