高三英语非谓语动词

语法复习,非谓语动词,一、非谓语动词的考点1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别；2、非谓语动词作定语；3、非谓语动词作主语和表语；4、非谓语动词作宾语；5、非谓语动词作宾补；6、非谓语动词作状语；7、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。,二、非谓语动词的句法功能,三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击：1.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.(93N)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_thegirlandtookheraway,_intothewoods.（04上海春季）A.seizing.,disappearedB.seized.,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing,两个动作之间用and连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用and连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。,seized和took是并列谓语，disappearing是伴随状语。此题的关键是and的位置，如果and在disappear前，则三个动词并列。,A,D,四、非谓语动词作主语和表语高考题点击：1.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_.(01上海)A.hedliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.(05北京卷)A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having,在and连接的并列句中，两个主语要保持一致的形式。动名词fishing和collectingcoins分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”,D,D,非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题，如：Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.第二需要注意一些结构：A)在Itsnouse(good;value;importance)等结构中只用动名词作主语。如：Itsnousequarrellingwithsuchafellow.注意比较：Theresnoneedtotellhimaboutit.B)在Its+adj.结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：Itseasy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenough)后加forsb.todoItskind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)后加ofsb.todo,3.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.(99N)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake,B,动词不定式短语tomakelifeeasier及nottomakeitmoredifficult都作purpose的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业等。另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。,五、非谓语动词作定语高考题点击：1.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.（04上海）A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt2.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe_murderlastnight.（04江苏）A.advisedB.attendedC.attemptedD.admitted,该题的谓语动词是attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修饰主语flowers。,B,C,“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。,3.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.(00北京春季)A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung4.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.(99上海)A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing,B,B,hang作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的hang为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。,动词不定式tochoosefrom和tochoose都可以作定语，问题是tochoose作定语时该名词是choose的对象；tochoosefrom作定语时，该名词是choose的范围。该题指的是范围.,非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：在time,chance,right等名词后；在序数词后；在wish,need,demand,requirement等词后。D)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：done表示已经完成的动作tobedone表示尚未开始的动作beingdone表示正在进行之中的动作,六、非谓语动词作宾补高考题点击：Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(95N)A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donotto,A,为了避免重复，常用省略形式to来代替前面的动作。如：Wouldyouliketovisitourschool?Yes,Idliketo.有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除tell外，常见的还有：adviseallowcauseconsiderencourageforbidforceintendorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireurgewarnaskwishwant等特别注意：hope,agree,demand,suggest等没有宾补。,2.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.(95N)A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.(99上海)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone,使役动词make/have/letsb.dosth.但改为被动语态后，则应为：bemade/lettodo。注意其它不带to的动词不定式的用法。,此句中的it指代的是acomputer，what在从句中作do宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用peoplehaveacomputerdo这一结构。需要注意的是have的几个常用结构：havesb./sth.do;havesb./sth.done;havesb./sth.doing;have(有)sb./sth.todo,B,A,4.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.(00N)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout5.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.(94N)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay,that引导的是定语从句，修饰plan，在从句中作see的宾语。因此从句中的结构应为seetheplancarriedout。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。,感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。,C,A,七、非谓语动词作宾语高考题点击：1.Weagreed_herebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.(95N)A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_tomynewjob.(00N)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,C,B,注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,plan,pretend,等；注意2：动词know,show等常带疑问词加todo作宾语。,3.Ireallyappreciate_torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(01上海)A.tohavehadtimeB.havingtimeC.tohavetimeD.tohavingtime,B,仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admitappreciateavoiddelayenjoyescapeexcusepreventfinishimaginemindpractiseresistrisksuggeststandforgivekeepallowadvisepermitforbid但如果在allowadvisepermitforbid后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。在动词want,need,require,demand等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于tobedone。,4.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.(95N)A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone5.-Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.-Dontyouremember_methestoryyesterday?(99上海)A.toldB.tellingC.totelltohavetold6.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_foranotherhour.(02上海春季)A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting,D,B,A,特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词：remember,forget,regret,try,goon,mean,miss,stop,7.Howaboutthetwoofus_awalkdownthegarden?(93N)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking8.-Imustapologizefor_aheadoftime.-Thatsallright.(94N)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Sandycoulddonothingbut_tohisteacherthathewaswrong.(01上海春季)A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit,C,B,A,介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但有三个介词but(except)/than/beabout后要接不定式作宾语。,10.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.(94N)A.riderideB.ridingrideC.ridetorideD.torideriding,注意prefer的几个常用句型：prefertodosth.thandosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.prefer+n.to+n.,C,11.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_someschoolsforpoorchildren.(01上海春季)A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup12.-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?-Thekey_theproblemistomeetthedemand_bythecustomers.(02北京)A.tosolvingmakingB.tosolvingmadeC.tosolvemakingD.tosolvemade,B,B,要特别注意to的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。admitto，beaccustomedto习惯于，beusedto，stickto，turnto，devoteoneselfto，bedevotedto，lookforwardto，payattentionto,getdownto等,八、非谓语动词作状语高考题点击：1.-Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?-_enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.(99上海)A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting2._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(01北京春季)A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept3.Inordertomakeourcitygreen,_.(02上海春季)A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretrees,C,A,D,4._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(96N)A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose5._thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00北京春季)A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven6.HesentmeanE-mail,_togetfurtherinformation.(00上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope,loseoneselfinsth.表示“陷入”，主语he为lose的宾语。,given作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于considering。,注意hoping为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的toget。,C,A,B,7.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(02N)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun8.Findinghercarstolen,_.(01上海).A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp,once在此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语的关系。begin为及物动词，意为“开始、启动”，故该用过去分词。,本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。,D,D,九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动高考题点击：Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.(97N)A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone2.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(99N)A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying,D,A,wouldlovetohavedone表示本想去做，但没做成。,本题的关键是“whatcountryhestudiedin”，由此可知事情发生在过去。,3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything.(01上海)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodforth