The Theory of Conversational Implicature会话含义理论

TheTheoryofConversationalImplicature会话含义理论,BriefIntroductionTheCooperativePrinciple2.Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.e.g:A:Whatdateisyourbirthday?B:December26.()B:December26,thedayaftertheChristmasDay.(),2)qualitymaxim质量准则,Trytomakeyourcontributiononethatisture.1.Donotsaywahtyoubelievetobefalse;2.Donotsaythatforwhichyulackadequateevidence.e.g:SuppuseBisachinese.A:Whatcontryareyoufrom?B:IcomefromChina.()B:IcomefromAmerica.(),3)relationmaxim关联原则,Berelevant.e.g:A:Iamoutofpetrol.B:Thereisagarageatthecorner.()B:Itissunnytoday.(),4)mannermaxim方式准则,Beperspicuous(明白易懂的).1.Avoidobscurityofexpression;2.Avoidambiguity;3.Bebrief(avoidprolixity);4.Beorderly.e.g:A:Letsgetthekidssomething.B:Icecreamwouldbenice.()B:Okey,butIvetoI-C-EC-R-E-A-M-S.(),CharacteristicsofImplicature含义的特征,Calculability可推导性Speakerstrytoconveyconversationalimplicaturesandhearersareabletounderstandthemsuggeststahtimplicuturesarecalculable.5lists;e.g:thecaseofthereferenceletter.,Cancellability可取消性,Alsoknownasdefeasibility(可废除性)Thepresenceofaconversationalimplicaturereliesonanumberoffactors:theconversationalmeaningofwordsused,theCP,thelingisticandsituationalcontexts,etc.Soifanychanges,theimplicaturewillalsochange.e.g:通过附加分句来取消句子含义a.Johnhas3cows.b.Johnhasonly3cows.c.Johnhas3cows,ifnotmore.d.Johnhasatleast3cows.,Non-detachablity不可分离性,Aconversationalimplicatureisattachedtothesemanticcontentofwhatissaid,nottothelinguisticform;implicaturesdonotvanishifthewordsofanutterancesarechangedforsynonyms.e.g:a.Johnsagenious.b.Johnsamentalprodigy.Johnsanidiot.c.Johnsabigbrain.,Non-conventionality非常规性,Conversationalimplicatureisdifferentfromitsconventionalmeaningof