大学英语精读第三版预备级 unit3.ppt

AmericanCurrency,TextA-Beforereading1.-Main,WatchtheVideoClipandDiscuss,ReadersDigest,ElementarySchool,Virginia(VA,Va.),TextA,Howtotellifyourboyfriendisaslob?,Beforereadinghowtotell.1,WatchtheVideoClipandDiscuss,Beforereadinghowtotell.2,1.Doyouthinkthecommunicationbetweentheyoungmanandtheyoungwomaniseffective?Whyorwhynot?2.Supposethatyou,girlstudents,comeacrossthesamesituation,whatwillyoudoorsay?3.Fortheboystudents,doyouthinkthemaninthevideoisasloboranordinaryguy?Giveyourreasons.,Beforereadinghowtotell.1pop,Howtotellifyourboyfriendisaslob?Girl:Hello.Boy:Allright.Girl:Whathaveyoubeendoing?Boy:WatchingTV.Girl:Again?Boy:Yeah.Girl:Whathaveyoueaten?Boy:Igotatakeawaypizza.Girl:Haveyouhadashave?Boy:No.Girl:Haveyouhadashower?,Beforereadinghowtotell.1pop,Boy:No.Girl:Youhaventevenchangedyourclothes!Boy:Imrelaxing!Girl:Look,thisplaceisamess.Boy:Amess?Girl:Yes.Lookyouvegottakeawayfoodboxesandemptydrinkcanseverywhere.Boy:Itsjusthome.Itsmypersonalspace.Girl:Well,itsalsomypersonalspace.Listen,honey,canyoujusttidyupabit?Boy:Totidyup?,Beforereadinghowtotell.1pop,Girl:Yes.Youknow.Putthingsinthebin.Washupthedishes.Boy:OkayIlldoitlater.Girl:Laterwhen?Boy:Later.Girl:Doyouknowsomething?Youreaslob.Boy:Awhat?Girl:Aslob.Boy:Imjustanordinaryguy.Girl:Noyourenot.Yourea.Boy:.slob.Igetit.,ReadersDigest,Beforereading2.1ReadersDigest,ReadersDigestisamonthlygeneral-interestfamilymagazineco-foundedin1922byLilaBellWallaceandDeWittWallace,andbasedinChappaqua,NewYork,UnitedStates.Formanyyears,ReadersDigestwasthebest-sellingconsumermagazineintheUnitedStates,losingthatdistinctionin2009toBetterHomesandGardens.AccordingtoMediamarkResearch,ReadersDigestreachesmorereaderswithhouseholdincomesof$100,000+thanFortune,TheWallStreetJournal,BusinessWeekandIbined.GlobaleditionsofReadersDigestreachanadditional40millionpeopleinmorethan70countries,Beforereading2.1ReadersDigest,with50editionsin21languages.Ithasaglobalcirculationof17million,makingitthelargestpaidcirculationmagazineintheworld.Itisalsopublishedinbraille,digital,audio,andaversioninlargetypecalledReadersDigestLargePrint.Themagazineiscompact,withitspagesroughlyhalfthesizeofmostAmericanmagazines.Hence,inthesummerof2005,theU.S.editionadoptedtheslogan,“Americainyourpocket.”InJanuary2008,itwaschangedto“Lifewellshared.”,Beforereading3.1ElementarySchool,ElementarySchool,Anelementaryschoolisaschoolforchildren,coveringusuallythefirst6or8grades.Typically,childrenareplacedinclasseswithoneteacherwhowillbeprimarilyresponsiblefortheireducationandwelfareforthatyear.Thisteachermaybeassistedbyspecialistteachersincertainsubjectareas,oftenmusicorphysicaleducation.Animportantfeatureoftheelementaryeducationsystemisthecontinuitywithasingleteacherandtheopportunitytobuildupaclose,Beforereading3.2ElementarySchool,relationshipwiththeclass.Themajorgoalsofelementaryeducationareachievingbasicliteracyandnumeracy,aswellasestablishingfoundationsinscience,geography,historyandothersocialsciences.,AmericanCurrency,Beforereading4.1AmericanCurrency,Americancurrencyconsistsofdollarsandcents.Thereareahundredcentsinadollar.Americansusetheword“bill”torefertopapermoney.Therearebillsworthone,two,five,ten,twenty,fifty,andahundreddollars.Therearecoinsworthone,five,ten,andtwenty-fivecents.Theseareoftenreferredtoas“penny”,“nickel”,“dime”,and“quarter”.Identifywhoisinthefollowingrelativecurrency.,Beforereading4.1AmericanCurrency,Presidenton$100onehundreddollarbill:BenjaminFranklin,Presidenton$50fiftydollarbill:UlyssesS.Grant,Presidenton$20twentydollarbill:AndrewJackson,Presidenton$10tendollarbill:AlexanderHamilton,Beforereading4.1AmericanCurrency,Presidenton$5fivedollarbill:AbrahamLincoln,Presidenton$2twodollarbill:ThomasJefferson,Presidenton$1onedollarbill:GeorgeWashington,Virginia(VA,Va.),Beforereading4.1Virginia,TheCommonwealthofVirginiaisaU.S.stateontheAtlanticCoastoftheSouthernUnitedStates.Virginiaisnicknamedthe“OldDominion”andsometimesthe“MotherofPresidents”becauseitisthebirthplaceofeightU.S.presidents.Thegeographyandclimateof,thestateareshapedbytheBlueRidgeMountainsandtheChesapeakeBay,whicharehometomuchofitsfloraandfauna.ThecapitaloftheCommonwealthisRichmond;VirginiaBeachisthemostpopulouscityandFairfaxCountythemostpopulouspoliticalsubdivision.Thestatepopulationisnearlyeightmillion.,Theareashistorybeginswithindigenoussettlements,andthefoundingoftheVirginiaColonyin1607bytheVirginiaCompanyofLondonasthefirstpermanentNewWorldEnglishcolony.LandfromdisplacedNativeAmericantribes,includingthePowhatan,andslavelaboreachplayedsignificantrolesin,Beforereading4.2Virginia,Virginiasearlypoliticsandplantationeconomy.VirginiawasoneoftheThirteenColoniesintheAmericanRevolutionandjoinedtheConfederacyintheAmericanCivilWar,duringwhichRichmondwastheConfederatecapitalandthestateofWestVirginiaseparated.AlthoughtraditionallyconservativeandhistoricallypartoftheSouth,bothmajornationalpartiesarecompetitiveinmodernVirginia.,GlobalReading-main,PartDivisionoftheText,FurtherUnderstanding,ForPart1MultipleChoice,ForPart2SentenceCompletion,ForPart3QuestionsandAnswers,Warm-upExercise,TextA,ForPart4QuestionsandAnswers,PartDivisionoftheText,GlobalReading1.1,Istruggledhardtobeateachersincegraduationfromhighschool.,IwasencouragedtwicebyJoyceCooper,mysecond-gradeteacher.,PartDivisionoftheText,GlobalReading1.1,WiththeinfluenceofJoyceCooper,Ialsotriedtoencouragemystudents.,Aftergraduationwithadegreeandateacherslicense,Ifinallyfoundajobteachingfifthgrade.,C,1.WhenthewholeclassatSmallwoodElementarySchoolstartedlaughing,Ifeltlikethepersonintheworld.,ForPart1,ForPart1MultipleChoice,ReadPart1carefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.,A)smartestB)cleverestC)stupidestD)saddest,_,D,2.“Youwouldmakeanoutstandingteacher,becauseyouaredeterminedandyoutryhard.”Here,theword“make”means,ForPart1,A)produceB)createC)eventD)become,“_”.,ForPart1MultipleChoice,ForPart2SentenceCompletion,ForPart2,1.AfterImarriedBen,amechanic,weneededeverydimejusttogetby.Socollegeandteachingwas.,ReadPart2carefullyandsupplythemissinginformation.,outofthequestion,_,2.ForsevenyearsIattendedclassesatinthemorningsbeforework.,OldDominionUniversity,_,ReadPart3carefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.,ForPart3QuestionsandAnswers,ForPart3,1.Besidesacollegedegree,whatdidIgettoqualifymyselfasateacher?,Stateteachinglicense.,_,2.Whichschoolhadajobformeteachingfifthgrade?,ColemanPlaceElementarySchool.,_,1.WhatdidIdowhentheotherchildrenlaughedandtearsrolleddownthelittlegirlstudentscheeks?,ForPart4,ForPart4QuestionsandAnswers,ReadPart4carefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.,Igaveherahugandtoldhertogetadrinkofwater.,_,2.Then,whatdidIsaytothewholeclass?,Wereallheretolearn.,_,Warm-upExercise,Warm-upExercise1.1,Completethefollowingparagraphabout“encouragement”.Onlyonewordcanbeputineachblankandthefirstletterofthewordisprovided.,Lastnightithappenedtme.Iwastiredfromseveraloverwhelmingweeksoftoomanya;workdeadlinesloomedandIwasl.Afriendencouragedmewithherwords.Iwasaatthesimplicityofwhatshesaidandhowitmademefeel.“Ithinkyouaresobtotacklethatproject.Youwillbeabletofinishwhatyouhavestarted.”Istoodstraighterandsmiled.Awglowenvelopedme.ThatiswhyIampassionateathepowerofencouragementbecauseIknowitw.,o,_,ctivities,_,onely,_,mazed,_,rave,_,arm,_,bout,_,orks,_,DetailedReading1.1,Ateacherspraiseandencouragementmayinfluenceachildgreatly.Letsfindouthowtheteacherinthisstoryhelpedherstudent.,TextA,“Sixteen,”Isaid.Ihaveforgottenthemathquestionmysecond-gradeteacher,JoyceCooper,askedthatday,butIwillneverforgetmyanswer.Assoonasthenumberleftmymouth,thewholeclassatSmallwoodElementarySchoolinNorfolk,Va.,startedlaughing.Ifeltlikethestupidestpersonintheworld.Mrs.Cooperfixedthemwithaseverelook.Thenshesaid,“Wereallheretolearn.”Anothertime,Mrs.Cooperaskedustowriteareportaboutwhatwehopedtodowithourlives.Iwrote,“IwanttobeateacherlikeMrs.Cooper.”,DetailedReading1.2,WereAllHeretoLearn,Shewroteonmyreport,“Youwouldmakeanoutstandingteacher,becauseyouaredeterminedandyoutryhard.”Iwastocarrythosewordsinmyheartforthenext27years.AfterIgraduatedfromhighschool,in1976,Imarriedawonderfulman,Ben,amechanic.Beforelong,Latonyawasborn.Weneededeverydimejusttogetby.Collegeandteachingwasoutofthequestion.,DetailedReading1.3,Idid,however,windupwithajobinaschoolasajanitorsassistant.Icleaned17classroomsatLarrymoreElementarySchooleachday,includingMrs.Coopers.ShehadtransferredtoLarrymoreafterSmallwoodcloseddown.ItoldMrs.CooperthatIstillwantedtoteach,andshewouldrepeatthewordsshehadwrittenonmyreportyearsearlier.Butbillsalwaysseemedtogetintheway.Thenonedayin1986Ithoughtofmydream,ofhowbadlyIwantedtohelpchildren.ButtodothatIneededtoarriveinthemornings,asateachernotintheafternoonstomopup.,DetailedReading1.4,ItalkeditoverwithBenandLatonya,anditwassettled:IwouldenrollatOldDominionUniversity.ForsevenyearsIattendedclassesinthemorningsbeforework.WhenIgothomefromwork,Istudied.OndaysIhadnoclassestoattend,IworkedasateachingassistantforMrs.Cooper.OnMay8,1993,mydreamdayarrivedgraduation.Gettingmycollegedegreeandstateteachinglicenseofficiallyqualifiedmetobeateacher,butjobswerescarce.,DetailedReading1.5,Iinterviewedwiththreeschools.AtColemanPlaceElementarySchool,principalJeanneTomlinsonsaid,“Yourfacelookssofamiliar.”ShehadworkedatLarrymoremorethantenyearsearlier.Ihadcleanedherroom,andsherememberedme.Still,Ihadnoconcreteoffers.ThecallcamewhenIhadjustsignedmy18thcontractasajanitorsassistant.ColemanPlacehadajobformeteachingfifthgrade.,DetailedReading1.6,NotlongafterIstarted,somethinghappenedthatbroughtthepastrushingback.Ihadwrittenasentencefullofgrammaticalerrorsontheblackboard.ThenIaskedstudentstocomeandcorrectthemistakes.Onegirlgothalfwaythrough,becameconfusedandstopped.Astheotherchildrenlaughed,tearsrolleddownhercheeks.Igaveherahugandtoldhertogetadrinkofwater.Then,rememberingMrs.Cooper,Ifixedtherestoftheclasswithaseverelook.“Wereallheretolearn,”Isaid.,DetailedReading1.7,Assoonas,Assoonasthenumberleftmymouth,.AssoonasIspokeoutthenumber,.,fix,fix:looksteadily(atsb.)Examples:Thedriverfixedhiseyesontheroadahead.Theyoungmotherfixedhersoftbrowneyesonherlittlebaby.,severe1,severe:(1)strictorharshinattitudeortreatmentExamples:Dontbetoosevereonhimhesstillachild.MymathteacherissoseverethatImscaredofhim.,severe2,(2)verybad,intenseExamples:Duringthegreatdepression,thecountryfacedsevereeconomicproblems.HurricaneKatrinacausedseveredamagetoNewOrleansCityPark.90percentoftheparkwasunderanywherefromonetotenfeetofwater.,dosthwithsb,dosth.withsb./sth.:(usedinquestionswith“what”)totreat;dealwithExamples:Whathaveyoudonewithmyumbrella?TellmewhatyoudidwithyourselfonSunday.Whatarewegoingtodowiththefoodleftoverfromtheparty?,Youwould,Youwouldmakeanoutstandingteacher,Youwouldbecomeaverygoodteacher,outstanding,outstanding:unusuallygood;excellentExamples:Peterisanoutstandingathleteandissuretowinthematch.Allthelistenerswereimpressedbytheblindsingersoutstandingperformance.,Iwasto,Iwastocarrythosewordsinmyheartforthenext27years.Iwasgoingtokeepthosewordsinmindforthenext27years.,mechanic,mechanic:workerskilledinmaking,using,orrepairingmachines,vehicles,andtoolsExamples:Myfatherisaverygoodelevatormechanic.Ifyousmellsomethingunusualinthecar,gasburning,forinstance,callourmechanic.,getby,getby:managetoliveExamples:Theblindmanmanagedtogetbyonasmallamountofmoney.Jacklostoneofhislegsinacaraccident,buthesaidhecouldgetby.,outofthequestion,outofthequestion:impossible;nowayExamples:Ihavesomuchworktodothataholidayformethisyearisoutofthequestion.Forthehomeless,privatemedicalcareissimplyoutofthequestion.C.F.:outofquestion:noproblemDontworry.Whatyouaskforissimplyoutofquestion.,windupwith,windupwith:endupwithExamples:Ifyoucarryonspendingsomuchmoney,youllsoonwindupwithnothingleft.Thecruelandstupidenemywoundupwithfailure.,Butbillsalways,Butbillsalwaysseemedtogetintheway.ButIhadtoworkinordertopaybills,whichpreventedmefromgoingtocollegeandgettingmyteachinglicense.,transfer,transfer:move(sb.)fromonelocationorjobtoanotherExamples:ThepatientwastransferredtoaspecialunitattheShanghaiHospital.JohnhasbeentransferredtotheheadquartersofthecompanyinBeijing.,closedown,closedown:(acompanyorinstitution)endbusinessExamples:Manyofthesmallerstoreshavecloseddownaftertheeconomiccrisis.Thefactorywascloseddownforsafetyreasons.,getintheway,getintheway:causeinconvenienceoranobstruction;preventonesprogressExamples:Ifyouarenotgoingtogiveahand,atleasedontgetintheway!Shewaseagertobeatalltheothercontestantsinthespeechcompetition;however,hersorethroatgotintheway.,badly,badly:verymuch,toagreatextentExamples:Johnwasbadlywoundedinthecaraccidentlastweek.Webadlywantedtohelp,buttherewasnothingwecoulddo.Idiom:bebadlyoffforsth.:beinneedofsth.,mopup,mopup:cleanwithamop,clothorsth.softExamples:Mikemoppedupthetablequicklywithhisnapkin.Canyoumopupthemilkyouvespilled?,talkover,talkover:discussindetailExamples:Youmaytalkoveranyworrieswithyourparentsandfriendsifyoulike.Letsgotoaquietplaceandtalkoverourprogram.,settle,settle:decideon;determineExamples:ItwassettledthatJoewouldvisitusontheweekend.Untilweknowthefullvalueofthepicture,wecantsettletheprice.,enroll1,enroll(sb.)(in/assth.):becomeormake(sb.)amember(ofsth.)Examples:Maryworkedinthedaytimeandenrolledineveningclasses.Weenrolledhimasamemberofthesociety.,enroll2,C.F.:register:formallyrecord(aname,anevent,asale,etc.)inalistExamples:Youmustregisteryournewcarwithinonemonth.TomregisteredattheHolidayInnyesterdayevening.WherecanIregisterfortheArabiccourse?(WherecanIenrollasastudentfortheArabiccourse?),stateteachinglicense,stateteachinglicense:MoststatesoftheUSrequirethatpeoplewhoapplyforateachingpostobtainateachinglicense.Forinstance,thestateofMinnesotarequiresthatpersonsapplyingforateachinglicensemustpassthePre-professionalSkillsTestsforreading,writing,andmathematics.,license,license:anofficialdocumentgivingpermissiontoownordosth.Examples:Thecollegestudentwasarrestedfordrivingwithoutalicense.Ifyoufailtorenewyourlicenseintime,youllbefined.,qualify,qualify:havetheabilityforanoffice,aposition,orataskExamples:FluencyinbothEnglishandJapanesequalifieshertoworkinthemultinationalcompany.At33,Mikequalifiedasalawyer.,scarce,scarce:hardtofindorrareExamples:Cheap,cleanhotelroomsarescarceinthiscity,especiallyinsummer.Waterisscarceinthedesert.,interview1,interview:(v.)askandanswerquestionstofindoutifyouwanttoacceptajob,etc.,ortofindoutifapersonisgoodenoughforajob,atask,etc.Examples:Themanagerhasinterviewed12candidatesforthejob.Theyoungmanwassonervouswhenhewasinterviewedthathecouldntmakeaclearself-introduction.,interview2,(n.)aformalmeetingatwhichsomeoneisaskedquestionsinordertofindoutwhetherhe/sheissuitableforajob,courseofstudy,etc.Examples:HehasaninterviewnextThursdayforajobatIBM.Asweallknow,noteverybodywhowritesincanbeinvitedforinterview.,principal1,principal:theheadofanelementaryschoolorahighschoolExamples:Atthefootofthehillliesasmallschoolwithjustthreeteachersandtheprincipal.DonaldKinghasworkedastheprincipalofDartmouthHighSchoolformorethan30years.,principal2,C.F.:principle:basicgeneraltruththatunderliessth.Examples:Discussingallthesedetailswillgetusnowhere;wemustgetbacktofirstprinciples.Wemuststicktotheprincipleofequalityofopportunityforall.,concrete1,concrete:(1)definite,positiveExamples:Wevegotageneralideaofwhatwewant,butnothingconcreteatthemoment.Nobodybelievedhim,sincehehadnoconcreteevidenceforhisstatement.,concrete2,(2)existinginmaterialform,thatcanbetouched,felt,etc.Examples:Themathteacherusedconcreteobjectstoteachpupilsadditionandsubtraction.Whattheyneedmostisconcretematerialratherthanabstracttheory.,contract,contract:legallybindingagreement,usu.inwritingExamples:Readthecontractcarefullybeforeyousignit.Thecompanywonacontracttobuild60planes.,.somethinghapperned,.somethinghappenedthatbroughtthepastrushback.somethinghappenedthatremindedmeofmypast.,grammatical,grammatical:of,aboutorinaccordancewiththerulesofgrammarExamples:Thesentenceisconsideredcorrectbecauseitobeysthegrammaticalrules.AnewtestwillbeconductedtoseewhetherstudentscanwritegrammaticalEnglish.,getthrough,getthrough:finish;completeExamples:Yourerequiredtogetthroughthefirsttwochaptersofthisbookbytheendofthismonth.Theygotthroughhalfoftheapplicationformsthisafternoon.JimandJoehavegotpilesofworktodothismorning.Theyprobablywontgetthroughbytwelveoclock.,confused,confused:beingunabletothinkclearlyoractwithunderstandingExamples:EverytimeItriedtoexplaintograndpahowtousethecomputer,hegotconfused.Imstillconfusedaboutyourprogram.Couldyouexplainitforme?,tearsrolled,.tearsrolleddownhercheeks.sheburstintotears.,UsefulExpressionsSummaryoftheTextSpotDictationBrainstormingTalkaboutthePicturesProverbsandQuotations,AfterReading-main,TextA,UsefulExpressions,UsefulExpressions1.1,1.严厉地瞪了某人一眼,fixsb.withaseverelook,2.把话都牢牢记在心里,carrywordsinonesheart,3.不久后,beforelong,4.勉强度日,getby,5.不可能的,outofthequestion,6.以为结果,windupwith.,7.关门；倒闭,closedown,8.阻碍；妨碍,getintheway,9.详细讨论,talkover,UsefulExpressions1.2,10.用拖把打扫,mopup,11.上课,attendclasses,12.助教,ateachingassistant,13.大学学位,collegedegree,14.教学资格证,teachinglicense,15.签合同,signacontract,16.让往事涌回某人的脑海,bringthepastrushingback,17.完成；到达,getthrough,18.（泪水）从某人的脸颊滚落下来,(tears)rolldownonescheeks,Thistexttellsusaninspiringstoryabouthowamiddle-agedhousewiferealizedherdreamofbecomingateacher.ItallwhenshewasanelementaryschoolstudentandmetMrs.Cooper,averygoodteacherwhowasalwaystheretosupportandher.Latershegotmarriedandhadkids,butshecouldnotforgetherofbeingateacherlikeMrs.Cooper.Soshewenttocollege.Aftersevenyearshardworkshefinallygotasateacher,ateacherwithloveandtoherstudents.,SummaryoftheText,SummaryoftheText,Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.,started,_,encourage,_,dream,_,qualified,_,attention,_,Researchconfirmstheinfluenceofencouragementbymeasurabledifferencesitcanmakeinalife.AstudybytheNationalInstituteofHealthandClinical