高考英语阅读复习方法

英语阅读复习方法漫谈,段秀珍,太谷中学,阅读理解的命题特点,一）文章长二）文章多为原文三）文章题材多样四）生词量增加,词汇量和阅读量,头脑风暴Brainstorm归纳法联想法多留心,多积累根据构词法:word-formation,突出一个“境”;突出一个“用”,1Thepostofficeissuedthestampslastweek.2.Haveyouseenthelatestissueofthemagazine?3.Hewastryingtousethispurereligiousissuefortakingpoliticaladvantage4.Theissueofthecontestisveryuncertain.5.Thepointatissueiswhetheryouarewillingtogoabroadornot.6.Hediedwithoutissue.,常见词缀,前缀(23个)ab-表示脱离，反常absentabnormalad-表示方向,变化,添加,运动advanceadhere附着adjectiveanti-反,防,抗anti-JapaneseAntarctic南极的bi-双，重bicyclebigamy重婚（罪）by-旁，副，非正式byname别名byproductbyroadco-共同，互相cooperationcomate同伴com-共同，互相，加强combinecompetecounter-反，逆，副counteraction反作用de-除去，否定，低下declass降低社会地位decolour脱色ex-出，除去，无，前任expeditionex-presidentfore-先，前forefather前人foretell预言sub-下，次，微subwaysuburbsemi-半semicircletri-三triangletricyclewith-表相反，向后withstand反抗withdraw后退表反义的il-im-in-ir-dis-un-mis-invisibleirregularunknowndisobeymisactover-表过度overchargeoverworkovertalkpost-表后post-positivepost-election,名词后缀(13个),-dom身份，界freedom,wisdom-ee-er或or表人employeerefugeerefereeactor-ess表女性hostessstewardess-ful表示充满basketfulhouseful-hood表性质,身份,时期girlhoodknighthood骑士身份-ship表身份,职位,资格ladyship贵夫人身份relationship-sion表行为，状态collisiontension-tion表行为,状态translationaction-ure表行为，状态pressureexposureseizure-ment表运动,结果equipmentmeasurementachievement-al表行为,结果refusalarrival,动词后缀(5个),-ate表示使，造成fascinate-en使变成,使可能sharpenbroadenenlarge-fy使成为modifyqualify-ish表示使，造成diminish变小-ize使化normalizerealize,形容词的后缀(17个),-able表示可能的movable-al表.的equalcentraleducationalindustrial-anrepublicanurban-antassistant-arymilitary-ativequalitative-edcoloredmoneyed-fulpowerfulpeaceful-iblesensibleaccessibleflexible-ish如的,略的childishbookish书生气的coldish-iveattractivecreative-lesshomelessceaseless-somequarrel-quarrelsometire-tiresomeworry-worrisome-lygodlyweeklyfriendly-ousprosperous-y多的如的有的cloudyhilly-icpoeticpessimisticrealistic,第一步读文章做理解题，不查单词.第二步划重点,查单词.第三步关注承上启下词及插入语.第四步说出文章大意,理解长句,难句.第五步出声朗读.,划一划查一查,精读的方法,理解记忆,Petownersarebeingencouragedtotaketheiranimalstowork,amovescientistssaycanbegoodforproductivity,work-placemorals,andthewellbeingforanimals.,A篇,TheUScustomsstationinthisareaisclosedonSundays,sohejustdrovearoundthelockedgate,ashehaddoneeveryweekendsincethegateappearedlastMay,followingatighteningofbordersecurity.,B篇,阅读方法,1.顺读法2.逆读法3.浏览+寻读4.首句+边读问题,边读文章,解题方法,1.弄清4个选项之间的区别.2.注意开头结尾.3.不同类型的文章采用不同的解题方法.4.提高阅读速度，善于抓关键词、关键句.5.不要以自己的思想和观点代替作者的思想和观点.6.不同的题型采用不同的对策.,猜测词义型,常见的设题方式有:1.Theword_couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_.3.By_thewritermeans_.4.Inthe_paragraph,theword_means(refersto)_.5.Theunderlinedword_isclosestinmeaningto_.,方法1：定义，解释法,信息词：means,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,ly;inotherwords;thatmeanseg.Theysurrendered,thatis,threwouttheirweaponsandwalkedoutwiththeirhandsabovetheirheads.,方法2：同义关系,信息词：and;notonlybutalso;besides;similarly;likewise;inthesamewayeg.Ourunclewasaroamer,anwandererwhonevercouldstayoneplace.,方法3：反义关系,信息词:another,but,however,instead,like,though/although,still,while,ontheotherhandeg.JanewastalkingwithotherswhileTomremainedreticentallthetime.,方法4：逻辑关系-如对比，转折，因果，让步等,eg.Heisgenerous,thoughheisnotrich.,其他方法：如构词法,举例,标点（冒号，破折号）等,Thecaptainscourage,perseverance,andpowerfulwillmasteredeverymanonboard,andwewenttoworkagain.,事实细节型,常见的设题方式有:1.Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/mentioned?2.Whatdoesthewriterpayleastattentionto?3.Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept_?4.Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgivenisthepassage.5.Whichofthefollowingmaps/diagramsgivestherightpositionof./relationshipof?6.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof?7.Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureof?,事实细节型,1.注意词语和句型上的转换2.注意理解复杂冗长的句子,主旨大意题,常见的设题方式有:1.Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat_.2.Thepassageismainlyabout_.3.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis_.4.Thetopic/subjectdiscussedinthispassageis_.5.Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat_.6.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith_.7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?8.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?,略读的技巧：,快速移动眼睛，不停顿或复视注意力集中在关键词上.即：实词上如名词，形容词，数词，动词，和副词等介词，冠词，连接词，语气词，代词以及助动词和情态动词都不是关键词按意群进行阅读如短语，词组,主要成分等遇到生词尽量猜，猜不出，跳过去筛选出能表达作者意图的关键词及其概念，重新在头脑中加工整理，以确定作者在文章中反映的真正意图,推理判断题,常见的提问形式:1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat_.2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?3.Inwhichofthefollowingpublicationswouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?4.Thepassageimplies,butdoesntdirectlystatethat_.5.Thewritesuggeststhat_.6.Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat_.7.Whatistheauthorsattitudetoward_.,解题方法:,1.抓特定信息进行推理2.整合全文（段）信息进行推断3.利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断4.根据文章的结论推断作者的态度5.根据上下文的逻辑得出结论,eg.Whyisntyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder，bribery（行贿），anddeathFrankly，ImsickofallthisbadnewsThisauthorsattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_AcomplainBapologizeCamuseDinform,eg.WeareinthecomputerageWeoftenseecomputersatworkTheyareespeciallyusefulinautomaticcontrol，dataprocessing（数据处理）andsolvingcomplicatedproblemsAndtheyarefindingtheirwayintothehomeThepartplayedbycomputersisbecomingevenmoreimportantwitheachpassingdayMoreandcleverercomputerswillcontinuetoappearTheywillrunfaster，havemorefunctionsandworkmuchmoreskillfullyTheywilltakeovermoretasksfromus，helpingtochangethefaceofourworldSomepeopleeventhinkthatsoonerorlatercomputerswillreplaceusHoweverWhichofthefollowingstatementswillbestcontinuethethirdparagraph？AComputerswillsoonstopdevelopingBManypeoplelikecomputersverymuchCComputersareascleverasmanDIdonotthinkcomputerswillreplaceuscompletely,eg.WeareinthecomputerageWeoftenseecomputersatworkTheyareespeciallyusefulin