1. Deixis指示语.ppt

如果说是A:小狗，就说是这只糖B:小狗A:小狗。B:我说你是小狗。A:你说“我是小狗”！ B:啊？ 是小狗吗？Deixis，Pragmaticschapter1，1.1 deixis 1.2 categoriesofdeixis 1.3 deiccenteranddiscticprojection 1.4 ddifferentersusesofedica 1.1 deixis deixis -指示，指示(Greek ) deicticsdicticworddediticexpresssyehoshuabar-hillel 1954， originoftheterm : deixisistshefirstareaofstudyinlinguisticpragmaticsthasaughttheattheattentionofscholars.in 1954 theisraeliphi lewroteanarticle indexicalexpresses .sincethenthestudyofindexicals，ordeictics hasalwaysbeeneofthecentraltopicsinpragma deixis : thearrelitestreatertrorfirststuyareaofpragmaatics.scinsitidditrectlyconcernstcherelationshipbetweenlanguagestructu ed .deixisbelongswithinthedomainofpragmaatics，becauseitdirectlyconcernstcherelationshipbetweenthestructureonguagesandthescont、deixisreferrstowordsandphrasesthatcannotbefullyunderstoodwithodditionlcontextualinformation .(1) illbebackinanhour.-levinso listen imnotdisgreingwithyoubutwithyou， andnotabouthisbutaboutthis.(3) meetmeherweekfromnowwithastickabuthisbig.(4) arriving at 1133363030 am tomorrow .deicticexpression (indexicalexpressions ) pronunsdemonstratvessomeversofmormoversofthofsofprapplationthisconneorsalllindofsiticdivecontingvariouskindsofsofs format 、johnnlovesme.me : dedictiosertiontheprossupportethentence : deictioninfondedictionenthementioningscannotbecapturedbytrut tics，andtheirinternerprintitionmustdependannalysionfthetottetteranceinwhicheyoccur .Examplesofnon-deicticuse， jackisastudents.checkomesfrombritain.(anaphora次指-cataphora后指) adeicwordeticwordoesnotneedanyantecedent.itcontintritintroduceranewrefentinthediscoursesituation butnotinthetextorco-text.yo nenowaays.(every one ) therehwego.(idiomatic expression ) ididthisandthat.(idiomatic expression )、Examplesofdeicticuse、Canyouhearme You，youandyoucomehere，andyougothere .1.2Categoriesofdeixis，classfictionofdediixis : persondeixisplacedeiistimeisdis 1971，persondeixis，第一个，第二个thirdpersonandstherirrepessectivevariations : vocative :个人名称，titles，kinship te formsforoccupationsdemoratves : this that (whenreferringtoaperson )、prammicationmeaningofpersondeixis、Inclusive-weus， thebearersofcivilizationandallitsvirtuals .“this”versus“that”，thespeakerayuse“this”格式mommobyemommitallyclosertohim，someb andthatformommobyemommitallydistant sombodyhedislikes.ihopeshedoesntbringthathubandofhers.hes awful，thatMichael .thi “is this/that XXX”quirk et al (p.1481 ) remarks， “perhapsbecauseofheunfavorablevaluesassocatedwithat thereissomedeneytoaddresstheunseenearer e.g.onthelephone with the question.itmaybethatthetrulypragmaticbasisofspatialdeixisisactulypsychologicaldistance.periallyclosvectswilltendtobet chologicallyc lose.Also，somethingthathysicallydistantwillgenerallybetreatedaspsychologicallydistant . however .“id ontlikethat”. aspeakermayalsowishomarksomthingthatisphysicallyclose，eg，aperfumebeingsniffdbythespeakeraspsycholo instead itisinvestdwithmaninnentinnecontitinginextbyaspeaker.psychologicalprocessemtobeatworkinourdistinctionsbet pressions.(地理空间12 )、 themanipultionofdediixisinpoliticaltext thepronunsolitisiansusinthireseperecheresearewarendingbecusitemakeasioncontttotheverall ersonalreferenceesa politiciancanemployinaspecificiccontext 3360 todayiintendtoreducetaxesby 10 %.(firstpersonsingularI) todayweintendtoraisetaxesbyamere.(firstpersonpluralwe) the president/governmentmustrainsaxesforthelongtermgoodofthenations conomy.(refrrningothepositioninstitution ) todayithasbeenfoundnecessrytoraisetaxesby 20 % .人家没说你，可是 为什么不那么生气？ (周流溪，2001:298 ) thereislatentpragmaticimplicitionof“dis proval”or“dis satisfaction”，Time/临时媒体ixis timedeixismanilyperformedbytimeadverbialslikenow，then，today，tomorrow，week， month andtensemarkeroftheverb.thereeferenteoffthedhediticesspretendsonthesspeechsituation， itisdecidedbypointofreference(参照点) Termsliketoday tomorrow，yesterdayarisaidtobere-emptyi，inthesensethatwhentheyareapplicab tuesday， tuesdayillnotused.on Tuesday onewoldnotusuallysay : iwenttowastmonay.(yesterday ) iamoingtowntuesday.(today ) iwillgotown tenseasonoftimedeixis Nowadays，linguistsmakeadistinctionbetween“时间”和“tense”timeisauniversalconcept， whicheverylanguageiscapableofmressing while“tense”(verformthatshowtime )、isalinguisticconcept， whichvaresfromlangagetolanguage.2 tensesinglish : pastandnon-past，place/spatial deixis typcalplacedeixisareplaceadverbsher out(side )，up(stairs )，down(stairs )，nearby，faraway，opposite， behind etc.whicspecifyollocationretivetheplapplaceopoptimaticcenter.itallsoincludesverswithdirection : come，go，take，bring theinterprentationofproplacedisismustdependoncontext.theprostonthebanketheminningdendsonthesperspective.to beale we can say : rleft )、Discourse/textualdeixis、Discoursedeixis、 ortextdeixis missimartowhatisdiscussedunderthenameofcohesionbym.a.k.Halliday.generar illy3types : a.conminedwithtimedeixi following helastparagraph，inthenextchapter，theformer，thelatteretc .Discoursedeixis，b.connitedwithplacedeixis especilysis th