高级英语第一册第九课.ppt

Lesson9MarkTwain-MirrorofAmericabyNoelGrove制作人：赵霞,MarkTwain(1835-1910),BackgroundInformation,MarkTwainIntroductionofhismajorworksTheGildedAgeandTheGoldRush,Abouttheauthor,SamuelLanghorneClemens(November30,1835April21,1910),betterknownbythepennameMarkTwain,wasanAmericanhumorist,satirist,writer,andlecturer.TwainismostnotedforhisnovelsAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnandTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.ClemenswasawellknownauthorintheUnitedStates,apopularcomedianandmonologist,andfriendtopresidents,artists,leadingindustrialists,andEuropeanroyalty.MarkTwainsAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnhasbeencalledaGreatAmericanNovel.Heenjoyedimmensepublicpopularityandhiskeenwitandincisivesatireearnedhimpraisefrombothcriticsandpeers.AmericanauthorWilliamFaulknercalledTwainthefatherofAmericanliterature.”,IntroductionofhismajorworksMarkTwainwrotenovelsprincipally,healsowroteshortstories,speeches,andnon-fictionsTheGildedAge(1873),TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876),ThePrinceandthePauper(1881),AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884),AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthursCourt(1889)TheTragedyofPuddnheadWilson(1894),Healsowrotesomeautobiographicalworks,includingTheInnocentsAbroad(1869),ATrampAbroad(1880),LifeontheMississippi(1883),MarkTwainsAutobiography.,TheGildedAgeandTheGoldRushTheGildedAge(1873),whichfollowedRoughingIt,wasTwainsfirstnovel.HewroteitwithhisfriendandfellowHartfordwriter,CharlesDudleyWarner.ThetitlereferstothedecadesfollowingtheCivilWar.Thisbooksatirizestheselfishnessandmoney-makingschemesthatwerecommonduringthattime.,Whatisthechiefendofman?-togetrich.Inwhatway?-dishonestlyifwecan;honestlyifwemust.-MarkTwain-1871,ThesagaofAmericanwealthcreation,bothforthenationandforitsenterprisingcapitalists,reacheditspeakduringtheGildedAge,aperiodroughlydelimitedbytheendofCivilWarandthebeginningofWorldWarI.InAmerica,thisperiodwascharacterizedbyseeminglyboundlesseconomicexpansionandtheemergenceofanewnation,whichhadcompletedtheconquestofitsvastWesternterritoriesandtakentheleadamongothernations,inindustryandtrade.,DuringtheGildedAge,everymanwasapotentialAndrewCarnegie,andAmericanswhoachievedwealthcelebrateditasneverbefore.InNewYork,theopera,thetheatre,andlavishpartiesconsumedtherulingclassleisurehours.Whiletherichworediamonds,manyworerags.RuralAmericansandnewimmigrantscrowdedintourbanareas.Tenementsspreadacrosscitylandscapes,teemingwithcrimeandfilth.Americanshadsewingmachines,phonographs,skyscrapers,andevenelectriclights,yetmostpeoplelaboredintheshadowofpoverty.,LifeontheMississippi(1883),LifeontheMississippi(1883)describesthehistory,sights,people,andlegendsofthesteamboatsandtownsoftheMississippiRiverregion.Inthemostvividpassages,chapters4through17,Twainrecalledhisownpilotingdays.ThesechaptershadoriginallybeenpublishedintheAtlanticMonthlyin1875asOldTimesontheMississippi.,TheCaliforniaGoldRush(1848to1859),TheGoldRushwasoneofthemostsignificanteventsinCaliforniahistory.ItbroughtpeoplefromallovertheUnitedStatesandtheworldinsearchforgold.,FollowingthediscoveryofgoldinCaliforniain1848,theworldrushedin.EagergoldseekersheadedsouthfromOregon;northfromMexico,Chile,andPeru;eastfromChinaandtheislandsofthePacific;andwestfromeverystateintheunionandcountriesthroughoutEurope.Thisrichnessofintersectingfrontiersproducedthemostethnicallydiverseregioninthenation,Structureofthetext,Part1:(par.1)AgeneralintroductionofMarkTwainPart2:(par.2-20)MarkTwainsmainexperiencesandworksPart3:(par.21-22)Marktwainsdisappointmentinhumanlifeinlateryears,DetailedStudyofthetextPart1:(Para.1),Part1:(par.1)AgeneralintroductionofMarkTwainIntroductionThefirstparagraphservesasanintroductionofthewholetext.ItprovidesangeneralappraisalofMarkTwain,thefatherofHackandTom,thenationsbest-lovedauthor,andthegoodnewsandbadnews.Theauthoradoptedsomerhetoricaldevicestoillustratethepicture,andalsosomeveryemphaticadjectives,adverbs,suchaseternal,endless,everybit,profound,etc.Thefirstparagraphishighlyconclusive.,Questions:,1.Identifyandexplainthemetaphorinthefirstsentence.2.Whatistheimplicationofthetwoadjectiveseternalandendless?3.WhywasTwainsaidtobeadventurous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorous?4.WhatdidtheauthormeanbyIfoundanotherTwain.?5.Identifyandexplainthemetaphorinthelastsentence.,WordsandExpressions,cruise:Acruiseisaholidayduringwhichyoutravelonashipandvisitlotsofplaces.Whenitisusedasaverb,itmeanstomoveataconstantspeedthatiscomfortableandunhurried.Hewasonaworldcruise.cruisemissile:amissilewhichcarriesanuclearwarheadandwhichisguidedbyacomputerasitflies.Itcanbelaunchedfromtheland,seaorair.TheyspendthesummercruisingintheGreekislands.ThetaxicruisedoffdowntheChanganAvenue.,cruiser:alargefastwarship.cf:aircraftcarrier,helicoptercarrier,battleship,flagship,destroyer,speedboat,torpedoboat,etc.,everybitas:infml,justas,quiteas,Heiseverybitascleverasyouare.Imeverybitassorryaboutitasyou.Cynic:memberofaschoolofancientGreekphilosophythatdespisedeaseandcomfortacynicalremark,attitude,smileTheyvegrownrathercynicalaboutdemocracy,ienolongerbelievethatitisanhonestsystem.,obsess:fillthemindcontinuously,AmE,toworrycontinuouslyandunnecessarily.Ifsthobsessesyouorifyouareobsessedwithitorbyit,youkeepthinkingaboutitoveralongperiodoftime,andfinditdifficulttothinkaboutanythingelse.,Hebecameabsolutelyobsessedwithagirlreporterontelevision.Sheisobsessedbythedesiretobecomeagreatscientist.cf:preoccupy:tofillthethoughtsorholdtheinterestofsb.almostcompletely,esp.sothatnotenoughattentionisgiventoother(present)matters.,Paraphrase,MirrorofAmerica:Metaphor.Amirrorreflectsorrevealsthetruthofsomethingorsomebody.MostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefather.Father:metaphor.Endless:hyperbole.Thewholesentence:parallelism.MarkTwainisfamoustomostAmericansasthecreatorofHackFinnandTomSawyer.Hackssailing/voyage/journey/travelontheriverwassopleasant,lighthearted,carefree,simpleandpeacefulthatitmadehisboyhoodseemtobeinfinite,whileTomsindependentmindandhisexcitinganddangerousactivitiesmadethesummerseemeverlasting.,FiguresofSpeech,MetaphorMirrorofAmericaMostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefather.UnderstatementParallelism(at/indoingsth)Shesadeptatgrowingroses.Hesanadeptincarpentry.adaptsth(forsth)makesthsuitableforanewuse,situation,etc;modifysthThismachinehasbeenspeciallyadaptedforuseunderwater.ThisnovelhasbeenadaptedforTVfromtheRussianoriginal.Oureyesslowlyadaptedtothedark.,Paraphrase,.withthelanguagethathesoakedupwith.Heabsorbedanddigestedthecolourfullanguagewithanastonishinggoodmemorywhichseemedtobeabletorecordthingslikeaphonographic(gramophone).,maincurrentofpioneeringhumanity:metaphor,peoplewithpioneeringspiritwhoformsthemajority,themainpartofthemwerepeoplewithdevotion/dedicationtoopenupnewareasandpreparewaysforothers.,FiguresofSpeech,Metaphorsawclearlyaheadablackwallofnight.mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnationsheartthevastbasindrainedthree-quartersofthesettledUnitedStatesAllwouldresurfaceinhisbooks.thathesoakedup.Steamboatdecksteemed.maincurrentof.butitsflotsamWhenrailroadsbegandryingupthedemand.theepidemicofgoldandsilverfever.,Simile:.amemorythatseemedphonographicPersonification:.toliteraturesenduringgratitude.anentrythatwilldeterminehiscourseforever.thegraveworldsmilesasusual.,Antithesis:.betweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare.tookunholyverbalshotsattheHolyLand.Alliteration:.theslow,sleepy,sluggish-brainedslothsstayedathome,DetailedStudyofthetext,Part3:(par.21-22)Marktwainsdisappointmentinhumanlifeinlateryears,Questions1.WhatareTwainspersonaltragedies?2.Howmightthesetragediesinfluencehispersonalityandwriting?3.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?4.Identifythefiguresusedin“theyvanishhadexisted”.,WordsandExpressions,feedonsth:benourishedorstrengthenedbysthHatredfeedsonenvy.pad:toprotectormakesthmorecomfortablebycoveringorfillingwithsoftmaterialajacketwithpaddedshouldersHepaddedtheseatofthechairwithsomefoamedplastics.n.anythingmadeorfilledwithasoftmaterialusedtoprotectsth.ormakeitmorecomfortable,ortofilloutashapeGetapadtosit/lieon.Thefootballplayerworeapadonhisknee.ashoulderpadawritingpad,Nowtheglovescameoffwithbitingsatire.glove/mittentheglovesareoff:sbisreadyforafight(be)handinglove:workingincloseassociationHewasfoundtobehandinglovewiththeenemy.anironfist/handinavelvetglove:anappearanceofgentlenessconcealingseverity,determination,etcIfyoudescribesb.ashavinganironfistinavelvetglove,youmeanthattheyhideafirmanddeterminedpersonalitybehindagentleandquietmanner.,glovepuppet:kindofpuppetwornonthehandandworkedbythefingersbite:a.cutintowiththeteethThatdogjustbitmeintheleg.Stopbitingyournails!badlybittenbymosquitoes/asnakeOncebitten,twiceshy.Itriedtosellhimmyoldcar,buthewouldntbite,iehe,b.criticizesbangrily(andoftenunfairly)Iwasonlyfiveminuteslatebutshereallybitmyheadoff.biting:causingasmartingpainabitingwind(ofremarks)sharplycritical;cuttingbitingsarcasmsatire:Satireisridiculeorironyorsarcasmthatisused,esp.inplaysandnovels,toshowhowfoolishorwickedsomepeoplesbehaviourorideasare.NowMarkTwainthrewawaythepretendedsoftnessandgentlenessheusedtoadoptandbecameverycandid,frank,outspoken,ruthless,merciless,bitterandsarcastic.,vanish:todisappear,gooutofsight,ceasetoexistVanishimpliesacomplete,oftenmysterious,andusuallysuddenpassing.ItcommonlysuggestsabsenceofalltraceorofanyclueThethinmysteriouswomanpassengervanished.The