《宾语补足语》

2010高考英语语法专题复习系列课件,33宾语补足语,Whatisobjectcomplement,anyway?,宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语,如:Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.WecallherJenny.Theyfoundhimout.Makeyourselfathome.Theywishyoutogowiththem.,宾语补足语是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，多由名词、形容词、副词、不定式，动名词和分词充当。,宾语补足语用法:能带宾语补足语的动词一定是及物动词。有以下几类：1感觉动词，如：see,hear,feel,smell,watch,notice等，这类词所接的宾语补足语可以是-ing形式，也可以是动词原形。如：Heheardadistantvoiceshouting.IcouldsmellChinesevegetablescooking.Didyouseeacarbeingdrivenaway?,2含使动意义的动词，如：let,have,get,make,wouldlike,want这类词所接的宾语补足语多为动词原形或过去分词。如：Wehavejusthadthehouserepaired.Youmustgetthecarrepaired.Atmyschooltheydontmakeuswearschooluniform.Theyletuswearwhateverwelike.IwanttheworkfinishedbyJanuary1st.,3含命名意义的动词，如：call,name,appoint,elect,make,consider等。这类词所接的宾语补足语一般是名词。如：CallmeJoe,please.Shewaselectedthepresidentofthecompany.这类结构和双宾语的结构有形似之处，要注意区别。如：Theyhavemademethechairman.(宾补)Theyhavemademeanicechair.(直接宾语),4结构中的动词，所接的宾语补足一般是不定式。常见的动词很多，如：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,force,get,help,inspire,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,teach,tell,train,want,warn,wish等。Theyaskedmetotellyouhowmuchweappreciatedyourhelp.Helpmemovethedesk,willyou?,5等几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、现在分词、过去分词等。如：Wefounditverydifficulttosolvetheproblem.Howcanyoukeepthemwaitingforsolong?SuddenlyIfoundmywalletstolen.Keepthedoorclosed.(Seetextbookandworkbook：P46,86,87),drivesb.crazy/mad/wildgetitclean/dirty/wet/open/shutfinditdifficult/easyholditopen/stillkeepitcool/fresh/shutleaveitclean/dirty/open/shutpaintitbrown/redpreferitfried,Keeptheseinheart,常见的宾补形式,1.名词做宾补Shefoundhimaverycleverboy.TheynamedthechildJimmy.Mymotherlookssoyoungthatwewouldthinkhermysister.【注意】用作宾语补足语的名词表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称谓时，其前不能用冠词。例如：,JohnwaselectedChairmanofthestudentsunion.In1864LincolnwasmadePresidentoftheUnitedStatesforthesecondtime.Thequeenmadehimofficeroftheguard,2.形容词做宾补Hehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasslivelyandinteresting.Ifoundthemovieveryinteresting.Wefounditimportantforchildrentofollowthetablerules.Johnwearshishairverylong.Shehasherhandsblack.,3.副词做宾补LastSundayIsawyououtwithyoursister.Haveyourshoeson.Whenyouhavefinishedyourexperiment,pleasetidythelabandputeverythingbackinthecupboards.Ifollowedhimin.,4.介词短语做宾补Tohersurprise,shefoundherselfinadifferentworld.Ifoundeverythingingoodcondition.Wethoughtthematerialofgreatimportance.Theyacknowledgedhimastheirchief.,5.动词ing形式作宾补,在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感观动词后可以用-ing形式（即现在分词）做宾语补足语。这时-ing形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且-ing形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。,Hesawagirlgettingonthetractor.(=Hesawagirlandthegirlwasgettingonthetractor.)Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?,注：动名词作宾语补足语的情况极为少见，略讲。,现在分词做宾语补足语，如：Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Hetriedtostarttheenginerunning.Thewordsimmediatelysetusalllaughing.注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。,现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：Hesawanoldmangettingonthebus.Anoldmanwasgettingonthebus.IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.Idontwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.以上句子可以变为被动结构，这时，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，与谓语一起称为“复合谓语”，如：Wewerekeptwaitingforquitealongtime.Shewasneverheardsingingthatsongagain.Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.,有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语补足语，又可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，有些动词只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，这些动词是：catch,keep,mind,prevent,remember,stop,start,smell,excuse,spy,send等，例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Wedbetterkeepthefireburning.Idontmindyoujoking.Ilikeit.Theheavyrainpreventeduscominghereontime.Idontrememberhimeversayinganythinglikethat.Wemusttrytostopthemgettingintotrouble.Hiswordsstartedmethinkingseriously.Canyousmellsomethingburning?Theearthquakesentthechinaandglasscrashingtotheground.,6.动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。,Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback她回来时发现有人破门而人。Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。,动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。,1.Imustgetmybikerepaired我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语)2.Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语),(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。,Wethoughtthegamelost我们认为球赛输了。,Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofothers.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind她觉得心里轻松了些。Theyconsideredthemattersettled他们认为这问题解决了。,(2)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth我每个月理一次发。Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood他正努力使别人听懂自己。,(请人)把某事做完。Shehadherhouserepaired她请人把屋子修好了。Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?你在哪儿理的发?,“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：,参遭遇某种意外情况。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。,完成某事(自己也可能参与)。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。Hehashadonethousandyuansavedthisyear他今年已存了1000元。,(3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want,wish,expect,order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。Hewontlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。,ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在后面。,Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。,分词作宾语补足语,共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。,区别,1.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman_inbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作宾补,补充说明宾语theman;再根据宾语theman对于动词lie来说应是主动关系,而且,lie这个动作与谓语动词found同时进行。因此,该题应选A。2.-Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?-Idliketohavethepackage_,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作宾补,补充说明宾语thepackage;再根据thepackage对于动词weigh来说,只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。,3.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.sailingC.tosailD.tohavesailed简析:该题应选B。测试动词imagine后要求跟动名词,Peter是动名词的逻辑主语。4.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair_againstyourface.A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomove简析:该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。,7.动词不定式作宾语补足语,1后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,order,teach,tell,want,wish,help等。TheteachertoldustodoExercise1.老师要我们做练习一。Iwantbothofyoutogo.我要你们俩去。Wehelpedher(to)repairherbike.我们帮助她修理自行车。,动词不定式作宾语补足语,2使役动词let,have,make及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。Letshavearest.我们休息一会吧。Isawhimcomein.我看见他进来了。感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。Isawhimcomedownstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）Isawhimcomingdownstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）,注意,动词不定式作宾语补足语,TheteachertoldustodoExercise1.老师要我们做练习一。Iwantbothofyoutogo.我要你们俩去。Wehelpedher(to)repairherbike.我们帮助她修理自行车。,Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.,非谓语动词作宾语补足语用法小结英语中有些动词如have,make,ask,hear,leave,feel,catch.send等，常带有复合宾语，这样意思才相对完整。宾语补足语常用动词不定式、分词来表示，学生对此不易掌握。现就该问题作一小结，以供参考。一、后面用不定式作宾语补足语的动词1.在allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不能省略不定式符号to。例如：Iadviseyoutolistentoourteacherslecturesattentivelyatschool.我建议你在学校里要仔细听老师讲课。2)Theheadmasterwarnedthechildrentokeepoffthegarden.校长警告孩子们勿踏花园。,2.在have,make,let等使役动词和see,hear,watch,notice,feel等感官动词后面作宾补的不定式须省略不定符号to。例如：3)Theteacherdoesntmakehisstudentsdohomeworkatschool.4)Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoorthreetimes.注：上面第2类句式变为被动语态时，不定式符号to不能省略。如句4)变为被动语态应为：Someonewasheardtoknockatthedoorthreetimes.另外，help后常用宾语+(to)do的形式(美国用法常省去to)。例如：Hehelpedme(to)lookaftermychild.,二、后面用分词作宾语补足语的动词1.在feel,find,get,have,hear,keep,see,send,watch等动词后面可用现在分词作宾补。例如：5)Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefireburningallnight.天很冷，他们让火燃了个通宵。6)Ihadmycarwaitingoutside.我让汽车在外面等候。2.在find,get,have,leave,keep,see等动词后可用过去分词作宾补。例如：7)Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimselfheard.发言人提高嗓音但还是不能让别人听见他的话。8)Youshouldhaveleftthedoorlocked.你该把门锁上。,三、分词、不定式作宾补在意义上的区别现在分词作宾补，宾语在逻辑上是分词表示的动作的执行者；过去分词作宾补，宾语在逻辑上是分词表示的动作的承受者；省略了to的不定式作宾补只是表示一个事实，说明动作的全过程；带to的不定式作宾补往往表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之后。试比较：Iheardagirlsingingupstairs.(表示一个主动、进行的动作)我听见一个女孩正在楼上唱歌。Iheardthesongsung.(表示一个被动、完成的动作)我听见有人唱过这首歌。Iheardagirlsingupstairs.(强调唱歌的事实)我听到一个女孩在楼上唱歌。Illgetsomeonetorepairtherecorderforyou.(不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之后。)我要叫人帮你修理录音机。,结构：主+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语Ifounditpleasanttobewithyourfamily.Wethinkitoutdutythatweshouldhelpthepoor.,8.注意:it做形式宾语,9.with+宾语+宾补,Helikessleepingwiththewindowsopen/closed.,Helikessleepingwiththelightson.,Withsomanypeopleworking,thefamilyhasalargeincome.,WithTomtohelpme,Icanfinishthetaskintime.,Themurdererwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehind.,Theteachercamein,withabookinhishand.,1)孩子们堆了个雪人，手都冻红了。Theboysmadeasnowman,_.,withhandsredwithcold,2)他光穿着一件衬衣在那里干活。Hewasworkingthere_.,withonlyashirton,3)有那位老人带路，他们毫不费力就找到了我的家。_,theyhadnodifficultyinfindingmyhouse.,Withtheoldmanleadingthem,5)那位怀抱婴儿的妇女是汤姆的母亲。Thewoman_isTomsmother.,withababyinherarms,6)头上没戴帽子的男孩是我弟弟。Theboy_ismybrother.,withoutahatonhishead,4)这事一解决我们就回家了。,_,wewenthome.,Withthemattersettled,1.凶手被带进来了，手背绑着。,Themurdererwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehind.,2.那小孩独自坐在那儿，双眼紧闭。,Thechildsattherewithhiseyesclosed.,3.灯还亮着，屋里一定有人。,Withthelighton,theremustbepersonsintheroom.,4.一丝不挂的那个人是个傻子。,Themanwithnothingonisafool.,1.就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树.,动词+宾语+宾语补足语（过去分词）,2.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音.,3.我明天去剪头发.,Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedjustthen.,Wecanhearthewindowsbeatenbytheheavyraindrops.,Iwillhavemyhaircuttomorrow.,find+名词+n./adj./doing/done/adv./tobe/介词短语,动词+宾语+宾语补足语,1.Canyoufindmeabook?,2.IfindRussiangrammarverydifficult.,3.Ifyouarefoundplayinggamesatwork,youwillbedismissed.,4.Ifoundhimathome.,动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/tobe/介词短语),1)_pooratEnglish,ImafraidIcantmakemyself_.A.Tobe;understandB.Im;tounderstandC.Being;understandingD.Being;understood,动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/tobe/介词短语),2)Ihavehadmybike_,andImgoingtohavesomebody_myradiotomorrow.A.repair;torepairB.repairing;torepairedC.repaired;repairD.torepaired;repairing,动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/tobe/介词短语),3)Youmustgetthework_beforeFriday.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done,4)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_wentwrongagainA.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired,动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/tobe/介词短语),动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/tobe/介词短语),5)_theroom,thenursefoundthetape-recorder_.A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;goneC.Tohaveentered;beingstolenD.Havingentered;tobestolen,动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/tobe/介词短语),6)Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem_soquickly.A.settledB.havingbeensettledC.besettledD.settling,1.Ifelt_necessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.A.MeB.oneC.thatD.it2.Doyouconsideritanygood_again?A.TriedB.tryC.tryingD.Tried3.Weallthoughtitapity_youcouldntjoinus.A.IfB.whetherC.whyD.that,It用法练一练,1.Theteacheraskedtheboys_makesomuchnoise.A.dontB.notC.willnotD.notto2.-Theresaholeinyourbag.-Iknow,Imgoingtohaveit_.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Whodoyouoftenhave_theworkforyou?A.todoB.doC.doneD.doin4.Johnwaslastseen_neartheriver.A.tobeplayingB.playC.toplayD.playing5.Hemanagedtomakehimself_withhis_English.A.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenC.understood;breakingD.understood;broken6.TheyelectedJohn_ofthecommittee.A.achairmanB.chairmenC.thechairmanD.chairman,7.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun8.Wefoundmanyoldpeople_atthebackofthehouse,smokingandtalking.A.satB.sitC.seatD.seated9.ThoughIcantmakethemodelship_faster,themodelplanecanbemade_higherbyanyofthe