妇产科学绪论.ppt

妇产科学ObstetricsandGynecology,大连医科大学第二临床学院妇产科学教研室姜晓晶教授PhoneObstetricsandGynecologyrelatesmedicine,surgeryandpediatrics.anditisimportantsubjectwhichhaswideinformation,第一章绪论Chapteroneintroduction,History,Obstetricsandgynecologyweremarkedbytechnical,intellectual,andsocialinnovationintheearlymodernperiod.Whilefemalemidwivescontinuedtodeliveralmostallbabies,bothmaleandfemalewriterssoughttoimproveobstetricalpractice,andanatomistsstrovetounderstandtheworkingsofthehumanbody,includingthefemalesexualandreproductivesystems.Althoughhistoriansargueabouttheactualextentofmaternalmortality,itisclearfromsourcesthatwomenfearedlosingtheirlivesinchildbirthandthatmostwomenknewpersonallyanotherwomanwhodiedinchildbirthorshortlythereafter.Similarly,whilethefullextentofneonataldeathinearlymodernEuropewillremainunknown,itisclearthatbirthwasfarmorehazardousforbabiesthanfortheirmothers.,Obstetricsandgynecologyweregroundedinclassicalandmedievalprecedent.ThefirstEuropeanvernacularworkonobstetrics,EuchariusRoeslinsRosegarten,waspublishedinGermanin1513andwasreprintedatleastanothertwenty-fourtimesupto1608.Addressedtomidwivesandmarriedwomen,itdescribesthemechanicsoflaboranddelivery,careofthenewborn,andcommoncomplaintsinpregnancy.RoeslinssontranslatedtheworkintoLatin,andthebooksubsequentlybecameaEuropeanbest-seller,translatedintoFrench,Dutch,Spanish,Danish,English,andCzechandrepublishedintotheeighteenthcentury.,AlthoughRoeslinsworkproclaimeditselftobeforapopularorlayaudience,itowedmuchtolearnedauthorities.Scholarshipsuggeststhattheworkwasnotoriginallywrittenformidwivesbutformedicalmen.Inhispreface,RoeslindescribeshowGalen(129c.199C.E.),Rhazes(Rz,c.865between923and935),Avicenna(IbnSn,9801037),andAverros(IbnRushd,11261198)struggledtounderstandthehumanbody,andthenplaceshisownworkwithinthislearnedmasculinelineage.Muchofthebook,includingtheillustrations,ultimatelyderivesfromclassicalantiquity,specificallyfromGynecologybySoranus(c.100C.E.).,IndeedsomehistorianshavearguedthatcontemporarymidwiferypracticewasmoresophisticatedthanRoeslinsclassicallybasedtextmightsuggest.Roeslinafterallwasworkingfromtexts,notfromexperiencedeliveringhealthybabies,andhisprefacesuggestsascornforthemanualknowledgeandskillmidwivespossessed.,18世纪末剖腹取胎术1978年第一个试管婴儿路易布朗的诞生，产前诊断、胎儿宫内治疗1940年巴巴尼古拉的阴道宫颈细胞学检测90年代的TBS系统，CCT（计算机辅助细胞检测），Thinprep细胞涂片，肿瘤综合治疗、肿瘤疫苗研究1909年第一枚蚕肠线IUD含铜、含药形状各异的IUD，计划生育基础理论研究和临床技术实施成为发展中国家的典范,妇产科学医学科学重要组成部分涉及面广、整体性强与内科、外科并驾齐驱,妇产科学范畴,研究妇女特有的生理和病理的医学学科产科学、妇科学、计划生育,产科学,对象研究内容,产科学(Obstetrics)产科学基础生理产科学病理产科学胎儿及早期新生儿学围生医学,妇科学,对象研究内容,妇科学（Gynecology)妇科学基础生殖器炎症生殖器肿瘤生殖内分泌疾病生殖器损伤生殖器畸形其他（内异症）,计划生育避孕绝育优生,妇产科学特点,妇产科学与其他学科密不可分妇产科学本身是个整体不可分割妇产科学是临床医学又是预防医学,产科学进展(advanceofobstetrics),产科理论体系转变产前诊断及PGD围生期胎儿及新生儿超声监测胎儿宫内治疗,产科学进展(advanceofobstetrics),辅助生殖技术妊娠合并症的诊断及处理剖宫产相关问题分娩减痛术围生期感染及STD,妇科学进展(advanceofgyn.),普通妇科腔镜妇科内分泌妇科肿瘤妇科创伤与修复妇科,如何学习？,1:两个阶段系统学习阶段毕业实习阶段2:两个问题教与学的问题,教学目标,围绕教学大刚要求，组织教学掌握基本理论、基本知识、基本技能系统学习+毕业实习=合格医生,教学方法,1:系统讲授2:专题讲座目的（1）了解学科最新发展动态（2）临床工作焦点、难点问题3:模拟查房效果（1）巩固