沥青基本知识与试验.ppt

沥青基本知识与试验,2010.8,建筑之家,背景,沥青在石油产品中可溶一般是石油蒸馏过程的副产品可以自然地产生,柏油（焦油）不溶于石油产品一般是焦炭（煤）生产的副产品,背景,第一条美国热拌沥青路面在19世纪70年代建成宾夕法尼亚大街使用从特立尼达岛上湖面开采的天然沥青两个来源特立尼达岛伯慕德兹（Bermudez）,委内瑞拉,背景,每种湖沥青都很均匀用溶解度试验来确定来源不同来源间的溶解情况不同19世纪末铺路的需求超过了湖沥青的供应量导致石油沥青开始使用,石油沥青,从原油炼制的过程来说，沥青是废品有时被称为“桶底”性能依赖于:炼制工艺原油组成,煤油柴油汽油沥青,原油桶,沥青成分,四组分：饱和分、芳香分、胶质、沥青质三组分：油分、胶质、沥青质沥青质大的、不连续的固态内含物（黑色）高粘度成分胶质室温时半固态或固态受热时流动遇冷时变脆油分无色的液体在大多数溶剂中溶解使沥青流动,石油沥青的生产方法,蒸馏法减压蒸馏加工最简便、成本最低7080的沥青总产量溶剂法氧化法调合法受原油约束降低,早期规范,湖沥青外观二硫化碳中的溶解性石油沥青（20世纪早期）坚固性（稠度）咀嚼缝纫机测量稠度,针入度试验,缝纫机的针规定荷重、时间、温度,针入度分级规范,用针入度结果来分级增加闪点试验延度溶解度薄膜烘箱老化针入度延度,针入度沥青规范,三大指标针入度延度软化点针入度指数密度闪点溶解度含蜡量,针入度沥青规范,60粘度135粘度TFOT后残留物质量损失针入度比（25C）延度（不可用RTFOT替代）,针入度的含义与作用,针入度是沥青的稠度指标，反映沥青在一定条件下的软硬程度，由于针入度是条件稠度，故不能单纯以针入度大小来评价沥青的软硬程度。针入度除作为沥青分级的依据外，还可以用不同温度下的针入度或将针入度与沥青的软化点、粘度进行关联表征沥青的感温性。,沥青的高温稳定性指标,软化点沥青在一定条件下的等粘温度测定方法有多种，环球法、立方体法等60粘度粘度大，在荷载作用下剪切变形小，弹性恢复性能好测定方法有多种，真空毛细管、旋转粘度计,旋转粘度计(Brookfield),内圆筒,力矩,温度环境室,数字温度控制仪,沥青的低温抗裂性能指标,脆点北方国家，加拿大、瑞典、德国弗拉斯脆点沥青的等劲度温度延度规定的拉伸速度和温度拉伸标准试件的两端到断裂时的长度反映了沥青的粘弹性质,延度,沥青的抗老化性能指标,薄膜烘箱或旋转薄膜烘箱试验前后沥青常规性质的变化，如针入度比、延度,薄膜加热试验,烘箱外部,旋转架,盘子,温度计6mm,沥青的施工及安全指标,施工性能用135粘度表征安全指标用闪点进行表征,闪点(安全性),温度计,沥青杯,通气棒,沥青的综合指标,密度溶解度灰分针入度指数蜡含量,溶解度(纯度),针入度指数PI,针入度指数可以反映沥青偏离牛顿流体的程度，当PI1.00%,20Hours,2.07MPa,107425221916131072522191613312825221916343128252219373431282540373431,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*sin,(BendingBeamRheometer)BBR“S”Stiffness&“m”-value,-24-30-360-6-12-18-24-30-36-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-240-6-12-18-24,-24-30-360-6-12-18-24-30-36-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-240-6-12-18-24,PerformanceGrades（性能等级）,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*/sin,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*/sin,230oC,CEC,PG46PG52PG58PG64PG70PG76PG82,(RotationalViscosity)RV,9090100100100(110)100(110)110(110),(FlashPoint)FP,46525864707682,46525864707682,(ROLLINGTHINFILMOVEN)RTFOMassLoss1.00%,20Hours,2.07MPa,107425221916131072522191613312825221916343128252219373431282540373431,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*sin,(BendingBeamRheometer)BBR“S”Stiffness&“m”-value,-24-30-360-6-12-18-24-30-36-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-240-6-12-18-24,-24-30-360-6-12-18-24-30-36-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-240-6-12-18-24,PG规范的原理,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*/sin,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*/sin,230oC,CEC,TestTemperatureChanges,SpecRequirementRemainsConstant,1.00kPa,PG46PG52PG58PG64PG70PG76PG82,(RotationalViscosity)RV,9090100100100(110)100(110)110(110),(FlashPoint)FP,46525864707682,46525864707682,(ROLLINGTHINFILMOVEN)RTFOMassLoss1.00%,(DirectTension)DT,(BendingBeamRheometer)BBRPhysicalHardening,28,-34-40-46-10-16-22-28-34-40-46-16-22-28-34-40-10-16-22-28-34-40-10-16-22-28-34-40-10-16-22-28-34-10-16-22-28-34,Avg7-dayMax,oC,1-dayMin,oC,(PRESSUREAGINGVESSEL)PAV,ORIGINAL,1.00%,20Hours,2.07MPa,107425221916131072522191613312825221916343128252219373431282540373431,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*sin,(BendingBeamRheometer)BBR“S”Stiffness&“m”-value,-24-30-360-6-12-18-24-30-36-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-240-6-12-18-24,-24-30-360-6-12-18-24-30-36-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-240-6-12-18-24,永久变形,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*/sin,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*/sin,230oC,CEC,1.00kPa,2.20kPa,UnagedRTFOAged,短期胶结料老化,旋转薄膜烘箱模拟拌和及施工的老化,RTFO内部,风扇,空气,旋转瓶架,试验前后瓶子状态,瓶子的开口,DSR设备,DSR设备,计算机控制数据采集,永久变形,用高温劲度表示原样沥青G*/sin1.00kPaRTFO老化沥青G*/sin2.20kPa,路面使用寿命的早期阶段,重车,PG46PG52PG58PG64PG70PG76PG82,(RotationalViscosity)RV,9090100100100(110)100(110)110(110),(FlashPoint)FP,46525864707682,46525864707682,(ROLLINGTHINFILMOVEN)RTFOMassLoss1.00kPa,2.20kPa,S0.300,ReportValue,1.00%,20Hours,2.07MPa,107425221916131072522191613312825221916343128252219373431282540373431,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*sin,(BendingBeamRheometer)BBR“S”Stiffness&“m”-value,-24-30-360-6-12-18-24-30-36-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-240-6-12-18-24,-24-30-360-6-12-18-24-30-36-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-240-6-12-18-24,疲劳开裂,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*/sin,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*/sin,230oC,CEC,1.00%,PAVAged,PG46PG52PG58PG64PG70PG76PG82,(RotationalViscosity)RV,9090100100100(110)100(110)110(110),(FlashPoint)FP,46525864707682,46525864707682,(ROLLINGTHINFILMOVEN)RTFOMassLoss1.00kPa,2.20kPa,20Hours,2.07MPa,107425221916131072522191613312825221916343128252219373431282540373431,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*sin,(BendingBeamRheometer)BBR“S”Stiffness&“m”-value,-24-30-360-6-12-18-24-30-36-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-240-6-12-18-24,-24-30-360-6-12-18-24-30-36-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-24-300-6-12-18-240-6-12-18-24,低温开裂,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*/sin,(DynamicShearRheometer)DSRG*/sin,230oC,CEC,S0.300,ReportValue,1.00%,PAVAged,RV,DSR,BBR,温度开裂,弯曲梁流变仪,空气支承,加载单元,变形传感器,水浴槽,计算机,弯曲梁流变仪设备,冷却系统,水浴,加载头,总结,疲劳开裂,车辙,施工,RV,DSR,低温开裂,BBR,DTT,PG58-22,PG52-28,PG64-10,PG58-16,沥青PG等级选择,如何