Lesson 18 Digital Systems电子技术专业英语教程

2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,1,Lesson18DigitalSystems电子技术专业英语教程冯新宇主编电子工业出版社,Unit7DigitalLogicCircuit,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,2,Lesson18DigitalSystems,BackgroundsTexttourLanguageinuseVocabularyStructureReading/writingtechniques,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,3,Terminologytranslatorn.翻译者；【计】翻译程序，翻译器compilern.【计】（自动编码器）编译程序器；程序编制（器）semiconductortechnology【计】半导体工艺，半导体技术microprocessor【计】微处理器;微处理机,Backgrounds,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,4,Texttour,OutlineDigitalsystemsandatypicaldigitalsystemHowdosethecomputerdealwithinformation?SoftwareComplierMicroprocessorMicrocontroller,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,5,Digitalsystemsandatypicaldigitalsystem,Digitalsystemsaredesignedtostore,process,andcommunicateinformationindigitalform.Theyarefoundinawiderangeofapplications,includingprocesscontrol,communicationsystems,digitalinstruments,andconsumerproducts.Thedigitalcomputer,morecommonlycalledthe“computer”,isanexampleofatypicaldigitalsystem.,acomputer,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,6,Howdosethecomputerdealwithinformation?(1),Acomputermanipulatesinformationindigital,ormoreprecisely,binaryform.Abinarynumberhasonlytwodiscretevalues-zeroorone.EachofthesediscretevaluesisrepresentedbytheOFFandONstatusofanelectronicswitchcalleda“transistor”.Allcomputers,therefore,onlyunderstandbinarynumbers.Anydecimalnumber(base10,withtendigitsfrom0to9)canberepresentedbyabinarynumber(base2,withdigits0and1).,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,7,Howdosethecomputerdealwithinformation?(2),Thebasicblocksofacomputerarethecentralprocessingunit(CPU),thememory,andtheinput/output(I/O).TheCPUofthecomputerisbasicallythesameasthebrainsofahumanbeing.Computermemoryisconceptuallysimilartohumanmemory.Aquestionaskedtoahumanbeingisanalogoustoenteringaprogramintothecomputerusinganinputdevicesuchasthekeyboard,andansweringthequestionbythehumanissimilarinconcepttooutputtingtheresultrequiredbytheprogramtoacomputeroutputdevicesuchastheprinter.Themaindifferenceisthathumanbeingscanthinkindependently,whereascomputerscanonlyanswerquestionsthattheyareprogrammedfor.Programscanperformaspecifictasksuchasadditionifthecomputerhasanelectroniccircuitcapableofaddingtwonumbers.Programmerscannotchangetheseelectroniccircuitsbutcanperformtasksonthemusinginstructions.,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,8,Software,ComputersoftwareComputersoftware,ontheotherhand,consistsofacollectionofprograms.Programscontaininstructionsanddataforperformingaspecifictask.Theseprograms,writtenusinganyprogramminglanguagesuchasC+,mustbetranslatedintobinarypriortoexecutionbythecomputer.Thisisbecausethecomputeronlyunderstandsbinarynumbers.Therefore,atranslatorforconvertingsuchaprogramintobinaryisnecessary.,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,9,Complier,CompilerAtranslatorprogramcalledthecompilerisusedfortranslatingprogramswritteninaprogramminglanguagesuchasC+intobinary.Theseprogramsinbinaryformarethenstoredinthecomputermemoryforexecutionbecausecomputersonlyunderstand1sand0s.Furthermore,computerscanonlyadd.Thismeansthatalloperationssuchassubtraction,multiplication,anddivisionareperformedbyaddition.,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,10,Microprocessor,Duetoadvancesinsemiconductortechnology,itispossibletofabricatetheCPUinasinglechip.Theresultisthemicroprocessor.BothMetalOxideSemiconductor(MOS)andbipolartechnologieswereusedinthefabricationprocess.TheCPUcanbeplacedonasinglechipwhenMOStechnologyisused.However,severalchipsarerequiredwiththebipolartechnology.HCMOS(HighSpeedComplementaryMOS)orBICMOS(CombinationofBipolarandHCMOS)technologyisnormallyusedthesedaystofabricatethemicroprocessorinasinglechip.,Aintelmicroprocessor,8088microprocessor,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,11,Microcontroller,“Microcontrollers”evolvedfromsingle-chipmicrocomputers.Themicrocontrollersaretypicallyusedfordedicatedapplicationssuchasautomotivesystems,homeappliances,andhomeentertainmentsystems.Typicalmicrocontrollers,therefore,includeamicrocomputer,timers,andA/D(analogtodigital)andD/A(digitaltoanalog)convertersallinasinglechip.ExamplesoftypicalmicrocontrollersareIntel8751(8-bit)/8096(16-bit)andMotorolaHC11(8-bit)/HC16(16-bit).,Intel8751(8-bit),MotorolaHC16(16-bit),2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,12,VocabularyAcquisitionstimulusmarginevaluationancillarybriefStructureReading/writingtechniques,Languageinuse,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,13,Vocabulary,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,14,Acquisitionindictionary,Theactofacquiring.获得，取得Somethingacquired,especiallyanadditiontoanestablishedcategoryorgroup.获得物Theprocessoflocatingasatellite,guidedmissile,ormovingtargetsothatitstrackororbitcanbedetermined.搜索，探测,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,15,Acquisitionintext,Anacquisitioninstrumentusuallyanoscilloscopeorlogicanalyserisprobablythefirstthingthatcomestomindwhenyouthinkaboutmakingelectronicmeasurements.当进行电子测量时，人们首先想到的很可能是一件采集仪器通常是示波器或逻辑分析仪。,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,16,Acquisitioninuse,aircrafttargetacquisition空中目标的搜索high-speeddataacquisition高速数据采集languageacquisition语言习得techniqueacquisition技术引进,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,17,Stimulusindictionary,Somethingcausingorregardedascausingaresponse.刺激因素Anagent,anaction,oraconditionthatelicitsoracceleratesaphysiologicalorpsychologicalactivityorresponse.刺激物,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,18,Stimulusintext,Thetoolsetfordigitaldesigncharacterizationdiffersfromitscounterpartinanalog/mixedsignaldesign,butbothmustincludestimulusinstrumentsandacquisitioninstruments.Thesignalsource,orsignalgenerator,isthestimulussourcethatpairswithanacquisitioninstrumenttocreatethetwoelementsofacompletemeasurementsolution.用于数字设计特性评价的测量仪器和用于模拟/混合信号设计的测量仪器是不一样的，但两者一定都包含激励信号产生仪器和信号采集仪器。信号源（或信号发生器）和采集仪器是构成一个完整测量解决方案的两大基本组成部分。,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,19,Stimulusinuse,underthestimulusofthishopeLightisastimulustogrowthinplants.,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,20,Marginindictionary,Anedgeandtheareaimmediatelyadjacenttoit;aborder.边缘，边界Theblankspaceborderingthewrittenorprintedareaonapage.空白Alimitinaconditionorprocess,beyondorbelowwhichsomethingisnolongerpossibleoracceptable:极限themarginofrealityhascrossedthemarginofcivilizedbehavior.,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,21,Marginindictionary,Anamountallowedbeyondwhatisneeded:余地Ameasure,quantity,ordegreeofdifference:差数Theminimumreturnthatanenterprisemayearnandstillpayforitself.边际收益Theborderofaleaf.树叶的边缘,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,22,Marginindictionary,Intelegraphy,ameasureoftheabilityofthereceivingapparatustocopywithtimingerrorsinthereceivedsignal.Inprinting,thespacesurroundingthetypearea,comprisinghead,tail,backandforedge.,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,23,Marginintext,Tociteanotherexample,engineersmustcharacterizetheiremergingdesignstoensurethatthenewhardwaremeetsdesignspecificationsacrossthefullrangeofoperationandbeyond.Thisisknownasmarginorlimittesting.举另外一个例子。为了确保新硬件在整个操作范围及该范围之外满足性能设计要求，工程师们必须对即将完成的设计进行特性评价。这就是所谓的“边缘测试或极限测试”。,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,24,Margininuse,byacomfortablemargin以较大的多数byanarrowmargin以微弱多数bya.margin以.之差,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,25,Margininuse,bindingmargin装订边continentalmargin大陆边缘currentmargin工作电流范围,电流容限designmargin设计余量errormargin误差容限,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,26,Margininuse,lowlevelnoisemargin低电平噪声容限magnitudemargin幅值裕度noisemargin噪声容限,噪声安全系数nominalmargin标称容限peakmargin峰值容限,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,27,Evaluationindictionary,Aprocesstodeterminewhetherornotanitemofhardwareorsoftwarecanperformaparticularrequiredfunctionortodeterminewhichoftwoormoreitemscanperformthefunctionbest.评价；鉴定Aprocesstoreduceanexpressiontoitssimplestformorasinglevalue.计算，求值,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,28,Evaluationintext,Asignalsourceisnothinglessthanthecornerstoneofalmostanyinstrumentationsetupusedinhardwaredesign,debug,orevaluationprojects信号源是用于硬件设计、调试、评价工程中的几乎任何一种测量配置的基础。,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,29,Evaluationinuse,accomplishmentevaluation学业成绩评定hazardevaluation危害评价lossevaluation损耗估算evaluationofdeterminants行列式的求值,2020/6/14,电子技术专业英语教程,30,Ancillaryindictionary,Subordinate:从属的Auxiliary;helping:辅助的；补充的Something,suchasaworkbook,thatissubordinatetosomethingelse,suchasatextbook.附属物