《现在完成时态》ppt课件.ppt

PresentPerfectTense,Presentperfecttense现在完成时,构成:用法一：,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.,have/has+done(过去分词),现在完成时用来表示已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。例如：eg:Ihavelostmyweddingring.我丢了我的结婚戒指（这一动作虽然发生在过去，但影响持续到现在，其结果是我现在没有结婚戒指了）IhavesenthimaChristmascard.Hehasjustboughtanewhouse.,现在完成时和一般过去式的区别：1）一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。表示纯粹的过去，与现在没有联系。而现在完成时强调过去的动作与现在的关系。对现在产生的结果，影响等。Ihavelostmybag.(现在还没找到)Ilostmybag.(丢了钱包，现在是否找到，不知道)Mrs.SmithlivedinBeijingforsevenyears.(史密斯太太已不再住在北京)Mrs.SmithhaslivedinBeijingforsevenyears.(史密斯太太还住在北京),1.都表示过去发生的事2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last,ago,yesterday,etc.）,present,past,Ihavelivedherefortwoyears,Ilivedthere2yearsago,2）现在完成时与现在有联系，过去时表示的过去时间的经历，与现在没有联系。所以如果动作发生在特定的过去时间，如lastnight,yesterday,threedaysago,justnow,in1998等则不能用现在完成时，必须用一般过去时。试比较：Thefilmhasbeenontenminutesago.()Thefilmbegantenminutesago.()Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.()3)询问某事过去发生的具体时间，具体地点时必须用一般过去时，Whendidyouloseyourluggage?Wheredidtheyleavefor?,eg.1.Hehadhisbreakfastat6:00Hehashadhisbreakfast.2.Whendidyoucomehere?IwatchedthefootballmatchonTVat9:00.,Exercises,1.I_(have)lunchalready.2.Hasthetrain_(arrive),yet?3.Tome_never_(beto)China.4.Thetwin_just_(see)myfather.5.Thetwins_(see)myfatherjustnow.6.Manytallbuildings_(build)inthepast5years.,havehad,arrived,has,beento,has,seen,saw,havebeenbuilt,现在完成时与一般现在时的区别：1.一般现在时和现在完成时都可以与often,always,seldom,never等副词连用，但意义不同。现在完成时强调一段特定时间里反复发生的情况，而一般现在时强调一般情况，说明主语的特征。试比较：eg:Hehasalwayshelpedus（到目前为止）Healwayshelpsus.(一贯如此)Ihaveseldomwatchedcartoonsthesedays.(这几天的情况)Iseldomwatchcartoons.（一贯如此）,Adverbsoftime,alreadyeveryetneverjustthesedaysrecentlyinthepasttenyearslatelyinthelasttwoyearsfor+段时间(foralongtime,fortwomonthssince+点时间(sincetwoyearsago,sincethismorning),Ihavecomebackjustnow.Icamebackjustnow.Whenhaveyouseenhim?Whendidyouseehim?,When不与现在完成时连用。它只有过去时或将来时，因为它表示确切的时间。,用法二：for+段时间since+点时间since+句子（过去时）E.g.Katehaslivedherefor3years.Katehaslivedheresince3yearsago.KatehaslivedheresinceshecametoChina.,表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用,Myfatherhasntsmokedfortwomonths,Heistryingtogiveitup.我父亲已经有两个月没有抽烟了。他现在在努力戒烟。TheyhavestayedinthishotelsincelastTuesday.WehavelearnedEnglishforaboutthreeyears.,have/hasgonetohave/hasbeentohave/hasbeenin,have/hasgoneto:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；eg:1)WherehasJohngone?Icantfindhimanywhere.(John不在说话地方)2)MaryhasgonetoHongKong(Mary不在说话地方，可能在香港，可能在路上),have/hasgonetohave/hasbeentohave/hasbeenin,have/hasbeento:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;John,Wherehaveyoubeen?(现在John已经回来，在说话的地方)WherehaveyoubeentoBeijing?(你在说话地方),have/hasgonetohave/hasbeentohave/hasbeenin,have/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。IhavebeeninBritainforthenyears.,Exercises,Tom在哪儿？他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack去过上海两次了,-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshoptobuysomebooks.,IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years.,JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice.,Correcting,1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months.2.Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18.3.JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years.4.ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema.5.WhenhasMr.Licaughtabadcold?,havekept,hasbeenin/beenamemberofthearmy,since5yearsago/for5years,came,did,catch,6.Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.7.JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years.8.Whattimehavethefactoryopened?9.IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwice,has,hasbeenin,did,open,beento,HaveyougonetoAmerica?(误)HaveyoubeentoAmerica?(正)1._you_toJapanbefore?2.Hisfatherisntathome.He_thesupermarketnow.3.Whereisyourclassteacher?She_thelibrary.4.Lindaandherparents_toFrancetwice.,重点句型:Itis/hasbeen+段时间+since从句段时间+haspassed+since从句,eg.他死了两年了：Hediedtwoyearsago.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears/sincetwoyearsagoItis/hasbeentwoyearssincehedied.Twoyearshaspassedsincehedied,瞬间动词与现在完成时瞬间动词不能用于持续性用法（表示一个从过去开始持续到现在的用法）必须将瞬间动词转换成持续性动词。她父母已经死了十年了。Herparentshavediedfortenyears.()Herparentshavebeendeadfortenyears.()Ihaveboughtanewapartmentforamonth错误Ihavehadanewapartmentforamonth正确,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,arrive/come/goto/reachborrowleavebuyjoinstart/beginfinish/enddie,bein,have,keep,beaway,bein/amemberof,beon,beover,bedead,Exercises,Hisfatherhasdied.(for2years)Thefootballmatchhasbegun.(since9:00a.m)Thetwinshavejoinedthearmy.(sincetheyare18yearsold)MyteacherhasjustleftNanjing.(for3days),Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years.,Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9:00a.m.,Thetwinshavebeensoldiers/beeninthearmysincetheyare18yearsold.,MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3days,1.这本书我借了一个月了。,Iborrowedthisbookamonthago.,Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.,Ihavekeptthebookforamonth./sinceamonthago.,AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook.,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,arrive/come/gotodiebecomeaborrowLeave/movebuyopenjoinstart/beginfinish/endcatchacoldgetupgettoknowgetoutclosewakeupgotosleepbecomeinterestedin,bein,bedead,have,keep,beaway/beout,bea,bein/amemberof,beopen,beon,beover,haveacold,beup,know,beout,beclosed,beawake,beasleep/sleep,beinterestedin,Exercises,IamanAmericanboyIcametoChinatwoyearsago.I_(study)herefortwoyears.Myfatheroften(take)me_(play)footballontheplayground.LastweekI_(take)totheparkbyhim.Wesawalotofmonkeys(jump)inthetree.IheardavoicefrombehindWhenI(walk)alongtheriver.Ithoughtmyself.“Itmust_(be)Mr.Brown.He_(take)photos.”We_(enjoy)thatday.We_(go)backtoAmericanextweek.,havestudied,takes,toplay,Wastaken,waked,jump,be,istaking,enjoyed,willgo,构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词(Ihave/Youhave/Shehas/Hehas/Ithas/Ourhave/Theyhave/Ourteacherhas/Ourschoolhas/Mikehas/Maryhas)（规则动词变化同过去式/不规则变化见表）规则：(1)在词尾加-ed(2)e结尾在词尾加d(3)辅音+y,去y改成i加ed(4)元音字母+y在词尾加ed(5)重读闭音节且词尾为单个辅音字母，将词尾辅音字母双写加ed(6)重读r音节，双写r加ed不规则：ABC型(原形，过去式，过去分词均不同型)eg:do-did-done;swim-swam-swum;fly-flew-flown;drink-drank-drunkA